NURTURE COURSE

EUDIOMETRY
 Eudiometry
ALLEN
EUDIOMETRY
KEY CONCEPTS

EUDIOMETRY :
Eudiometry or gas analysis involves the calculations based on gaseous reactions or the reactions in
which at least two components are gaseous, in which the amounts of gases are represented by their
volumes, measured at the same pressure and temperature. Some basic assumptions related with
calculations are:
1. Gay-Lussac's law of volume combination holds good. According to this law, the volumes of gaseous
reactants reacted and the volumes of gaseous products formed, all measured at the same temperature
and pressure, bear a simple ratio.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ¾® 2NH3 (g)
1 vol. 3 vol. 2 vol.
Problem may be solved directly is terms of volume, in place of mole. The stoichiometric coefficients
of a balanced chemical reactions gives the ratio of volumes in which gaseous substances are reacting
and products are formed, at same temperature and pressure.

2. The volumes of solids or liquids is considered to be negligible in comparison to the volume of gas.
It is due to the fact that the volume occupied by any substance in gaseous state is even more than
thousand times the volume occupied by the same substance in solid or liquid states.
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) ¾® 2H2O (l)
2 mole 1 mole 2 mole
2 vol. 1 vol. 0 vol.
3. Air is considered as a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases only. It is due to the fact that about 99%
volume of air is composed of oxygen and nitrogen gases only.

4. Nitrogen gas is considered as a non- reactive gas. It is due to the fact that nitrogen gas reacts only at
very high temperature due to its very high thermal stability. Eudiometry is performed in an eudiometer
tube and the tube can not withstand very high temperature. This is why, nitrogen gas can not participate
in the reactions occurring in the eudiometer tube.
5. The total volume of non-reacting gaseous mixture is equal to sum of partial volumes of the component
gases (Amagat's law).
V = V1 + V2 +..............
Partial volume of gas in a non-reacting gasesous mixture is its volume when the entire pressure of
the mixture is supposed to be exerted only by that gas.
6. The volume of gases produced is often given by certain solvent which absorb contain gases.
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Solvent Gases absorb

KOH CO2, SO2, Cl2
Ammonical Cu2Cl2 CO
Turpentine oil O3
Alkaline pyrogallol O2
water NH3, HCl
CuSO4/CaCl2 H2 O

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EUDIOMETER
An eudiometer is a laboratory device that measures the change in volume of a gas mixture following a
physical or chemical change.

Scheme of eudiometer
To use a eudiometer, it is filled with water, inverted so that its open end is facing the ground
(while holding the open end so that no water escapes), and then submersed in a basin of water.
A chemical reaction is taking place through which gas is created. One reactant is typically at the bottom
of the eudiometer (which flows downward when the eudiometer is inverted) and the other reactant is
suspended on the rim of the eudiometer, typically by means of a platinum or copper wire (due to their low
reactivity). When the gas created by the chemical reaction is released, it should rise into the eudiometer
so that the experimenter may accurately read the volume of the gas produced at any given time. Normally
a person would read the volume when the reaction is completed
SOLVED EXAMPLE
Ex.1 10 ml of CO is mixed with 25 ml air (20% O2 by volume) in a container at 1 atm. Find final volume
(in ml) of container at 1 atm after complete combustion. (Assume that temperature remain con-
stant).
5ml
10 ml
1
Sol. CO + O2 ¾¾
® CO 2
2 10ml

Vf = VCO2 + Volume of remaining air = 10 + 20 = 30 ml

Ex.2 A 3 L gas mixture of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) on complete combustion at 25°C
produced 10 L CO2. Assuming constant P and T conditions what was volume of butane present
in initial mixture ?
Sol. C3H8(g) + 5O2 ¾¾® 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
xL 3x L
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C4H10(g) + O2 (g) ¾¾
® 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l)
2
(3-x) L 4(3 – x) L
from question 3x + 4 (3 –x) = 10 Þ x = 2
\ Volume of butane , C4H10 = (3 – x) = 1 L

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CH3

Ex.3 100 ml gaseous meta Xylene undergoes combustion with excess of oxygen at room
CH3

temperature and pressure. Volume contraction / expansion (in ml) during reaction is :
21
Sol. C4H10(g) + O2 (g) ¾¾
® 8CO2(g) + 5H2O(l)
2

100 ml 21 800 ml 0
´ 100
2
= 1050ml

\ Conctraction in volume = (100 + 1050) – 800 = 350 ml

Ex.4 30 ml gaseous mixture of methane and ethylene in volume ratio X : Y requires 350 ml air containing
20% of O2 by volume for complete combustion. If ratio of methane and ethylene changed to
Y : X. What will be volume of air (in ml) required for complete reaction under similar condition
of temperature and pressure.

