LILOY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Liloy, Zamboanga del Niorte

Name: ________________________________________ Section: _________________ Score: ____________

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Analyzes the Arguments Used by the Writer/s in Manifestoes
QUARTER 2 – WEEK 1

MELC: Identify the different categories of manifestoes and Infer meaning from the arguments
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-3

Background of the Lesson

VOCABULARY LIST
Manifesto- a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances a set of ideas, opinions,
or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it most often concerns art, literature,
or politics.

Arguments- reasons or the reasoning given for or against a matter under discussion — compare evidence, proof
Reading latest articles such as those that are printed on newspapers and even those that are shown on the
television is a must- to- do thing that you should be concerned of because it helps you be acquainted with what is
happening around you. This might give you knowledge on the present societal and political issues such as the
dispute between the government and the leftist and the updates about the COVID- 19 Pandemic. It might also give
you idea on the updates about the trends in literature and the arts. Also, official statements of essential individuals
in our society must also be given consideration. But how would we know that you are reading the right thing?

It is where you need to learn about Manifesto.

Have you ever heard about a manifesto?

Manifesto is a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances a set of ideas,
opinions, or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any topic, it most often concerns art,
literature, or politics. Manifesto are generally written in the name of a group sharing a common perspective,
ideology, or purpose rather than in the name of a single individual.

Table 1. Major Categories of Manifesto according to FIRSTPOST.com

Major Categories of Manifesto CHARACTERISTIC
A goal can be a manifesto when we share it with other people. It’s public, it’s
1. Goal
a declaration and it’s about what one intends to have happened.
A manifesto containing set of rules for behaving within a specific context or
2. List and Rules
a list of items to be achieved or tasks to be fulfilled.
This type of manifesto aims to create a new world. It’s not about simple
rules, instead, it presents a vision for the future. A solemn declaration by
the constituted authorities of a nation which contains the reason for its
3. World
public acts towards another. On the declaration of war, a manifesto is
usually issued in which the nation declaring war states the reasons for so
doing.
If you are going to notice the highlighted words from the characteristics of the different categories of
manifesto, the common thing about them is that a, MANIFESTO or the writer of a manifesto, aims for a change in
state or in other words, the author is trying to convince the reader to believe the concept that he/she is trying to
convey by giving arguments or logical reasons that will catch the attention of the reader and eventually believing it.
How are these changes carried out with just the use of written words? - It is when the author provides
reasons accompanied with evidences to prove the belief, they wanted the reader to believe in or the so- called
arguments.
As a reader, the challenge however lies on how will you understand the meaning that the author or writer
wanted you to know.
How will you know the arguments presented?

 Arguments is defined as a reason or the reasoning given for or against a matter under discussion — compare
evidence, proof
Let’s take a few moments to review your past lesson about arguments
A statement can only be considered an argument if it presents proof or evidences, however if it does not, it
is only a mere opinion.
Activity
TASK 1. Directions: Read the following content carefully and identify the major category of manifesto and explain
briefly why it is so. Write your answers in separate paper. (10 pts each)
Example:
In the recent years, Filipino martial arts have been appropriated by a number of Hollywood action
films. Tom Cruise (Mission Impossible 2), Angelina Jolie (Tomb Raider: Cradle of Life) and Matt Damon
(Bourne Series) utilized the Pinoy Fighting form or one of its many variants. (Pepper Marcelo)
Answer: Category- Goal
Explanation: The manifesto is about the Filipino Martial Arts being known in other countries. If you are a
Filipino, this idea would be something that you dream to happen and would want to happen. It
belongs to the category GOAl since the assertion made by the writer is a situation that is
positive for everyone.

