SUPERVISORS TOOL BOX TALKS

THIS MATERIAL IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE

PROJECT ENGINEERS/SUPERVISORS WITH
SUFFICIENT INFORMATION TO ENABLE THEM
TO COMPLETE TOOLBOX MEETINGS WITH THE
CONTRACT PERSONNEL UNDER THEIR CHARGE.

INTRODUCTION

The toolbox talk must be relevant to the work to be performed. The

information provided in this material is a basic mandatory guidelines.
Additional information could be added as necessary.

The number of personnel attending must be recorded in the respective format

by the supervisor in charge of the group.

It is a fundamental duty for supervisors to provide such information,

training, PPE and instruction as may be required to ensure the health
and safety of all employees at work irrespective of cooperation.

Safety briefings should already by an important part of any responsible

supervisors approach before he assigns duties to his operatives for any
particular operation.

It is therefore the intention of SUPERVISOR to offer the enclosed “Tool Box

Talk” topic material to all site personnel on regular basis, over 10-15
minutes. “Tool Box Talks” and be given by the first line supervisors in charge
of the work.

Manager in charge of that work to ensure the toolbox has been conducted
regularly at their site.

SUPERVISORS ALWAYS LEAD BY EXAMPLE

Page 1 of 52
CONSOLIDATED CONSTRUCTION CONSORTIUM LTD
ISO 9001 - 2000

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

POLICY
Consolidated Construction Consortium Ltd. recognizes Health, Safety
and Environment as among the highest goals and objectives. The
management is fully committed to address all the areas to provide and
maintain healthy and safe working environment to all employees and
to meet the requirement of the Customers.

The responsibility for implementing this policy is assigned with all line
Managers and other staffs; they are expected to be responsible for
their actions, including those, which may impact others.

Employees are encouraged to discuss openly on their concerns and

issues about hazards and impacts on their work, wastes or services.
Employees are expected to work safely and maintain clean, healthy
and safe working condition.

The Objectives are;

 Strive continuously for zero accident to personnel, material and

other assets with a vision that all accidents can be prevented;
 Comply with all applicable legislation and regulations and work with
authorities, customers and communities to enhance safety and
healthy environment;
 Minimize the noise level and emission of harmful gases in meeting
the statutory requirements;
 Provide a safe and conducive working environment and educate,
train, communicate and motivate the employees to enable them to
perform their activities in a competent, safe, healthy and
environmentally responsible manner;
 Achieve customer satisfaction through continual improvement in
HSE.

20.01.06 R. Sarabeswar

Page 2 of 52
 Chennai
Chairman & CEO

LIST OF TOOLBOX TALKS & CONTENTS

1. Good Housekeeping.
2. Safety Advice to Employees.
3. General Duties of Employees at Work.
4. Personal Safety Points.
5. Manual Handling.
6. Hand Tools.
7. Safe Use of Ladders.
8. Do’s and Don’ts on Scaffold.
9. Working on Scaffold.
10. Electricity.
11. Fire.
12. Eye protection.
13. Portable electric tools
14. Abrasive wheels
15. Dumper drivers
16. Excavation work
17. Excavator operators
18. Banksmen / riggers
19. Slings
20. Chains
21. Shackles
22. Hooks & eye bolts
23. Man basket operators
24. Mobile crane operators
25. Compressed gas cylinder
26. Working with compressed air tools
27. Check list for safe use of chemicals on site
28. Protect your hearing

Page 3 of 52
 ADVICE TO SUPERVISORS

Study the CCCL HSE policy which lays down the organizations arrangements
for the health and safety of persons you care.

As a supervisor you are the link between Senior Management and Operatives
and you have a direct responsibility for ensuring that the HSE Policy is
implemented by yourself and personnel under your control.

When given instructions, ensure that: -

There is a safe means of access to his work place.

The work place is safe.
There is a safe system of work.
Any plant and equipment required to do the work is safe and suitable.

When protective equipment and clothing is needed by personnel ensure that it

is available, issued and used correctively.

In nearly all accidents unsafe conditions and/or unsafe acts play a prominent
part.

UNSAFE CONDITIONS INCLUDE: -

a. Equipment improperly guarded.

b. Defective equipment.
c. Unsafe clothing, footwear, eye protection.
d. Improper ventilation.
e. Unsafe design or construction.
f. Improper storage of LPG.
g. Improper shoring.
h. Defective electrical installations.
i. Etc.,

UNSAFE ACTS INCLUDE: -

a. Operating plant and equipment without authority.

b. Operating at an unsafe speed.
c. Making safety devices inoperative.
d. Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely.
e. Loading or placing unsafely.
f. Being in an unsafe position.
g. Working on moving or dangerous equipment.
h. Horseplay.
i. Not using personnel protective equipment.

Page 4 of 52
 j. Etc.,

You have responsibility to ALL personnel, including subcontractors, to ensure

that they recognize and avoid any unsafe acts and conditions.

Dangerous occurrences, must be immediately investigated and remedial

action taken necessary.

Every injury, no matter how slightly it may appear, should be immediately

reported to you. Ensure that prompt first-aid treatment is given by the person
nominated to administer first-aid, and that an entry is made in the Accident
book by that person.

SUPERVISORS

CONSTRUCTION SITE BASIC SAFETY CHECK LIST

Is it Safe? – Locate unsafe conditions or practices and take steps to correct

them before anyone hurts.

Safe Access: - Are roads, gangways, passageways, hoist, staircase and

scaffold properly fit and free from obstruction? Are openings properly
guarded?

Ladders: - Are ladders in good condition and properly angled and secured
with adequate hand-hold at place of landing?

Scaffold: - Is the scaffolding erected with toe boards and guard rails fitted?
Do not overload and ensure that loads are evenly distributed. Has it been
inspected within the last seven days and the result recorded?

Electricity: - Are apparatus, wires, cables and connections very sound?

Check for overhead electrical lines or underground cables and take
appropriate actions if present. Make maximum use of reduced voltage
equipment.

Manual Handling: - Ensure the loads are handled and lifted properly, that
gloves are used where necessary and that loads are not to heavy to
handle manually.

Fire Risks: - Are there adequate fire-extinguishers and exits? Are proper
precautions taken for storing and handling highly inflammable liquids,
compressed gases and other combustible material.

General: - Are personnel who are required to operate power tools, plant or
machinery adequately trained/or instructed in the correct techniques and
procedures?

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 The following safety points are presented when giving
Safety Toolbox Talks

1. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING

a) We should regard good housekeeping at work place as same

importance at “Home”. Do not always rely on others to clear things up,
it is as easy to put tools away tidily than leaving them laying around
benches, or the floor, or scaffolding, resting on pipes or other positions.
They can create a tripping hazard, fall onto a person or to be damaged
in a fall, “A place for everything and everything in its place”.

b) If dismantling anything, stack parts away neatly and tidily. Do not leave
materials in gangways, they could cut off someone’s escape route or
cause a tripping hazard. If dismantling anything constructed of wood,
make sure all nails are removed. If this is not possible hammer nails
flat, making sure that no parts are left protruding that could cause injury
to fellow employees. Damaged lengths or parts of wood should be
cleared as those also present hazards.

c) All rubbish should be placed in dust bins or skips to be removed. In this

way, should a fire occur, it can be confined to a small area and dealt
with quickly and efficiently, thus preventing the fire spreading,
especially in high winds.

d) If tools get damaged, get them repaired or replaced. Do not leave them
lying around to cause hazards.

e) When finishing the work hand over tools and equipments to the store.
Don’t just leave things hoping that they’ll be there when you return.

f) If you notice rubbish piling up which you cannot remove, bring this to
the attention of your supervisor who will make arrangements to have it
removed.

g) Should you be working at height and notice loose objects on boards or

walkways, put them somewhere where they cannot be dislodged. They
could fall and injure someone.

h) Main access way free from obstructions and tidy

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2. GENERAL RULE TO EMPLOYEES

a) Study the safety policy which explains the arrangements made for your
health and safety.

b) You have a legal duty to take reasonable care of your own health and
safety while at work.

c) You also have a legal duty regarding the health and safety of the
people you work with.

d) When protective clothing and /or equipment is issued for your use –
wear and/or use it as instructed.

e) Play your part in keeping the site TIDE AND SAFE.

f) Watch out for warning notices and OBEY the warnings given.

g) Always keep alert if you are working in the vicinity of mobile plant.

h) Never attempt to operate a machine unless you have been trained and
authorized to do so.

i) Never ride on machines that have no passenger seat.

j) Never interfere with ladders or alter scaffolding or move boards unless

you are properly authorized to do so.

k) Never throw anything from scaffolding or any height. Low it properly.

l) Don’t take short cuts, use the access provided.

m) Lifting heavy objects or materials can cause injury. Obtain assistance

when necessary.

n) Report any defects or damage to ladders, scaffolding, plant or tools, or

any other unsafe circumstances, to your supervisor once.

o) Report all accidents/incidents, however it involve injury or not.

p) If in doubt about your job ask your in-charge/Supervisor.

q) All materials which would liable to cause injury if they fall should be
stacked or stored properly so as to prevent easy displacement.