Sol. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ¾¾® CO2(g) + 2H2O (l)

V1ml 2V1ml V1ml 0

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) ¾¾® 2CO2(g) + 2H2O (l)

V2ml 3V2ml 2V2ml 0

For given data : V1 + V2 = 30

20
and 2V1 + 3V2 = 350 × = 70
100

\ V1 = 20 , V2 = 10
For required data : V1 = 10 and V2 = 20

100
\ Volume of O2 required = 2V1 + 3V2 = 80 ml and volume of air required = 80 = = 400ml
20

Ex.5 An alkene upon combustion produces CO2(g) and H2O(g). In this combustion process if there is
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no volume change occurs then the no. of C atoms per molecule of alkene will be :

3n
Sol. CnH2n(g) + O2(g) ® nCO2(g) + nH2O(g)
2
if there no volume changes i.e. Dng = 0

æ 3n ö
(n + n) – ç 1 + ÷ = 0 Þ n = 2
è 2 ø

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Ex.6 A gaseous hydrocarbon (CxHy) requires 6 times of its own volume of O2 for complete oxidation
and produces 4 times of its volume of CO2. Find out the volume of x + y.
y y
Sol. CXHy + (x + ) O2 ¾¾ ® XCO2 + H 2 O(l )
4 2
æ yö
Vol a açx + ÷ ax
è 4ø
Given that : a(x + y/4) = 6a
vol of CO2 = 4 vol of CxHy
ax = 4 (a)
x=4 ...(2)
y
from (1) x + = 6
4
\ x + y = 4 + 8 = 12
Ex.7 On heating 60 ml mixture containing equal volume of chlorine gas and it's gaseous oxide, volume
becomes 75 ml due complete decomposition of oxide. On treatment with KOH volume becomes
15 ml. What is the formula of oxide of chlorine ?
Sol. Let oxide of Cl is ClxOy
So in 60 mL Þ 30 mL ClxOy and 30 mL Cl2.
Now,
x y
ClxOy ¾® Cl 2 + O2
2 2
30mL
30.x 30.y
mL mL
2 2
Given :
30x 30y
75 = 30 + + Þ x + y = 3 ..........(i)
2 2
KOH absorbs Cl2 and volume becomes 15 mL so,
30x
(75 – 15) = VCl2 = 30 + Þ x = 2 and y = 1
2
So the oxide : Cl2O
Ex.8 5 L of A (g) & 3 L of B(g) measured at same T & P are mixed together which react as follows
2A(g) + B(g) ® C (g)
What will be the total volume (in litre) after the completion of the reaction at same T & P.
Sol. 2A(g) + B(g) ¾¾
® C(g)
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5L 3L
L.R. is A
1
So, volume of C produced = ´ 5 = 2.5 L
2
1
and, volume of B reacted = ´ 5 = 2.5 L
2
So, volume fo B remained = 3 – 2.5 = 0.5 L
Hence, Vtotal = VC + VB = 2.5 + 0.5 = 3 L

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EXERCISE # S-I
1. 20 ml propane gas (C3H8) is burnt completely in excess of air. The volume of CO 2 gas formed is.
2. What volume of O2(g) is needed for complete combustion of 40 ml ethane gas (C2H6) ?
3. 10 ml of CO is mixed with 25 ml air having 20% O2 by volume. What would be the final volume if
none of CO and O2 is left after the reaction?
4. Calculate the volume of CO2 evolved by the combustion of 50 ml of a mixture containing 40%
C2H4 and 60% CH4 (by volume)
5. 10 moles of a mixture of CO (g) and CH4(g) was mixed with 22 moles of O2 gas and subjected to
sparking. Find the moles of gas absorbed when the residual gases are passed through alc. KOH.
6. 60 ml of a mixture of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide was exploded with excess of hydrogen. If 38 ml
of N2 was formed, calculate the volume of NO gas in the mixture.
7. When 100 ml of a O2 – O3 mixture was passed through turpentine, there was reduction of volume
by 20 ml. If 100 ml of such a mixture is heated, what will be the increase in volume?
8. 20 ml of a mixture of C2H2 and CO was exploded with 30 ml of oxygen. The gases after the
reaction had a volume of 34 ml. On treatment with KOH, 8 ml of oxygen remained. Calculate the
volume of C2H2 in the mixture.
9. 10 ml of a mixture of CO, CH4 and N2 exploded with excess of oxygen gave a contraction of 6.5
ml. There was a further contraction of 7 ml, when the residual gas treated with KOH. Volume of
CO, CH4 and N2 respectively is
10. 10 ml of a mixture of CH4, C2H4 and CO2 were exploded with excess of air. After explosion and
further cooling, there was contraction of 17 ml and after treatment with KOH, there was further
reduction of 14 ml. What is the composition of the mixture?
11. 10 ml of an oxide of nitrogen produce 20 ml NO2 and 5 ml O2 on complete decomposition.
The oxide of nitrogen is-
12. Find the nature of hydrocarbon for which volume of oxygen required for combustion is 1.5 times
volume of carbon dioxide produced.
13. A gaseous alkane is exploded with O2. The volume of O2 required for complete combustion and
the volume of CO2 formed after combustion are in 7 : 4 ratio. What is the molecular formula of
alkane ?
14. 20 ml of a gaseous hydrocarbon (A) was exploded with excess of O2 in an eudiometer tube. On
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cooling, the volume was reduced by 50 ml. On further treatment with KOH, there was a further
contraction of 40 ml. The molecular formula of hydrocarbon A is :
15. When a certain quantity of oxygen was ozonised in a suitable apparatus, the volume decreased by
4 ml. On addition of turpentine the volume further decreased by 8 ml. All volumes were measured at the
same temperature and pressure. From these data, if formula of ozone is Ox then find x.