1. “The National Democratic Front of the Philippines and the broad masses of the people themselves need to
refrain from launching tactical offensiveness to gain more time and opportunity to fight the COVID- 19
pandemic and to look after the health and power- all welfare of the people in both urban and rural areas.”-
Jose Maria “Joma” Sison, exiled founder of the Communist Party of the Philippines.
Answer:
Explanation:

2. How to vote on election day in 12 easy steps

Step 1: Go to your assigned polling precinct from 6 a.m. to 5 p.m. on May 9 The Commission on Election
(Comelec) advises voters to come early and not wait until the last minute. Look for your name in the
voters list posted near the precinct. The Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV)
voter’s assistance desk in the polling place can also help you look for your precinct, sequence, and
room number.
Step 2: Fall in line in the holding area
Step 3: Give your name, valid I.D., and precinct number to the Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs)
Step 4: Get your ballot, ballot secrecy folder, marker, and go to the voting area make sure your ballot is
clean of any marks.
Step 5: Vote wisely. Under voting and abstaining is allowed; overvoting is not. If you overvote, the vote will
not be counted. Shade the entire oval corresponding to your candidate of choice. Cover your ballot
using the ballot secrecy folder; even the poll watchers and BEI cannot look at your ballot. Do not
make any other marks on the ballot.
Step 6: Feed your ballot into the vote-counting machine. The machine has a green check button that casts
your vote and a red "X" button that returns your ballot. If you don't press either in one second, the
machine automatically casts your ballot and prints a receipt.
Step 7: Return the ballot secrecy folder and marker
Step 8: Wait for your receipt to print and let the precinct supervisor cut your receipt from the machine Do
not tear or pull the voter's receipt because it can cause the entire roll of thermal paper to be yanked,
which may cause the vote-counting machines (VCMs) to temporarily shut down. The BEI will cut the
receipt using a pair of scissors. www.shsph.blogspot.com
Step 9: Have your right forefinger marked with indelible ink
Step 10: Take your voter's receipt and verify your vote
Step 11: Drop the receipt in the receptacle beside the VCM provided by Comelec
Step 12: Leave the polling precinct
Answer:
Explanation
3. . As adults, we can accept bad language on TV programs, as long as it relates to the program in question (i.e.
drama series or films). However, children should not have to hear that sort of language. I’m not a prude by
any means, but I find it really depressing when I hear children from children to toddler age and up using foul
language. Of course, they learn this from their parents and other family members, but let’s minimize their
exposure by keeping it out of children’s programs. - Karen, UK (BBC Online)
Answer:
Explanation:
Task 2 Directions: In two paragraphs, write your reaction on a separate sheet of paper to the arguments presented
by the writer in the manifesto below. Use the questions below as guide in writing your reaction. (20pts.)
A. Is the argument generally logically acceptable?
B. Are the evidences presented realistic?
C. Is the argument leading to the development of society?

Video Games Adversely Affect Children’s Brains

By: Rafael Castillo
A lot of children in the Philippines and worldwide are crazy about video game play (VGP). Some
parents even encourage it with the belief that it can increase their children’s dexterity and could even
improve their IQ. We now have robust scientific data indicating this impression to be erroneous. Although
some scientific studies suggest that VGP may improve certain types of visual agility skills, negative effects of
VGP outweigh them, with unfavorable effects on verbal memory, attention, sleep, learning and
comprehension. Most children regularly engaging in VGP have demonstrated by sophisticated imaging
studies that the release of the hormone dopamine is increased, which is associated with most types of
addiction. A high level of dopamine makes one experience pleasure. Repeated exposure to an addictive
substance or behavior such as playing video games conditions the brain cells in key areas like the prefrontal
cortex—the area of the brain involved in planning and executing tasks—to crave and go after the substance
or behaviour causing the release of dopamine. The end result is being “addicted” to the source of pleasure,
and in our children’s case—addiction to video games. Some scientists describe the effect of video games as
“hijacking the pleasure center,” which is the same reward circuit in the brain involved with motivation and
memory. Since an addictive behavior like VGP stimulates the same circuit, this part becomes “hijacked and
overloaded,” unfavorably affecting the child’s memory, learning and motivation to acquire other knowledge
and skills. Hence, for many children, they may prefer playing their video games than doing their school
assignments or reviewing for their exams.
Source: Excerpts from, Rafael Castillo, “Video Games Adversely Affect Children’s Brains,” 2015, www.
Inquirer.net