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3. GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES

It shall be the duty of every employee while at work……..

a) To take reasonable care for the health and safety

of himself and other persons who may be affected by his acts or
omissions at work and OFF DUTY.

b) As regards any duty or requirement imposed on

his employer or any other person by or under any of the relevant
statutory provisions, to cooperate with him so far as it is necessary to
enable that duty or requirement to be performed or complied with.

c) No person shall intentionally or recklessly interfere

with or misuse anything provided in the interest of Health, Safety or
Welfare in pursuance of any of the relevant statutory provisions.

4. PERSONAL SAFETY POINTS

a) Don’t take chances – carry out instructions.

b) If you don’t know ask.
c) Rectify or report all unsafe conditions.
d) Use correct tools and equipments.
e) Help to keep the work place neat and tidy.
f) Have all injuries, however slight, properly attended to.
g) Obey all safety rules and signs.
h) Use only those tools you are authorized to do so.
i) Don’t horseplay or distract others.
j) Wear the protective clothing/equipment provided for your safety.
k) Don’t start machinery unless authorized and without the guard I place.
l) Don’t leave tools on the floor or where they can fall on people below.

YOU MAY BE ALRIGHT BUT THINK YOUR MATES.

5. MANUAL HANDLING

a) Where possible wear gloves to protect against cuts, scratches or

punctures.
b) Wear safety boots or shoes to protect toe from falling loads.
c) Size up the load, if necessary makes a trial lift.
d) Do not attempt to lift alone if any load that is too heavy, too large or
awkward.

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 e) See that there is no obstructions in the direction you will be going.
f) Take up position, feet hip breadth apart; one foot slightly advanced
positioning in direction it is intend to move.
g) Bent the knees, back muscles should be relaxed.
h) Get a secure grip of the load.
i) Lift, keeping the back straight, arms close to body, leg muscles taking
the strain.
j) Step off in direction advanced foot is pointing, held the load close to the
body.
k) Do not carry a load which obscures the vision.
l) When lifting a height from the floor do it in two stages.

6. HAND TOOLS

a) Use the right size spanner to fit the nut.

b) See that every file has a handle.
c) Avoid chisels and punches with mushroom heads.
d) Keep hammer heads tightly wedged on their shafts.
e) Renew wooden handle that are split.
f) Keep the edges of cutting tools sharp.
g) Keep hands behind cutting edges when working.
h) Don’t use screw drivers on work held in the hand.
i) Keep tools in boxes or racks when not in use.
j) Protect sharp edges of the tools that are to be stored or carried.
k) Scrap tools that are worn or damaged beyond repair.
l) Always use the correct tools for the job.

GOOD TOOLS MEANS FASTER AND SAFER WORKING.

7. SAFE USE OF LADDERS

WHY DO PEOPLE FALL FROM LADDERS?

A recent study of 433 falls from fixed and portable ladders disclosed: -

1. 277 cases where the ladder slipped. 180 cases where the ladder remained
stable. 24 cases where there was a structural defect in the ladder or its
anchorage, 2 cases where the ladder was struck by a vehicle.

The dominating factors where ladders remained stable were: -

a) 81 foot slipped on rung.

b) 36 carrying tools or materials.
c) 18 missed footing
d) 5 obstruction partway or materials
e) 5 lost grip
f) 2 struck by falling material.
g) 14 overbalanced
h) 7 jumped off to avoid other hazards.
i) 12 overreached.

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WHAT CAN BE DONE TO REDUCE THE RISK?

a) See that the ladder cannot slip.

b) Ensure that the ladders are tied near the top.
c) Keep rungs and footwear clean.
d) Use both hands when climbing or descending.
e) Ladders stacked, to prevent slipping to sideways and outwards.
f) Set ladders at correct angle.(75%)
g) Extend the ladder 1 meter above the platform.
h) Always check the ladders before and after use, report any
defects immediately.
i) Never use a make shift ladder.
j) Don’t use ladders with cracked or broken rungs or other
defects.
k) Don’t overreach from a ladder- always moves it.
l) Don’t stand a ladder on a drum or box, or other unsteady base.
m) Never overload a ladder, or support it on bottom rungs on a
plank.
n) Don’t use ladders that are too short.
o) Don’t obstruct the access onto or off a ladder by leaving
materials/rubbish at the top/bottom.

8. DO’S AND DON’T’S ON SCAFFOLD

a) Don’t remove any scaffold tie yourself, unless you are a scaffolder.
b) Don’t leave a section of scaffold platform without a guardrail or toe
board.
c) Don’t remove cross braces from scaffolding.
d) Get the help of scaffolder for alteration if any.
e) Use a properly constructed platform or trestle.

9. WORKING ON SCAFFOLDING

a) Do not remove or interfere with the scaffolding in any way – especially

ties, guardrails, toe boards and ladder.

b) Do not use a scaffold while it is being erected or dismantled or in

anyway incomplete. Look out for warning notices and scaff tags.

c) Report any defects of scaffolding as soon as possible.

d) See the materials are always properly stacked and not in danger of
falling. Erect brick guards wherever required.

e) Do not overload a scaffold. Position stack by the standards, not

between them.

f) Do not leave tools or materials lying around on platforms.

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 g) Materials should never be thrown, tipped or dropped from heights, they
should always be lowered or disposal through properly constructed
chute.

h) Never climb or down scaffolding. Always use the ladders or stairs

provided.

i) Ensure that ladders are properly secured at the top, have a firm base,
extended at least 3’6” above the platform and are at an angle of
approximately 1 out to 4 up.

j) If a ladder has any rungs are missing or split stiles, report the fact to
your Supervisor and see that it is replaced. Do not climb the ladder.

k) Ladder rungs should not be used to support the ladder.

l) All ladders giving access to scaffolds or elevated areas must, when the
scaffold is unfit for use, be effectively blocked.

10. ELECTRICITY

a) Don’t monkey with electricity – if you don’t know, call an electrician.

b) Check for defective cables, plugs and sockets.
c) Never overload equipment.
d) Use the correct fuses.
e) Switch off before making repairs or adjustments.
f) Where possible keep loose cables off the floor.
g) Do not use lighting circuit for portable tools.
h) Disconnect appliances when not in use, Don’t withdraw a plug from a
socket by pulling the cable.
i) Keep all the equipments clean and dry.
j) Do not use appliances that are damaged or worn.
k) Avoid standing on wet floor when making adjustments.
l) Start artificial respiration immediately after a person collapses from
electric shock, and they have been removed from danger.

ELECTRICAL REPAIRS ARE ELECTRICIANS JOB.