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EXERCISE # S-II

1. A 20 ml mixture of C2H4 and C2H2 undergoes sparking in gas eudiometer with just sufficient amount
of O2 and shows contraction of 37.5 ml. Volume (in ml) of C 2H2 in the mixture is.
2. 1120 ml of ozonised oxygen (O2 + O3) at 1 atm & 273K weighs 1.76 gm. Find the reduction in
volume on passing this through alkaline pyrogallol solution is -

3. Balanced chemical equation is given as following :

C2H5OH (l) + 3O2(g) ¾® 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

What value of the volume in litre of CO2 (g) measured at 200 K and 1 atm, produced from the
combustion of 0.25 mole of C2H5OH (l) ? [Use R = 0.08 L atm mol–1 K–1]
4. 40 ml of a mixture of C2H2 and CO is mixed with 100 ml of O2 gas and the mixture is exploded. The
residual gases occupied 104 ml and when these are passed through KOH solution, the volume
becomes 48 ml. All the volume are at same temperature and pressure. Determine the composition of
original mixture.
5. 10 mL of gaseous organic compound containing C, H and O only was mixed with 100 mL of O2 and
exploded under identical conditions and then cooled. The volume left after cooling was 90 mL. On
treatment with KOH a contraction of 20 mL was observed. If vapour density of compound is 23, if
molecular formula of the compound is CxHyOz, then find (x + y + z).

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EXERCISE # O-I
Single correct
1. 10 ml CH4 gas is burnt completely in air ( O2 = 20%, by volume). The minimum volume
of air needed is -
(A) 20 ml (B) 50 ml (C) 80 ml (D) 100 ml
2. 20 ml of a mixture of C2H4 and C2H6 gases is burnt completely in excess of O2. The volume
of CO2 gas formed is :
(A) 20 ml (B) 40 ml (C) 80 ml (D) 30 ml
3. C6H5OH (g) + O2 (g) ¾® CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Magnitude of volume change if 30 ml of C6H5OH (g) is burnt with excess amount of oxygen, is
(A) 30 ml (B) 60 ml (C) 20 ml (D) 10 ml
4. When 20 ml mixture of O2 and O3 is heated, the volume becomes 29 ml and disappears in alkaline
pyragallol solution. What is the volume percent of O2 in the original mixture?
(A) 90% (B) 10% (C) 18% (D) 2%
5. The % by volume of C4H10 in a gaseous mixture of C4H10, CH4 and CO is 40. When 200 ml of the
mixture is burnt in excess of O2. Find volume (in ml) of CO2 produced.
(A) 220 (B) 340 (C) 440 (D) 560
6. A mixture of C2H2 and C3H8 occupied a certain volume at 80 mm Hg. The mixture was completely
burnt to CO2 and H2O(l). The pressure of CO2 was found to be 230 mm Hg at the same temperature
and volume. The fraction of C2H2 in mixture is
(A) 0.125 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.85 (D) 0.25
7. 20 mL of a mixture of CO and H2 were mixed with excess of O2 and exploded & cooled. There was
a volume contraction of 23 mL. All volume measurements corresponds to room temperature (27°C)
and one atmospheric pressure. Determine the volume ratio V1 : V2 of CO and H2 in the original
mixture
(A) 6.5 : 13.5 (B) 5 : 15 (C) 9 : 11 (D) 7 : 13
8. An ideal gaseous mixture of ethane (C2H6) and ethene (C2H4) occupies 28 litre at 1atm, 0°C. The
mixture reacts completely with 128 gm O2 to produce CO2 and H2O. Mole fraction of C2H6 in the
mixture is–
(A) 0.6 (B) 0.4 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.8
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9. For a chemical reaction occuring at constant pressure and temperature.