Rubric for Grading task 2

Reflection:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
References:
https://newsinfo-inquirer-net.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/newsinfo.inquirer.net/129864/covid-19-swab-test-not-
required-for-returning-stranded-individuals-dilg/amp
https://www.britannica.com/topic/manifesto
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/argument

Prepared by: Checcked by:

Mon Rey B. Duran and Christilyn Soriano Liezl T. Jatico
Teacher II HT – III
 LILOY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Liloy, Zamboanga del Niorte

Name: ________________________________________ Section: __________________ Score: ____________

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Defends a Stand on an Issue by Presenting Reasonable Arguments Supported by Properly cited Factual Evidences
QUARTER 2 – WEEK 2

MELC: determine different kinds of logical fallacy, identify factors on authenticity and validity of
evidences/information, present reasonable arguments and factual evidences to defend a stand
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-4
Background of the Lesson
VOCABULARY LIST:
Let’s enrich your vocabulary with these terms that you will encounter throughout this lesson.
● Stand - viewpoint
● Claims - these are statements that support the author’s stand; ARGUMENT
● Evidences - these are proofs or evidences to strengthen the author’s claim
● Fallacy - an error in reasoning which weakens an argument
● Counterclaims – arguments opposing a stand

In everyday life, people take sides and form opinions on anything that involves them. However, defending your point by
simply saying, “Because I think so” won’t help you make a case. When we face an issue and are challenged to make a
stand, it is necessary for us to support it with logical arguments. It is therefore important that you learn how to properly
outline your thoughts and make valid arguments.

What are these logical fallacies? Why is there a need for you to be familiar with it?
A. LOGICAL FALLACIES are ERRORS IN REASONING that INVALIDATE AN ARGUMENT. As a
critical thinker you have to identify and examine fallacies and manipulative language. It is therefore important
that you know some of the common fallacies.

Study the types of fallacy and its example:

Fallacy Description Example
Occurs when an arguer presents his/her Either you fully devote yourself to company or
argument as one of only two options you quit.
False Dilemma
despite the presence of multiple
possibilities
Occurs when something is instantly The writer does not talk about the connection
Appeal to Ignorance concluded to be true just because it is between the victim’s killer and his sister, so
not proven to be false, and vice versa there must be none.
Occurs when a series of increasingly If we ban computer shops, then students will
superficial and unacceptable not be able to do research. And if they do not
Slippery Slope
consequences is drawn have tools for research, these students will
fail their subjects.
Occurs when two or more points are “Have you stopped cheating on exams?”
rolled into one and the reader is
Complex Question expected to accept or reject both at the
same time, when one point may be
satisfactory while the other is not
Occurs when a threat, instead of If you do not admit that evolution is not real,
Appeal to Force
reasoning is used to argue we will isolate you from the group.
Occurs when the element of pity is used Please do not fire me for being absent all
Appeal to Pity instead of logical reasoning month; I have a sick mother and a special
child to support.
Occurs when unpleasant consequences You can’t believe that colonialism is bad,
Appeal to
of believing something are pointed out because if it were, then we would not be
Consequences
to show that the belief is false civilized.
Occurs when an argument is considered Most Filipinas want to have fair skin because
to be valid because it is what the they think they look beautiful. Therefore,
Bandwagon
majority thinks having fair skin must be the real standard of
beauty
Occurs when someone tries to refute an I cannot accept your argument because,
argument by attacking the character of unlike me, you were not educated at Harvard
Attacking the Person
a person instead of attacking the ideas University.
of the argument
 Occurs when the argument quotes an Bill Gates, the co-founder of Microsoft,
Appeal to Authority expert who’s not qualified in the recommends the effective fabric softening
particular subject matter properties of Downy fabric softener
The authority in question is not Experts claim that eating peanuts causes
Anonymous Authority
mentioned or named pimples.
Occurs when a sample is not significant Martha, the foreigner from France is very
Hasty Generalization enough to support a generalization impolite. French people are mean and rude.
about a population
Occurs when a writer assumes that two Drugs are like massages: they make you feel
False Analogy concepts that are similar in some ways good.
are also similar in other ways
Occurs when a general rule is applied to Jaywalking is not allowed, so you should not
Accident a situation, even when it should be an have done that even when you were being
exception chased by terrorists.
It is an informal fallacy that states: Dina saw cat when they went home. Along
“Since event A followed event B, event the way, they crashed into a tree. The black
Post Hoc
A must have been caused by event B.” cat must be the reason why they met an
accident.
Occurs when the direction between Liver damage leads to alcoholism.
Wrong Direction
cause and effect is reversed
Occurs when the explanation for an We were not able to solve the problem
event is reduced to one thing when because of limited time, even if all the other
Complex Cause
there are other factors which also groups were able to do so
contributed to the event
Occurs when an argument which is We must support the fight for gender equality
Irrelevant Conclusion supposed to prove something concludes
something else instead
Occurs when the position of the Opponent: We should relax the law governing
opposition is twisted so that it is easier the allowed smoking areas in the city. Fallacy:
Straw Man
to refute We should not do so, because the number of
smokers might increase.
Any argument of the form: If A is true If you are drinking wine, you have a problem.
Affirming the
then B is true; If B is true therefore A is Therefore, if you have a problem, you are
Consequen
true drinking wine
Any argument of the form: If A is true If you are drinking wine, you have a problem.
Denying the
then B id true; If A is not true then B is Therefore, if you are not drinking wine, you
Antecedent
not true do not have a problem.
Occurs when arguments contradict one Frank is older than Jake, Jake is older than
Inconsistency
another Noli and Noli is older than Frank.