11. FIRE

a) See that you know what to do in case of fire.

b) Make certain you know your escape routes.
c) Keep fire doors and shutters clear unobstructed.
d) Don’t obstruct access to fire extinguishers; learn how they operate –
read the labels or ask.
e) Don’t hang clothing over or near heating equipment.
f) Don’t let paper, oily rags or other rubbish accumulate.
g) Do not smoke in forbidden areas.
h) Use proper containers for flammable liquids, not open tins or buckets.

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 i) Handle flammable liquids at a safe distance from possible source of
ignition.
j) Check before and after using blowlamps, welding and cutting
equipment.
k) Switch off from the mains any electrical equipment when not in use.

12. EYE PROTECTION

a) A tiny fragment in your eyes can cause disaster.

b) Do not use dirty handkerchief.
c) You have a legal obligation to wear or use the eye protection provided
in accordance with regulations.
d) Even if you are not carrying out one of the specified processes you
may be at risk, so wear or use the eye protection provided.
e) Do not watch welding processes unless your eyes are properly
protected.
f) Do not go into the areas where eye protection is required unless you
are wearing eye protective equipment.
g) Take care of any protective equipment issued to you.
h) Have any damage, lost or unserviceable protective equipment replaced
immediately.
i) Make sure your eye protectors are suitable for you and for the work
being done.
j) Ensure that eye protectors are comfortable to wear and keep them
clean.
k) The place for eye protector is your eyes – not for head or round your
neck.
l) When removing your eye protection, make sure dirt or material
fragment do not fall back into your eyes.
m) If dirt or particles should come into contact with eyes, do not rub eyes.
Seek medical attention straight away. Rubbing your eyes can cause
further damage.
n) Remember – eye protectors are replaceable; your eyes are not.

13 PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS

a) Before using a portable electric tool, check to see it is properly earthed,

unless it is double insulated.
b) Before using an electric tool, make sure that the casing is free from
damage. If it is damaged, don’t use the tool.
c) Make sure that all cables, plugs or connectors are sound and properly
wired up.
d) Use only on the correct power supply as instructed on the maker’s
label. Make sure that the power cable is long enough to reach your
working place without straining it.

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 e) Keep power cables off the floor. They may get damaged or trip
somebody.
f) Never stand on a damp or wet surface when using electrical equipment
and keep the equipment clean and dry.
g) Portable electric tools should only be used for their designed purpose.
h) Never use worn, blunt or damaged bits or other accessories.
i) Disconnect tools when not in use.
j) Electric power tools should be regularly inspected and maintained by a
competent electrician.

REPORT ALL DEFECTS IMMEDIATELY

14. EXCAVATION WORK

a) Do not work in an excavation unless it is considered safe to do so by

your Foreman.
b) Use gangways provided for crossing excavations. Do not jump across.
c) Do not stand on struts.
d) Do not interfere with the positioning of barriers of supports in
excavations or trenches unless authorized to do so.
e) Ensure that manholes or other openings are covered or an effective
barrier is erected. Barriers to excavations must be at least 1m high.
f) Be careful of slipping when using ladders in trenches, especially in wet
and greasy conditions. All ladders must be secured and extend at
least 1.070 m (3’6”) above landing.
g) Keep walkways clear and free from rubbish at all times.
h) When vehicles are working near the edges of excavations, chocks
should be positioned to prevent tipping vehicles over-riding or falling in.
i) Never work in an excavation over 1.210 m (4”) in depth unless it is
timbered or battered to a safe angle or in solid rock.
j) Never work beyond the supported sides of an excavation. If an
excavating machine is being used, always face it.
k) Keep working areas above and alongside trenches or excavations,
clear of objects or loose materials.
l) Ensure timber for supporting trenches is sound. See that nails have
been removed or hammered down.
m) Always use hard barriers when close to vehicles.

15. EXCAVATOR OPERATORS

a) You must only operate machines of a type on which you have been
trained and authorized to use.
b) Do not use the machine as a crane.
c) See that your machine is serviceable and correctly maintained at all
times.
d) Check ground conditions before starting work. Find out the position of
any underground services in the working area.
e) Never carry passengers. It is illegal and unsafe.
f) Always keep a sharp look out for other persons and machines working
nearby. Use a banksman where necessary.

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 g) Look out for obstructions, especially overhead cables at all times.
h) Before leaving the machine for any reason always lowers the bucket
too the ground and make sure the brakes and safety locks are on.
i) On completion of work, ground the bucket and immobilize the machine.
j) Always ensure buckets, booms and jibs are supported when raised for
maintenance.
k) Report all defects immediately.
l) Work only with an authorized Banksman / Slinger and operate to his
signals. Do not react to signals from unauthorized persons, except in
an emergency.
m) Check for obstructions and men in the vicinity of the excavator before
slewing. Clearance of at least 0.609 m must as far as practicable be
maintained between moving parts of the crane and any nearby fixture.
n) Watch out for overhead power lines. Do not pass under unless within
the confines of “goals posts” and a banksman is in attendance.
o) Working alongside power lines should not be undertaken unless
authorized and closely supervised.
p) Before loading a vehicle ensure the driver is out cab unless the cab
has special protection.

A SENSIBLE WORKER VALUES HIS SIGHT

16 . RIGGERS

a) All riggers should be trained and authorized.

b) Check lifting gear daily and examine all wire ropes at frequent intervals
for kinks, frays and projecting needles.
c) No lifting gear must be used unless its safe working load is marked.
The combined weight of load to be lifted and lifting gear must never
exceed the safe working load of the crane.
d) Use only slings and lifting gear provided by your employer. Never use
improvised slings or single leg of a multiple leg sling.
e) Leads should be landed onto suitable bearers to avoid damage to
lifting gear and to facilitate removal.
f) Never tie knots in chains to shorten them get shorter slings.
g) Make sure the right pin is used in all shackles and that the pin is
properly screwed home.
h) All hooks must either be an approved “C” type or fitted with an effective
safety catch to prevent displacement of the lifting gear.
i) Protect wire ropes and slings with soft wood or other suitable packing
from the sharp edges of the load.
j) Always see that the crane hook is centrally placed over the load to
prevent swinging when the load is being raised.
k) Take your hands away from chains and ropes before the crane takes
the load and stand clear.
l) When signaling stand where you can see the load clearly and where
the operator can see you. Whenever possible face the operator.
m) Ensure that the load is lifted off the ground to see that it is free and
correctly slung before hoisting.

Page 14 of 52
 n) Wear a safety helmet and high visibility clothing.
o) Make your signals clearly and distinctly and always use the approved
Code Signals.
p) When the crane is operating do not leave the area unless you have
been relieved by a trained deputy.
q) When the crane is traveling ensure that your signal to the operator to
warm him of obstructions on the route or awkward comers.
r) Riding on loads is strictly prohibited.
s) Do not allow lifting gear to be used for other purposes, e.g., towing.
t) When not in use store your gear tidily off the ground.
u) Keep all persons not involved in the lifting operations away from the
immediate vicinity.
v) Is your lifting tackle being used under the correct and present Colour
Coded System?
___________________________________________

19. SLINGS

a) Use the right kind of sling for the job

b) Do not use fibre rope or wire slings for hot loads.
c) Check the safe working load marked on the sling.
d) Check the safe working load against the load to be lifted.
e) See that the sling is in good condition splices rings, thimbles.
f) See that there are no broken ends in wires and
g) No chafe on fibre ropes.
h) Be sure that the chains have been annealed and examined.
i) Do not stand under loads.
j) See the sling is properly adjusted on the load.
k) Safeguard your fellow-workers, use proper signals.
l) Return the sling to store after use.

ALWAYS WORK SAFELY

20. CHAINS

a) Select the right chain for the job. If in doubt-ask.

b) Check all chains before using. Report immediately any chain with
deformed, corroded, cracked or cut links.
c) Make sure that the chain is marked with its safe working loading.
d) Make sure that the chain is not kinked or twisted.
e) Immediately after use, return chains to store where they should be
properly stacked.
f) Use packing for chain slings when lifting anything with sharp edges.

DO NOT

g) Do not shorten a chain by knotting it.

h) Do not lengthen a chain by joining pieces together.