2A(g) + 5B(g) ¾® C(g) + 2D(g)
(A) contraction in volume is double the volume of A taken if B is taken in excess.
(B) contraction in volume is more than the volume of B taken if A is in excess.
(C) volume contracts by 20 mL if 10 mL A is reacted with 20 mL B.
(D) no change in volume due to reaction

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10. One litre of CO2 passed over hot coke the volume becomes 1.4 litres then the composition of products
will not be (At NTP)

400
(A) VCO2 : VCO = 3 : 4 (B) VCO 2 = 1.6 ltr. (C) n CO2 : nCO = 3: 4 (D) % V of CO =
7
11. 10 ml of a compound containing 'N' and 'O' is mixed with 30 ml of H2 to produce H2O (l) and 10 ml
of N2 (g). Molecular formula of compound if both reactants reacts completely, is
(A) N2O (B) NO2 (C) N2O3 (D) N2O5
12. An alkane on complete combustion with O2 shows 50% of volume contraction. Molecular formula of
alkane is -
(A) C4H10 (g) (B) CH4 (g) (C) C2H6 (g) (D) C3H8 (g)
13. 20 mL of a gaseous hydrocarbon was exploded with 120 mL of oxygen. A contraction of 60 mL was
observed, and a further contraction of 60 mL took place when KOH was added. What is the formula
of the hydrocarbon :
(A) C3H6 (B) C3H8 (C) C2H6 (D) C4H10
14. When a definite volume of a gaseous alkyne (CnH2n–2) is burnt completely in excess of air, a contraction
in volume equal to twice the volume of alkyne burnt occured. The value of 'n' is -
(A) 10 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 20
15. Each volume of a gaseous organic compound containing C, H and S only produce 1 volume CO2,
2 volume H2O vapours and 1 volume SO2 gases on complete combustion. The molecular formula of
compound is -
(A) CH2S (B) CH4S (C) C2H4S (D) C2H6S

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EXERCISE # O-II
Single correct :
1. A 2 L sample of a gaseous hydrocarbon is burnt in excess oxygen. The only products of the reaction
are 8L of CO2(g) and 10L of H2O(g), all at 100ºC and 1 atm pressure. The formula of the
hydrocarbon is -
(A) C5H12 (B) C4H5 (C) C4H10 (D) C8H10
2. 1120 ml of ozonised oxygen (O2 + O3) at 1 atm & 273K weighs 1.76 gm. The reduction in volume
on passing this through alkaline pyrogallol solution is -
(A) 896 ml (B) 224 ml (C) 448 ml (D) 672 ml
3. Statement-1 : When a gaseous hydrocarbon is burnt in excess of oxygen and the products of
combustion are cooled to the orignal temperatrue and pressure, a contraction in volume occurs.
Statement-2 : The contraction in volume is solely due to the liquifaction of water vapour.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation
for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
4. Statement-1 : For the same volume of gaseous alkane, alkene and alkyne having same number of
carbon atoms, the volume of oxygen needed for complete combustion is maximum for alkane.
Statement-2 : The number of hydrogen atoms is maximum in alkane.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation
for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
More than one correct:
5. Two gases A and B which react according to the equation
aA(g) + bB(g) ¾® cC(g) + dD(g)
to give two gases C and D are taken (amount not known) in an Eudiometer tube (operating at a constant
Pressure and temperature) to cause the above.
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If on causing the reaction there is no volume change observed then which of the following statement is/are
correct.
(A) (a + b) = (c + d)
(B) average molecular mass may increase or decrease if either of A or B is present in limited amount.
(C) Vapour Density of the mixture will remain same throughout the course of reaction.
(D) Total moles of all the component of mixture will change.