Source: Barrot, J. T. (2016). Academic Reading & Writing for Senior High School. C&E Publishing, I
DIRECTIONS: Read each statement below and identify what it describes by choosing the word in the word pool.
Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. (2pts each)
1. These are errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument.
2. It occurs when the direction between cause and effect is reversed.
3. It occurs when an arguer presents his/her argument as one of only two options despite the presence of multiple
possibilities.
4. We must support the clean and green program of the government. Mountaineers have suffered climbing on the
mountains.
5. I cannot accept your argument because unlike me, you were not educated at Harvard University.
6. We were not able to solve the problem because of limited time even if all the other groups were able to do so.
7. It occurs when an argument is considered to be valid because it is what the majority thinks.
8. It occurs when a writer assumes that two concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in other ways.
9. Juan saw a black cat when they went home. Along the way, they crashed into a tree.The black cat must be the
reason why they met an accident.
10. It occurs when a sample is not significant or enough to support a generalization about a population.
REFLECTION: Why is it important to study about fallacy?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
References: Barrot, J. T. (2016). Academic Reading & Writing for Senior High School. C&E
Barrot, J, T. & Sipacio P.J (2016). Communicative Today English for Academic and Professional Purposes for Senior
High School. C&E Publishing, Inc.
English for Academic and Professional Purposes Teacher’s Guide

Prepared by: Mon Rey B. Duran and Christilyn Soriano Checcked by: Liezl T. Jatico
Teacher II HT – III
 LILOY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Liloy, Zamboanga del Niorte

Name: ________________________________________ Section: __________________ Score: ____________

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Defends a Stand on an Issue by Presenting Reasonable Arguments Supported by Properly cited Factual Evidences
QUARTER 2 – WEEK 3
Continuation of Week 2 Discussion

MELC: determine different kinds of logical fallacy, identify factors on authenticity and validity of
evidences/information, present reasonable arguments and factual evidences to defend a stand
CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIa-d-2

Background of the Lesson

B. FACTORS ON AUTHENTICITY AND VALIDITY OF EVIDENCES/INFORMATION
While there is a wealth of information found in various sources electronically or nonelectronically, you
should also keep in mind that not all of these pieces of information are accurate, relevant, valid or
credible. Hence, it is important to evaluate sources of information that you plan to include in your
academic writing venture.

Note: There is always a risk that the sources taken from the Internet or anywhere else have biased or
incorrect information, so you have to evaluate and filter your sources before using them. The following
are some of the criteria assessing whether the source is suitable to use for academic purposes. The
criteria include relevance, authority, currency, contents and location of sources.