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 i) Do not lubricate chain slings, nor hoist chains if the lubricant is liable to
pick up sand or grill.
j) Do not drop chains on hard surfaces.
k) Do not leave chains where they can be run over or otherwise ill-treated.
l) Do not expose chains to acids or other corrosive substances.
___________________________________________

21. SHACKLES

a) Use the right type of shackle for the job in hand.

b) Check the safe working load of the shackle before use
c) Don’t use any shackle which is not marked with safe working load.
d) Examine bow and pin for damage or distortion. If in doubt destroy it.
e) Check bow and pin for excessive wear. Destroy when wear is 1/10 th or
more of original diameter.
f) Make sure pin is free, but not loose, in tapped hole.
g) Threads should be undamaged and without flats or appreciable wear.
h) Check alignment of holes. The untapped hole should not be too large
or worn
i) When using a shackle with “nut and bolt” pin the pin should be free to
rotate when nut is tight.
j) To prevent pins unscrewing, secure with a split pin if possible.
Alternatively, mouse with spun yard.
k) Don’t use a shackle where the pin can unscrew by rolling under the
load.

22. HOOKS & EYE BOLTS

Hooks :

a) Check for distortion. If in doubt, check dimensions against standard

tables or drawing.
b) If a hook has opened by more than 1/5th of original dimension destroy
it.
c) Examine carefully for cracks, cuts, dents, and corrosion pits.
d) Swivel hooks should rotate freely.
e) If swivel hook is welded in trunion, check shank for excessive wear and
the weld for deterioration
f) Always use hooks fitted with safety catch. Make sure the catch
operates freely.

Eye bolts :

a) Examine for damaged threads. If in doubt, check with thread gauge.

b) Check in standard tapped hole. Fit is most important.
c) Shoulder or collar should be flat, free from damage, and at right angles
to threaded portion

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 d) Check that center line of eye is central with threaded portion
e) Examine for crack, cuts, dents and corrosion pits.
f) Check eye for wear; if 1/10th more of diameter destroy it.

NEVER USE HOME-MADE HOOKS FOR EYE BOLTS

23. MOBILE CRANE OPERATORS

a) You must only operate machines of type on which you have been
trained and authorized to use.
b) Before operating, ensure that the machine is correctly maintained and
the weekly inspection register completed
c) Report all defects immediately. Check all wire ropes for wear at
frequent intervals.
d) Before operating, test check the safe load indicator and all crane
motions. Ensure crane is on firm and level ground. Use mats if
necessary.
e) Before hoisting ensure that the load is correctly slung, balanced and
secure.
f) Never exceed the safe working load. Obey warning devices and
notices.
g) When assessing the total load to be lifted, allow for the weight of the
appropriate lifting gear.
h) After the load is lifted a short distance completely clear of the ground,
stop and check the safe load indicator for possible overload before
continuing lift.
i) Always keep within the limits shown on the indicators when derricking.
j) Work only with authorized Banksman/slinger and operate to his
signals. Do not react to signals from unauthorized persons except in an
emergency.
k) Check for obstructions and men in the vicinity of the crane before
slewing. Clearance of at least 0309 m (2) must as far as possible be
maintained between moving parts of the crane and any nearby fixture.
l) Slewing motions should be operated gently to reduce load swing to a
minimum.
m) Before traveling ensure that the slewing lock is engaged.
n) Watch out for overhead power lines. Do no pass under unless within
the confines of “goal post” and a banksman is in attendance.
o) Working alongside power lines should be undertaken unless
authorized and closely supervised
p) When traveling with a load, keep it as near the ground as possible.
Drive slowly and look out for obstruction and uneven ground.
q) Out riggers, where fitted, should always be fully extended according to
the load chart in the cab when using the crane in a blocked capacity.
Use suitable packing to spread the lot.
r) Lower gently when depositing the load.

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 s) Before loading a vehicle ensure the driver is out the cab unless this has
section protection.
t) Never share a load with another crane unless the operation has been
planned and is supervised.
u) If persons have to be lifted, they must travel in an approved man
basket and the crane must be equipped with power lowering and
automatic braking.
v) Never leave the crane with a load suspended.
w) When leaving the crane, make sure the power is off, the hook is
unloaded and out of the way, the brakes are on and the cab is locked,
so that no authorized person can interfere with the crane.
x) Driver training may have to be carried out. You will be given instruction
on this by your Foreman. No unauthorized driver is permitted to
operate the crane. A trainee must be accompanied by he authorized
crane operator.
___________________________________________

24. COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDER

a) Treat every cylinder as “full” and handle carefully.

b) Always use carrier and secure the cylinder into it.
c) Always secure acetylene cylinders in an upright position both in use
and in storage.
d) Store ALL cylinders so that they cannot fall
e) Keep them away from sun, artificial heat, flammable materials,
corrosive chemicals and fumes.
f) Avoid damage to valves and fittings. Do not use them for lifting or
carrying.
g) Keep valves and fittings of oxygen cylinders free from oil and grease.
h) See that gloves (if worn) are free from oil and grease.
i) Open cylinder valves slowly, and close sufficiently to shut off gas-
never use force.
j) Always lift cylinders from trucks- do not drop or slide them
k) Keep hose lines clear of traffic lanes.
l) Remember- handling cylinders is a two man job.
m) Always use a cap when transporting cylinders.

REPORT ANY DAMAGE ON DEFECTS IMMEDIATELY

26. WORKING WITH COMPRESEED AIR TOOLS

This list is designed to assist Supervisory and Stores personnel to eliminate

the hazards associated with the use of materials with chemical constituents.

a) See that the hose is clear of dirt or moisture before starting working

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 b) Ensure that tools are regularly maintained and services and that
matching connections are used.
c) See that, where applicable, the proper protective guard is correctly
fitted before use.
d) Always use attachments which are correct for the speed of the tool.
e) When using paving breakers, clay spades etc., always check your hose
connections before starting work
f) Wear protective footwear when using paving breaking and stand with
feet apart.
g) Operators of air cutting, drilling or impact breaking tools must wear eye
protectors, and are advised to use ear protectors also.
h) Before disconnecting any air tool, turn off the compressed air supply on
the main air pipe to which your air hose is connected. The air should be
exhausted in the line at the tool end.
i) The air tool control lever should be released before moving the tools to
another piece of work.
j) The changing of points (jack hammer) should be undertaken with the
tool in a horizontal position. Do not use blunt points.
k) Ensure that points (jack hammer) are securely seated before operating
tools.
l) In the case of sir operated cutting wheels and discs, only operators in
possession of a certificate of training are permitted to change an
abrasive wheel or disc
m) Report all defects immediately.
n) Keep away all persons not directly involved in the activity.

27. ABRASIVE WHEELS

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome is very much in the news at the moment.
The symptoms include tingling sensations in the fingers and cold fingers.
If anyone has had any experience of these problems, then they must
report it to their supervisor so that the relevant simple tests can be carried
out. Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome is common in people who grind for
long periods and it is caused by damage to the nerves and blood vessels.

Only authorized people may change and mount abrasive wheels.

Hand held abrasive wheels pre use checks:

a) Are airlines/electric cables in good order?

b) Is motive power isolatable?
c) Is guard in place and secured?
d) Is on/off button working?
e) Is grinder within last inspection date?
f) Is spindle speed (marked on machine) slower than disc speed (marked
on disc)?
g) Is disc correct for duty?
h) Is disc free from damage?
i) Is work area free from tripping hazards/flammable substances?
j) Is access good all around the job?

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 k) Is there protection for people passing by?
l) Is correct PPE available (grade 1 eye, ear protection and dust mask)?

Pedestal Grinders

a) Is power isolatable?
b) Is dust extraction available and working?
c) Is stone of the correct type?
d) Is stone free from cracks, grooves and chips?
e) Is stone contaminated with (oil, wood, aluminium etc)?
f) Is tool rest correctly adjusted (as close as possible)?
g) Is safety screen fitted and useable?
h) Is correct PPE available (grade 1 eye protection, ear protection, dust
mask)?
i) Is there protection for people passing by in place?