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6. 20 ml mixture of C3H8 and CO gas when burnt in excess of oxygen produce 40 ml CO2 gas. Choose
the correct statement(s). (Volume of gases measured under same T & P)
(A) Volume of C3H8 in the mixture is 15 ml
(B) Volume of CO in the mixture is 10 ml
(C) Total volume contraction due to combustion is 35 ml.
(D) The volume of oxygen used for combustion is 75 ml
7. 10 ml of a gaseous mixture containing C2Hx and C3H8 exactly requires 40 ml O2 for complete combustion
and produces 25 ml CO2 and 30 ml H2O vapour. The correct information (s) is/are -
(A) Total volume contraction = 5 ml
(B) Volume contraction due to combustion of C2Hx = 0
(C) x = 4
(D) Volume of C2Hx in the initial mixture = 5 ml
8. 100 ml mixture of CO and CO2 mixed with 30 mL of O2 and sparked in eudiometer tube. The residual
gas after treatment with aq. KOH has a volume of 10 mL which remains unchanged when treated
with alkaline pyrogallol. If all the volumes are under the same conditions, point out correct options(s):
(A) The volume of CO that reacts, is 60 mL
(B) The volume of CO that remains unreacted, is 10 mL
(C) The volume of O2 that remains unreacted, is 10 mL
(D) The volume of CO2 that gets absorbed by [Link], is 90 mL.
Paragraph for Q.9 to Q.11
For the given series of reaction
4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) ¾¾
® 4NO (g) + 6H2O (l)
2NO (g) + O2 (g) ¾¾
® 2NO2 (g)
9. If 20 ml of NH3 is mixed with 100 ml of O2. Volume contraction at the completion of above reactions
is
(A) 20 ml (B) 85 ml (C) 35 ml (D) 100 ml
10. To obtain maximum mass of NO2 from a given mass of a mixture of NH3 and O2, the ratio of mass
of NH3 to O2 should be
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4 17 17
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
7 56 40

11. Total volume of O2 used if 20 ml NH3 is mixed with 100 ml O2

(A) 40 (B) 60 (C) 35 (D) None of these

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Table type question :
Column-I Column-II Column-III
(Gas taken) (O2 needed for complete (Contraction in
combustion) volume)
(1) 20 ml C2H4 (i) 60 ml (I) 50 ml
(2) 25 ml C3H4 (ii) 100 ml (II) 40 ml
(3) 30 ml C2H6 (iii) 70 ml (III) 75 ml
(4) 35 ml CH4 (iv) 105 ml (IV) 70 ml
All volumes are measured at 25ºC and 1 atm.
12. Which of the following is correct match -
(A) 1 – i – II (B) 1 – iii – IV (C) 2 – iv – II (D) 2 – ii – III

13. Which of the following is correct match -

(A) 3 – iii – III (B) 3 – iv – III (C) 4 – iii – III (D) 4 – iv – IV

14. Which of the following is incorrect (One or more than one correct)
(A) 2 – ii – I (B) 4 – iii – IV (C) 3 – iv – IV (D) 1 – iii – II
Match the column :
15. Gaseous alkane (CnH2n+2) exploded with oxygen. Ratio of the mol of O2 for complete combustion
to the mole of CO2 formed is given in column-I & in column II formula is given.
Column-I Column-II
(A) 7:4 (P) C3H8
(B) 2:1 (Q) C4H 10
(C) 5:3 (R) C2 H 6
(D) 13 : 8 (S) CH 4
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ANSWER-KEY
EXERCISE # S-I
1. Ans. 60 ml 2. Ans. 140 ml 3. Ans. 30 ml
4. Ans. 70 ml 5. Ans. (10)
6. Ans. NO = 44 ml ; N2O = 16 ml 7. Ans. 10 ml
8. Ans. C2H2 = 6 ml, CO = 14 ml 9. Ans. 5 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml
10. Ans. CH4 = 4.5 ml, CO2 = 1.5 ml 11. Ans. (N2O5)
12. Ans. (alkene) 13. Ans. (C2H6)
14. Ans. (C2H6) 15. Ans. (3)
EXERCISE # S-II
1. Ans. (5) 2. Ans. (896 ml) 3. Ans. (8)
4. C2H2 = 16 ml, CO = 24 ml 5. C2H6O
EXERCISE # O-I
1. Ans. (D) 2. Ans. (2) 3. Ans. (B)
4. Ans. (B) 5. Ans. (C) 6. Ans. (A)
7. Ans. (D) 8. Ans. (B) 9. Ans. (A)
10. Ans. (B) 11. Ans. (C) 12. Ans. (D)
13. Ans. (B) 14. Ans. (C) 15. Ans. (B)

EXERCISE # O-II
1 Ans. (C) 2. Ans. (A) 3. Ans. (C)
4. Ans. (A) 5. Ans. (A,C) 6. Ans. (B,C)
7. Ans. (B,C,D) 8. Ans. (A,B,D) 9 Ans. (C)
10. Ans. (B) 11. Ans. (C) 12. Ans. (A)
13. Ans. (B) 14. Ans. (C,D)
15. Ans. A - R ; B - S ; C - P ; D - Q
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