1. Relevance of the Source

● How well does the source support your stand?
● You can check the title, table of contents, summary, introduction or headings of the text to have a
sense of its content.
2. Authority/Author’s Qualifications
● Is the author’s name identified?
● Is the author’s background, education or training related to the topic?
● If the source does not have an author, think twice before using it.
● Legitimate academic texts must include citations. Citations demonstrate that the writer has
thoroughly researched the topic and is not plagiarizing the material.
3. Currency/Date of Publication
● What is the date of the publication?
● In most fields, the data from the older publications may no longer be valid. As much as possible, the
date pf publication should be at most five years earlier.
4. Contents/Accuracy of Information
● Does the author have a lot of citations in his or her text and/or bibliography or works cited section?
● You do not want to use source that is disputable, so make sure to verify your findings with multiple
sources.
5. Location of Sources
● Where was the source published? Was it published digitally or in print?
● Is it a book, an academic journal or a reputable news source as www.nytimes.com or
www.economist.com?
● Does it provide complete publication information such as author/s, editor/s, title, date of publication
and publisher?
● What is the URL of the website?
● Avoid using blogs or personal homepage and wiki sites (Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquotes)
● If the URL includes the top-level domain .edu, then that means that it has been published by an
academic institution such as university
● Common URLs include .gov (government), .org (organizations), .com (commercial sites) and .net
(network infrastructures). In academic writing, reputable sites are those with .edu, .gov, .net and .org in
URL.
Source: Barrot, J, T. & Sipacio P.J (2016). Communicative Today English for Academicand Professional Purposes for Senior High School. C&E Publishing, Inc

C. PRESENTATION OF REASONABLE ARGUMENTS AND FACTUAL EVIDENCES TO DEFEND

A STAND
Guidelines in presentation of reasonable arguments and factual evidences to defend a stand:
● C - ontains a clear proposition or statement that must be defended
● A - ssesses conflicting opinions or opposing views on the issue
● T - akes a firm stand on the issue
 ● L - ists arguments in an organized manner to defend the stand
● C -onsider your audience/reader

ACTIVITY
Task 1: Modified True or False (2pts each)
DIRECTIONS: Write T if the statement is true. If it is false change the underlined word with the correct one.

___ 1. The criteria for assessing whether a source is suitable to use for academic purposes are: relevance, authority,

currency contents and references.

___ 2. Sources not written by experts are not valid.

___ 3. Sources published online should always be used as reference.

___ 4. Sources that are personal and editable such as blogs and Wikipedia are acceptable.

___ 5. Sources that have no relevance to your academic paper should not be used.

___ 6. Evidence from surveys, library research and experiments can strengthen your argument.

___ 7. Evidence from informant interviews (those who have direct experience related to the problem/issue is

acceptable.

___ 8. Evidence from expert interviews is credible.

___ 9. Outdated sources should not be considered.

Task 2: Who-one
DIRECTIONS: Fill out the box with the needed information. Have a brief yet clear answer (5pts. Each)

Situation Your mother is in critical condition while laboring your youngest sibling and
according to the doctor only one has the chance to survive. Because of this, the
doctor is asking you to decide as to who should be kept alive.
Stand /
Position

Explanation

Evidence

Conclusion

REFLECTION:
After you accomplish the task go back to the guidelines earlier. Assess your output in Task 4. Are you reminded with
the logical fallacies? Did you use powerful explanation or argument? Did you use the C.A.T.L.C?

References: Valdez, P. N. M. (2016). English for the Globalized Classroom Series: English for Academic and Professional
Purposes. The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
: Barrot, J. T. (2016). Academic Reading & Writing for Senior High School. C&E
Barrot, J, T. & Sipacio P.J (2016). Communicative Today English for Academic and Professional Purposes for
Senior High School. C&E Publishing, Inc.
English for Academic and Professional Purposes Teacher’s Guide

Prepared by: Checcked by:

Mon Rey B. Duran and Christilyn Soriano Liezl T. Jatico

Teacher II HT – III