IF ANY OF THESE ARE NOT PRESENT OR BROKEN / INOPERATIVE,

REPORT TO YOUR SUPERVISOR

29. ACCIDENT PREVENTION

GENERAL INFORMATION

The prevention of accidents ultimately comes down to an individual choice.

We choose to leave the hose across the walkway. We choose not to wear the
goggles. We choose to swing the hammer without thinking ‘what if I miss?’
We choose to do this, the wrong way, the quicker way, the less safe way.
Normally in the belief we are helping the job along, if we cause a fuss we’ll get
“blacked”. We are going to finish quicker or through sheer laziness. I can’t be
bothered to go and get the correct tool; I’ll make do.

This attitude leads to the majority of our injuries. If this is your attitude your
are one of the individuals who decides to get hurt or hurts a colleague.

 STOP before carrying out any task and continue to stop and reassess
throughout.
 THINK what are the hazards. Thinks what if?
 CONSIDER how do you remove the hazard.

Example

Your task is to drill a 12mm hole in a piece of steel. What do I do now?

STOP

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THINK What are the hazards?

- cuts to the hand from rotating swarf

- damage to the eyes via flying particles? What is on the other
side?

CONSIDER

How do I remove the hazard? Wear safety goggles and gloves along with any
other relevant PPE, check “blind” side.

Thirty seconds of time to STOP, THINK and CONSIDER may save you or a
colleague from a major accident or injury.

If you have a genuine safety concern tells your supervisor he must get it
corrected.

Take note – the most frequent injuries at Kvaerner are to hands and eyes.
Think about it.

30. PREVENTING SKIN RASH IN CONSTRUCTION WORK

If the skin rash is due to work …

a) It is usually not contagious - you will not get your friend’s rash when
you shake his hand and neither will you pass it to him if you have a
rash.
b) In most cases it can be cured if you know what it is in your work that
caused the rash.
c) Usually, the rash affects the hands and arms but sometimes it may
affect the whole body. The common causes of skin rash are chemicals
like cement, epoxy resins, thinners, fibre-glass and oils.
d) Skin rash that is due to work can take many different forms, some mild
and some severe. Usually it starts with redness and itchiness and
sometimes there may be swelling and blisters.
e) If the doctor finds that your rash is due to allergy to a particular
chemical e.g. cement, you may need to change job as even a little
contact with the chemical can cause the rash to appear again.
f) If the rash is not due to allergy, then you should be able to continue
doing the same work
g) provided you wear the necessary personal protective equipment and
work

How can I prevent it?

Any worker in the construction industry can develop a skin rash if care is not
taken. If you do not have a rash now, you should prevent yourself from getting
a rash from work by taking a few simple steps.

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If you are a manager or supervisor, you have a very important part to
play in preventing skin problems. You can …..

a) Provide your workers with the correct size and type of protective
clothing
b) Provide adequate washing facilities
c) Keep the workplace and equipment clean
d) Change to a less allergenic cement
e) Make sure that your workers are observing safe work procedures and
wearing the correct type of gloves, safety boots/shoes and sleeves
when working.
f) Inform your workers about the health hazards of working with cement.
This information is found in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
provided by your cement supplier.
g) Change your work clothes everyday
h) If you are working with cement, use thin plastic or rubber gloves with
cotton gloves inside. If possible, wear a plastic sleeve over your long-
sleeved shirt
i) Do not touch chemicals unnecessarily – always find out what you have
to wear to protect yourself
j) If you have touched some chemicals, wash your hands with lots of
water as soon as possible.
k) To remove enamel paint stains, use soya bean cooking oil instead of
thinner
l) Wash your face and arms during work breaks and before going home.

31. COMPRESSED AIR (PNEUMATIC) TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

GENERAL INFORMATION

All tools and equipment must be registered and inspected by the company, to
achieve this each item should have a unique identification number if this is
missing, let your supervisor know.

Airlines also should be registered and inspected, again look for a means of
identifying the hose, this should relate to a pressure test certificate.

After this check the user should ensure:

a) They are trained in the use and inspection of the equipment

b) The tool is suitable for the job to be done
c) Guards are fitted and correct
d) Controls work correctly (all air driven tools should have a dead mans
handle i.e. they turn off when you let go).
e) Equipment is free from damage and cracks
f) If screens are required they are placed correctly
g) Work area is clean and tidy to prevent tripping hazards

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 h) Correct PPE is available (goggles and ear protection) are the lowest
forms of PPE allowed with ALL air tools
i) All air tools must only be worked upon when disconnected from air
supply and then only by a company authorised person (changing of
abrasive wheels can only be done by persons authorised in writing by
the manager of the job).

32. WORKING SAFELY IN CONFINED SPACES (FOR WORKERS)

Confined spaces exist in many settings.

A confined space is any area:

not intended or designed primarily as a place of work; and with restricted

entry and exit; and at atmospheric pressure; and where the potential for
engulfment, inadequate ventilation, a contaminated atmosphere or
oxygen deficient atmosphere may exist.

32.1 Confined spaces include:

a) Access Holes
b) Pipes
c) Silos
d) Tunnels
e) Sewers
f) Cold Storage Rooms
g) Trenches

32.2 Hazards of confined spaces

The primary hazards are:

a) lack of oxygen
b) toxic gases, vapours or fumes
c) flammable gases, vapours or fumes engulfment
d) mechanical equipment There may be one or more hazards
present in a confined space.

32.3 What must you do?

Before you enter a confined space you must

a) obtain an entry permit from your employer
b) test for a safe level of toxic gases, vapors or fumes, flammable
gases or vapors and adequate oxygen availability.
c) Ventilate the confined space
d) Ensure a stand-by person is present
e) Wear appropriate personal protective equipment if needed.

32.4 Emergency situations

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 Do not enter a confined space to rescue a worker in an emergency
situation unless you are prepared.
Always follow planned rescue and first aid procedures and use
appropriate equipment.

32.5 Training for workers

If you carry out work in a confined space, your employer must give
you training on:
a) the hazards of confined spaces
b) risk assessment procedures
c) risk control measures
d) emergency procedures
e) selection, use, fit and maintenance of personal protective
equipment.

33. COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)

General Information

Many substances are harmful if used in the wrong way or without the correct
PPE. To enable us to use them COSHH dictates we do several things:

a) A hazardous substance can be in the form of a solid, liquid, gas,

vapour, mist or dust.
b) All substances from soap to hydrofluoric acid come with and MSDS –
Material Safety Data Sheet (this must be supplied by the person
supplying it to the company). The data sheets will comprise of 16
sections.
c) The information from the MSDS is used in conjunction with the
description of the work to be done to develop a COSHH assessment.
You may end up with several COSHH assessments for the same
substance (e.g. applying degrease with rags will be different from
spraying degreaser from an aerosol).
d) COSHH assessments should describe:

e) Substance and hazards (e.g. flammable, corrosive, toxic)

f) Task to be done with it
g) Precautions to take i.e. PPE, ventilation, RPE
h) Handling and storage
i) Emergency actions (e.g. spillage, swallowing, eye contact)
j) Waste disposal methods (don’t just pour it down the drain)

k) COSHH assessments should be available for all to see and read (best
place to keep them is at the stores)
l) If the COSHH assessment differs from your method of working inform
your supervisor

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 m) Report any spillage’s/leaks to your supervisor immediately

n) If you require further information on COSHH please contact your

manager.

34. DRIVING OR OPERATING VEHICLES

GENERAL INFORMATION

a) Nobody is allowed to drive or operate any vehicle they have not been
trained and validated for. They must also be appointed in writing by
their manager and provide proof of competence in the form of a driving
license or training certificate.
b) The principles of the Traffic rules must be followed at all times.
c) All site and external speed limits must be adhered to (Speed limit is 15
KMPH).
d) Only the correct number of people the vehicle is designed for should be
carried.
e) All vehicles should be inspected for defects before use each day or at
every change in driver.
f) Reversing of vehicles must be done with the aid of a banks-man on
with reverse horn.
 The driver is responsible for the reporting of:

a) Any damage to the vehicle.

b) Any defects to the vehicle.
c) Any damage to plant

 Report all defects immediately.

