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This document discusses several key aspects of computer networking and data communication. It explains that networking allows computers to connect and communicate over long distances through protocols like TCP/IP. Common computer networking technologies that enable this include LAN, WAN, WiFi, and others. The document also outlines the basic components involved in networking, such as computers, networking cards, hubs/switches/routers, and different connection mediums like cables and wireless. It describes common network topologies like star, mesh, bus, and ring configurations. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of security measures to safeguard networked systems from threats.

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Diane Joyce Villegas Gonzales
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49 views2 pages

Data

This document discusses several key aspects of computer networking and data communication. It explains that networking allows computers to connect and communicate over long distances through protocols like TCP/IP. Common computer networking technologies that enable this include LAN, WAN, WiFi, and others. The document also outlines the basic components involved in networking, such as computers, networking cards, hubs/switches/routers, and different connection mediums like cables and wireless. It describes common network topologies like star, mesh, bus, and ring configurations. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of security measures to safeguard networked systems from threats.

Uploaded by

Diane Joyce Villegas Gonzales
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Advancements in the information technology sector have brought many benefits to the people all around

the world.  Today with computer networking, we can chat, speak and see each other over a long distance.
Data communication refers to the transmission of the digital signals over a communication channel
between the transmitter and receiver computers. Communication is possible only with wired and wireless
connectivity of the computers with each other.

All the computers, in the logically and physically networks have to follow the same rules known as
Protocols such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NETBEUI etc. Today, there are many computer networking
technologies such as LAN, MAN, WAN, WLAN, ISDN, ATM, Frame Relay, X.25, Bluetooth, GPRS,
CDMA and many others.

There are different types of the physical medium that allows the communication between the network
devices such as UTP, STP, Fiber optic, coaxial cable, Microwave, radio frequencies, satellite and
electromagnetic waves.  The devices that are involved in the data communication process are LAN cards,
hub, router, switch, CSU/DSU and modems.  Following elements are involved to form a network
communication system.

 Computers
 Protocols
 LAN Card
 Hub/Switch/Router
 Mediums (UTP/STP, Fiber optic cables, Air)

Protocols are the set of rules, agreed upon ways and standards that are used to make data transmission
process.  Every computer in a network should support the same protocols.  TCP/IP is the most common
communication protocol in the LAN, WAN and on internet. With the advancements in the
communication technologies data, voice and video signals can be transmitted over the same channel such
as broadband internet.

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Every computer network exists in a topology, which means physical design or layout of a network.  The
common network topologies include star, mesh, bus, ring, hybrid and tree.  The star topology is the most
commonly used topology in the Ethernet network.

In the star topology, every computer in the network is directly connected with the centralized hub or
switch.  The failure of any system in a network, does not affect the other computers.  In the Bus topology,
every computer is connected with the serial cable and in case any problem with a singe PC results in
terminating the whole communication process.  A communication channel UTP/STP and Fiber optic
cable is a path or medium over which information is transmitted. These are the dedicated lines for
transmitting the digitized data, voice and video signals.

Every message in the transmission process is divided into the seven logical layers known as the OSI
layers model.  Security and privacy are the biggest concerns in the data communications. Wireless
networks, faxed business letters and the computer without proper security implementations can be
hacked. To deal with these internal and external security threats the data communication networks should
be properly safe guarded with the antivirus, antivirus and firewall solutions.  Computer networks should
also meet the performance, reliability, consistency, recovery and security criteria to maintain the smooth
flow of data in an organization.
 

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