‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬١W٨‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K١W١٦
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٤٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬L 
 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬K
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٦F‫א‬
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٤١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬L 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬
= ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬  
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
 
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬  
=  
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬  


 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١W١٦١W٨‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E٢ J٦F

- ١٤٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬L 
 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬  
% ١٠٠ × = ‫آﻔﺎءة اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
 
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K٪٩٥٪٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬٠{٦‫א‬‫א‬٠{٩‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١{٢‫א‬١{٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٤٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٢٥W٣٥٢٥W١٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬L‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬،(kg-m)‫א‬(N-m)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(ft-lb)
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
 K(HP)(kW)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 xz‫א‬Cxz‫א‬Zx Jz‫א‬
 
 x\١z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Cx Jz‫א‬Zx‫א‬z‫א‬

(‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ١ ) × [‫ ﻣﺘﺮ[ × ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران ]ﻟﻔﻪ\دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬-‫= ﻋﺰم اﻟﺪوران ]ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬  

٩٥٥٠  
‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك وﻋﺰم وﻗﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬٣-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
- ١٤٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬
 L٣٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ١٤٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬  J
 
 
 
- ١٤٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(PCV)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E ٤ J٦F 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺖ‬/‫ﺛﺄﻧﻴ ًﺎ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
:‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺖ‬
 ‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٦F
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ١٤٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻋﺎدم اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬/‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦ J٦F 
 

W‫א‬
E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٤٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
  K

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ‬٧-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
.‫( ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬٨-٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
- ١٥٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ‬٩-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ 
KL٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 K‫א‬KW‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 J J‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‫ ( ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء‬١٠-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
‫ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
 
 
- ١٥٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 :‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،F‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KL٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
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‫( ﺘﻭﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻀﻐﻁ‬١١-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺯﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬L 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‫( ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﺴﺭﻴﺏ ﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬١٢-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

  ‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
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‫(ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬١٣-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

 

.‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﺎف واﻟﻤﺒﻠﻞ‬١٤-٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﺴﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺔ‬١٥-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
‫א‬٪١٠٠٪‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٪٢٠K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬L
،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
 •
 •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
L‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

 

 

 

- ١٥٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬١٦-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F ٢٠ J١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬
‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥‫א‬
 

 

 

- ١٥٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

‫( اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﺗﺰان ﻗﺪرة‬١٧-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١٦٠ -
 ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ١٧٢‬ﺛﻘﻞ‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﻳﺎي ﺻﻤﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ أو ﺣﺮق ﺻﻤﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة ﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﺗﻜﻮن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻘﺮاءة آﻞ ﻣﺮة ﻳﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ ١٨‬إﻟﻰ ‪ ٢٢‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‪ -‬زﺋﺒﻖ‬
‫اﻻهﺘﺰاز ﻋﻨﺪ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻌﺎدم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺂآﻞ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود ﻣﻦ ‪٩-٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺠﺄة ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﻬﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‪ -‬زﺋﺒﻖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﺣﺸﻮة ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺳﺤﺐ أو‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮد اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺨﺎﻧﻖ‬

‫اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎم ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺮاءة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺘﺄرﺟﺢ ﺑﺘﺮدد ﻏﻴﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺘﺄرﺟﺢ ﺑﺒﻂء ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء أو ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺻﻤﺎم ﺑﺪء‬ ‫)أﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ(‬ ‫وﻗﻮد ﻓﻘﻴﺮ )ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻐﺬى أو‬
‫اﻹدارة )اﻟﺸﻔﺎط(‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد(‬

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‫ﺟﺪول ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

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