 Vehicles must be left secure and arrangements made for them to be
easily moved in an emergency – though clients’ rules may apply on
different sites.

35. ELECTRICAL SAFETY

There is a very tragic way to learn about the dangers of misusing electrical
tools and equipment – it is called electrocution?

It is the amps in electricity that kill you! Do you know how many amps will kill
you? (Ask question)

6/100th amp - woman can’t break the contact

9/100th amp - men can’t break the contact
15/100 to 10/50th amp - release is impossible; it will kill you after 15
minutes
1/10th amp - ventricular fibrillation, a state of the heart leading
direct to death

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1/5th amp - serious burns and muscular contraction of such a
degree that the thoracic muscles constrict the
heart thus stopping it causing death.

By comparison a 100-watt lamp on a 240-volt supply uses only ¼ amp, more

than 20 times the minimum lethal current.

36. ELECTRICITY KILLS! NEVER FORGET IT

Electricity is so much part of our modern way of life, pushing in a plug is

second nature and all items of electrical equipment are produced to strict
safety standards, so to all intents and purposes, used correctly, they ARE
safe. Why then do so many people suffer shocks? Everyone knows
electricity can and does KILL. Still people continue to take stupid risks with it
OR they take it for granted – both of which can lead to shock, burns, serious
injury or even death!

The dangers are particularly increased at work – where electrical equipment is

used in adverse conditions, on site in wet or damp areas for instance, to
lesson the risk the HSE guidelines stipulate the use of reduced voltage
equipment.

a) Fuses should always be appropriate to the equipment to which they are

fitted
b) All blown fuses must be replaced promptly and correctly? Never
“MAKE DO”
c) Have all the ‘EMERGENCY STOP’ switches on all machinery tested
regularly
d) Installation of any temporary electric supply requires the attention of a
competent electrician
e) Plugs/sockets on temporary equipment should never enter inside a
vessel
f) Keep electrical equipment in good repair with regular checks by a
competent electrician

g) Overloading sockets with plugs and adaptors is dangerous. Only ONE

appliance per power socket is recommended.

Portable power tools must never be used near flammable vapours or gases –
unless a Hot Work Certificate/Permit is obtained and area in deemed Gas
Free.

37. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

37.1 General Information

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 There are two types of emergency procedures depending on
where you work, one is a fire emergency, the other is a toxic
release emergency. You should have the alarms for each
sounded at least once a week to allow you to hear them.
An emergency plan should contain the following steps:

37.2 FIRE

Sign in and out so you can be accounted for in an emergency,

failure to do so means you won’t be looked for.

IF YOU FIND A FIRE

a) Raise the alarm

b) Follow your local instruction (go to the assembly point etc)

NB: Only try to tackle the fire if step 1 is complete, people know
your location and you have been trained and are competent to do
it (always have a means of escape behind you).

IF YOU HEAR A FIRE ALARM

1. Stop your work and leave it in a safe condition (remember you

may put the emergency services at risk if you leave it unsafe).
2. Follow your local instruction

37.3 TOXIC RELEASE

Sign in and out so that you can be accounted for. If we don’t know
you are on site we won’t look for you.

If you suspect a toxic release of gas or fluid:

 Report it to the process operators via quickest route

 Go to the nearest refuge
 Close all windows, doors and ventilation
 Do not smoke
 Do not leave the refuge until the all clear is given

37.4 IF YOU HEAR A TOXIC RELEASE ALARM

Follow steps as above.

NB: If confined space work is in progress when a toxic alarm

sounds, all air tests must be re-validated before entries begin.
In general, for fire go outside, for toxic go inside. Both rely on
being able to roll call individuals so ensure you have a roll call list.

Page 27 of 52
38. ENVIRONMENT

GENERAL INFORMATION

Every activity within our company’s operations produce and

environmental aspect of some kind.

 Materials we buy
 Waste and by-products
 Power we use

As the company is committed to an environmental management system

ISO 14001, we need to ask ourselves what can we do to help.

- Turn items off when not in use (dinner, teas

ELECTRICITY breaks etc)

- Closing doors, windows etc can all help

HEAT reduce heat loss

- Recycling of packaging, ensuring correct

WAST disposal of liquids, metals and general waste.
Lots of materials can now be recycled.
- Have you thought about the environmental
PERSONAL impact of the task in hand? Is there anything
EFFECTS you can change?

- All leaks / spillage’s or uncontrolled

SPILLAGES / emissions must be reported so that the
LEAKS situation can be assessed and the
appropriate measures be carried out.

39. EYE PROTECTION

39.1 L.E.P (Light Eye Protection) of Safety Glasses

a) The basic requirement is a poly carbon lens with side shield

impact rated ‘G’ or 2 (G for general as in prescription lenses).
b) They are used to protect the eye from accidental injury from
flying particles generated by equipment or others (someone
starting to grind without a screen).

Page 28 of 52
 c) L.E.P. also greatly reduces the chance of getting a flash from
arc welding as the lens alters a large percentage of the UV light
as it passes through.

NB:- Tinted lenses are of no value in normal working, only if high

contrast situations occur – such as crane drivers looking at the sky.

39.2 GOGGLES

a) These are normally Grade 1 impact; No. 1 is printed on the lens

with additional properties denoted by letters on the frame:

i. C = Chemical Resistant
ii. D = Dust Proof
iii. M = Molten Resistant

b) Goggles should be used in all cases where the individual is at

risk from dust, chemical or flying particles due to his or machine
activities. Goggles would also need to be worn if any of the
following activities are taking place near his work area:
Hammering, grinding, impact work, handling chemicals etc

c) Correct fitting of the goggles is very important to ensure they

provide the protection that is expected. Care must also be taken
when removing contaminated goggles (tipping dust into eyes).
To remove safely bend forward and close eyes, pulling them
away from the face.

39.3 FACE SCREENS

a) A Grade 1- impact rating protects the whole face from impact,

but not dust, chemical or molten metal. They can be helmet
mounted or used separately (goggles may still need to be worn,
in dusty atmospheres for example).
b) They come with a tint for burning operations but check for
impact rating.
c) As with all PPE once you have used it, you are responsible for
looking after it. Report any damage or defect immediately.
Deliberate abuse is a disciplinary matter.

40. FALLING OBJECTS

GENERAL INFORMATION

All kinds of materials, from nuts, bolts and hand tools to bricks and
girders can fall onto others from heights such as scaffoldings, platforms,
roofs and plant unless we all take care.

Page 29 of 52
 Other materials can fall from much smaller heights perhaps injuring you
or others. They may fall from hands or benches or from stacks if goods
are placed unsafely.

Put into practice the advice given in previous toolbox talks and safety
training on:

 Working at Height

These will reduce the danger of falling objects and materials.

In spite of these precautions, protective clothing and equipment offers

you a good safeguard against the unexpected hazards. Therefore,
ALWAYS wear the recommended personal protective equipment:

 Safety Helmet
 Boiler Suit
 Safety Footwear
 Gloves
 Light Eye Protection

Most falling objects are due to that while working at height people loosing
control of objects being passed from one person to another, failure to
carry equipment safely at height and failure to store equipment at height.
The housekeeping standard we adopt i.e. bolt boxes, bag system, hose
and cable runs and the provision of safety net will help in reducing the
potential for falling objects.

Remember, you must never climb a ladder whilst carrying something –

you should always lift and lower things with a hand line or a crane for
heavier objects.

Always remember to consider where any object would go if it was

dropped.

41. PRINCIPLES FOR THE USE OF SAFETY HARNESSES

DO

 Ensure you use an approved and registered full body type harness
with the correct type of shock absorber lanyard.
 Use an anchorage that is located directly above the working position.
 Use approved permanent anchorage points that have been built or
installed by professionals.
 Use only permanent approved anchorage points
 Use only approved attachment hooks that are recommended by the
manufacturer.

Page 30 of 52
 Always ensure that the closing bar on the karabiner hook is locked
shut.
 Make sure that the space you would travel through in the event of a
fall is free from protrusions and hazards.
 Ensure that your harness is fitted as close to your body as is
comfortable to prevent its upward movement in the event of a fall.
 Only use compatible ancillary equipment provided by the
manufacturer

DO NOT

 Use a rope as a lanyard, a shock absorber lanyard must be used.

 Anchor to a structure that can fall i.e. window cleaners cradle, free
standing ladder or other loose structures
 Use an anchorage point that will not take a shock load of 1000 kg.
 Use an anchorage point that is below the point attachment to your
harness.
 Loop lanyards around structures with sharp edges, (less than 5mm or
7/32” radius edge).
 If you have any doubts on any equipment DO NOT USE IT.
 Extend the length of your lanyard beyond 2m. For greater working
distances use a FALL ARRESTER BLOCK.

STOP, THINK and CONSIDER. IS THERE ANOTHER FORM OF

ACCESS THAT CAN BE SAFELY USED BEFORE USING FALL
ARREST EQUIPMENT.

INSPECTION

 A record card is provided with each individual piece of equipment,

giving the Product Name or Number, Serial Number, Date of
Manufacture.
 It is recommended this inspection be at least every three months.
The inspection should be recorded on the Record Card (Appendix 1)
provided or similar documentation.
 It is the responsibility of the end user to carry out a visual inspection
and functional check (if applicable) of every part of the safety harness
prior to every use.
 During the inspection if there is any doubt on the serviceability of any
part of the safety harness it MUST be withdrawn from service
immediately. You must either scrap the suspect equipment or return it
to your supplier/manufacturer.

NEVER ATTEMPT TO REPAIR ANY EQUIPMENT YOURSELF

1. INSPECTION CHECK LIST

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 Check all webbing thoroughly. There must be no evidence of fraying,
tears, cuts, burns mould discolouration or chemical attack.

2. STITCHING

Every stitch panel should be examined carefully. There must be no

evidence of broken stitches, loosening, pulling or cuts.

3. BUCKLES

All buckles and ‘D’ rings must be totally free from rust pitting,
distortion cracks or excessive wear. Moving parts, such as sliding
buckles, should move freely. Special attention should be given to the
integrity of the connection ‘D’ rings.

4. KARABINERS AND SNAPHOOKS

These should be checked as for buckles and ‘D’ rings. All moving
parts should be kept clean and lubricated with a silicon-based spray.

Ensure that the bar or snap closes itself fully and that the locking
device prevents opening under firm pressure. Check for misalignment
of the closing bar or snap, and any distortion of the hook generally.

5. LANYARDS GRABS AND ROPE ADJUSTER

Inspect as for Buckles and ‘D’ rings. Also you must fully check that all
moving and working part are operating freely.

6. LANYARDS

Check for loose strands, cuts and abrasions, excessive flattening on

outer faces, chemical attacks burns or evidence of powdered fibre.

The length of lanyard MUST be checked at least every three months

against the “As New” length. An extension of more than 10%
indicates excessive and heavy loading/use and MUST be immediately
withdrawn from service and destroyed.

Excessive heat can also cause some degradation and this is not
visibly identifiable.

7. ARRESTOR BLOCKS

There is a separate instruction manual supplied with every arrestor

block. This must be read carefully by both the user of the arrestor
block and by any person included in training.

8. STORAGE

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 Store in a cool place that is not subject to direct heat or sunlight.

9. TRAINING

It is strongly recommended that all users of FALL ARREST products

be fully trained on both the equipment they are to use and how to use
it practically in the workplace.

42. HEAD, HANDS AND FEET

HEAD

 Safety helmets should be worn at all times when on site. They are
there to protect you from the carelessness of others.
 They should be in good repair with no solvent-based paint, pen or
glue used on them.
 They should be discarded if deeply scratched or suffer a fall from
height.
 If you have any doubts about your safety helmet report them to you
Supervisor.

NB: Wearing of safety helmets backwards is not allowed. Helmets

are designed in such a way as to direct and absorb impact vertically
down the spine; reversing your helmet can put lateral forces into any
impact thus causing injury in the neck.

HANDS

 Gloves come in a wide variety of types. When choosing a glove to

wear several items must items must be considered:

Activity - dexterity, wet, sensitivity

Hazards - sharp edges, knifes, chemicals, impact etc
Comfort - is the glove suitable, does it fit, is the material
acceptable

 The most important thing to remember is that gloves will not do

anything to protect you if you don’t wear them. You must always carry
your gloves with you and wear them while carrying out a job which
may damage your hands or while moving around in areas which may
be contaminated.

FEET

Safety Footwear: The type of footwear you can use depends on the
hazards in the work area:

Page 33 of 52
 In general:

 Steel toe-caps are there to prevent a crush injury to the toes (if used
on chemical plants the toe-cap must cover to prevent chemical
ingress).
 The sole of the footwear must be in good repair with a reasonable
tread pattern visible over the entire sole (to help prevent slips).
 If working in standing water in which oils, diesel or other chemicals
may be present steel toe-cap Gum Boots should be worn.

43. BURNING/HEATING EQUIPMENT

GENERAL INFORMATION

Oxyacetylene, oxy propane or just propane are the most common heating
systems used in our industries. People are injured and even killed by this
equipment every year. The most common cause of injury is leaking joints
in hose connections, which can force either a flammable gas or pure
oxygen into clothing or surrounding atmosphere.

Leaks at the torch normally force gas into the gloves or clothing. If fuel
gas enters clothing it will burn possibly setting fire to the clothing. If
however, oxygen leaks into the clothing it causes all your clothing to burn
when a spark touches it and can lead to gar greater injuries.

If gases leak into the atmosphere they can “pool” in low points such as
drains and explode if ignited. If oxygen enriches the air in a confined
space the resultant fire can be very intense (some metals will burn in an
oxygen-enriched atmosphere).

So…

1. Check bottle connection threads for damage

2. Turn bottle on for a short blast to clear threads. (NB ;not hydrogen
as it may auto ignite)

3. Connect bottle gauges (pressure spring relaxed) only hand tight and
a “nip”. Over tightening can cause leaks

4. Connect hoses hand tight and nip. Hoses should not be taped
together, this can cause friction between them and create wear.

5. Connect a torch with the correct sized nozzle last.

6. Turn on bottles, check for leaks (soapy water) on bottles.

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 7. Open fuel valve on torch and set pressure. Turn torch valve off.

8. Open oxy valve on torch and set pressure. Turn torch valve off.

9. Check for leaks at every connection with soapy water.

10. If a leak is discovered turn off the bottles, bleed down the pipes and
remake the joint.

NB: Never use joint compound or tape on joints. If it won’t seal, replace
it.

44. Working at height

Any activity, which is carried out above two metres, the management
must provide, so far as is reasonably practicable, a safe place of work
and protection from falls. However, our viewpoint is any work at any
height that puts an individual in a position from which he can fall and
cause himself harm.

If we follow some basic rules then we can avoid unnecessary injuries.

 Follow procedures / job methods
 Use the correct equipment for the job (not an up turned bucket)
 Report any faults and defects
 Never work outside the bounds of a safe working platform

Where a safe working platform (scaffold or permanent) cannot be

provided a separate Risk Assessment would need to be carried out to
identify alternative means of access.

There are a number of factors that influence the type of access:

 The number of people
 Height off the ground
 Training of the people
 Type of job
 Weather conditions

Permanent
 Check handrails, toe-boards and the surface for corrosion

Scaffold

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  Fixed scaffold – check for the scaffold tag (if used on your site),
double handrails and toe-boards, does the scaffold reach the entire
job and is it suitable for the task required of it. Never alter
scaffolding, lean or climb outside of the confines of the hand rail or
climb ladders while carrying something.
 Mobile and self assembly scaffolds – should only be erected by
trained and authorised people. When moving scaffolding, consider
any overhead hazards and the ground conditions. Never move
mobile scaffolds whilst someone is on it.

Step Ladders
 Only to be used for light work, they should be used on flat firm
ground with somebody steadying them. They must be registered
and inspected at regular intervals and be tall enough for the job (top
step must be at waist height or above). Be aware of hazards and
never reach to the side of the steps.

Ladders
 Only to be used for light work and footed at the bottom or tied at the
top. Always wear a full body harness or safety belt that the life line is
attached to the structure. The ladders must be registered and
inspected at regular intervals. The ladder must pass 1 metre beyond
its point of rest. Both hands must be used for climbing.

Man Baskets
 The basket must be registered and inspected every six months. A
full body harness or safety belt must be worn and attached
independently to the crane hook. A rigger must be in control of the
basket. Never climb out, overload or use a defective basket.

Safety Harness – Full body type with shock absorber

 The harness is not safe access, only to be used as a last resort

where no other method is practicable. A written Risk Assessment
has to be approved by the manager and the wearer has to be trained
and competent. Make sure the clipping on point is adequate.

45. SAFE WORKING ON LADDERS AND STEPLADDERS

LADDERS

Always

 Ensure every ladder is individually identified with a number or mark

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 Ensure a written record of inspection maintenance and repair is kept
on all ladders
 Check the stiles for wear or damage, particularly at the base or top
 Ensure that the ladder is situated on firm ground and is securely tied
at the top. A man must foot the ladder at the bottom with one foot on
the bottom rung, if not securely tied at top
 Check the rungs and overall condition of ladder for wear and tear.
Defective ladders should be replaced.
 Use both hands when descending and climbing
 Set ladders at correct angle – 300mm out every 1.200m up (1 in 4)
 Clean excessive mud or grease off rungs
 Ensure aluminium ladders carry a warning “not to be used near
electricity”.

Never

 Paint or otherwise treat in such a way as to conceal defects

 Use ladders with cracked or broken rungs or other defects
 Over reach from a ladder, always move it
 Stand ladder on an unequal base
 Carry tools up and down a ladder
 Use a ladder that is too short
 Attempt to lift or move a large ladder by yourself. Always get help.

STEPLADDERS

Always

 Before using a stepladder check the condition of the treads, check

the stiles, the hinge arrangement and also the restraining rope
between the legs.
 Ensure damaged stepladders are taken out of use, destroyed or
returned to the supplier.
 When working from a stepladder, make sure you have a firm level
base to situate the ladder

Never

 Work from no further than two thirds up

 Over-reach on a stepladder. When possible get one man to foot and
steady the bottom whilst work is being undertaken

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46. MANUAL HANDLING

Employers Duties
 If possible, avoid any form of Manual Handling
 If it cannot be avoided, reduce the risk by breaking the load down or
rearranging the task
 Provide job specific information and manual handling training.

Employees Duties
 Make full and proper use of the equipment and systems provided
 Inform your employer of any physical condition that might affect your ability
to carry out any manual handling

General Information

Manual Handling is one of the biggest forms of injury. It is responsible for

a lot of pain and suffering, not just immediately but also in later life but
can be so easily avoided.

Manual Handling is not just about lifting things; it is about any operation
that involves an individual exerting physical effort to move an object.
Push, pull, lift, twist and grab all come under Manual Handling.

When Manual Handling is to occur, 3 things must be considered:

1. Can we do without this operation?
2. Can we use mechanical aids (conveyor belt, barrow, crane, chain and
block)?
3. Can we make the load smaller?

Other things to consider are:

 Route to be travelled, is it clear, level, even etc

 Physical capacity of individual
 Duration of job (work rest regime)
 Repetition, a job with small weight but twisting can be a problem
 Shape of load
 Size of load
 Surface finish of load
 Weight distribution of load
 Can we use more than one person to lift?

If we cannot do away with the individual lifting, pushing or pulling; then

Kinetic Handling techniques should be taught.
NB: Light but large items can cause problems if they are “caught” by the
wind!

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 Discussion Points

 Has everyone had Manual Handling training

 Are there any task that occur regularly that have not been picked up
with a Risk Assessment that could be looked into
 Is there enough equipment provided in the form of sack barrows,
bogeys etc.

47. OPERATING MOBILE ELEVATED WORKING PLATFORMS (MEWP)

SAFETY IN USE

DO

1. Ensure the work platform is properly positioned and that outriggers,

where required, are fully lowered and extended where possible, with
sole plates and spreaders as necessary.
2. Check the work platform is properly positioned and that outriggers,
where required, are fully lowered and extended where possible with
sole plates and spreaders as necessary.
3. As far as is reasonably practicable, any work carried out from the
platform should be within the area bounded by the guard-rails. It is
not advisable for persons to lean out.
4. Always distribute any load evenly over the platform area, and ensure
unstable loads are chocked off and fixed to prevent movement.
5. Operators an users should always wear safety helmets, and safety
harnesses suitably clipped on.
Always check for possible obstructions before and when raising the
platform

DO NOT

1. Allow the maximum working load to be exceeded. The load capacity

of a platform is the total combined weight of personnel, tools and
materials.
2. Use unless all the safety guards and platform rails are in place and
secure.
3. Start moving unless the way is clear.
4. Use the platform as a jack, prop or tie.
5. Use a platform to tow another vehicle or item of plant.
6. No modifications or additions should be made to the work platform,
e.g. the mounting of signs, panels and other structures etc, which will
affect wind loading and consequently the stability.
7. Use the manual emergency lower control for lowering other than in
an emergency.

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 8. Use ladders, scaffolding or any other means of extending working
height of the platform.
9. Wedge platform under girders, trusses etc.
10. Over-ride hydraulic, electrical or mechanical safety devices.
11. Use as a lift for transferring persons or materials from one level to
another.
12. Use in winds exceeding 20 mph.
13. Charge batteries near sparks or open flame. Batteries that are being
charged emit highly explosive gasses.
14. Operate a MEWP unless you have been passed medically fit by the
Registered Medial Practitioner.

48. NOISE

Employers Must

If the sound levels are found to be above 85 dB(A) but less than 90
dB(A)

 Carry out noise assessments and keep records of them

 Provide adequate instruction, training and information about the risks
 If an employee asks for hearing protection they must provide it

If the sound levels are found to exceed 90 dB(A) or the Peak

Action Level

 Take steps to reduce the noise exposure. This implies the use of
silencers and enclosing noisy processes
 Create hearing protection zones
 Supply and ensure that hearing protection is worn so far as is
practicable

Employees Must

 Wear hearing protection in the designated areas

 Not misuse or tamper with noise reduction equipment (removes silencers)

General Information

It is important to make a distinction when talking about deafness; the

distinction is between age-induced deafness and noise induced.

Age induced is the long-term desensitisation of the trigger hairs in the

ear, which enable us to hear. This means we need louder noise to be

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 able to hear hence shouting at old people and the use of hearing aids to
boost incoming volume.

Noise induced loss is different, this is the total destruction of the trigger
hairs so eventually this means that no matter how loud the noise source
there are not trigger hairs to respond, this is untreatable.

Once deaf, hearing aids do not help and to make it worse it can leave you
with a constant ringing or rushing noise as the damaged trigger hairs may
cause false continual signals to the brain. This is called Tinnitus.

What can you do to prevent this?

 As a rule of thumb, if you cannot hold a conversation without raising

your voice you need to wear hearing protection

 You must be provided with muffs or plugs (your choice). You should
be instructed in the use and storage of this equipment (instructions
on box or in box).

 A record should be kept of its issue to you.

 Obey warning notices at all times and fit the hearing protection
before entering the area.

49. OFFICE SAFETY

TRAINING – Health and Safety at Work

When you first join the company, you will receive appropriate instruction
in order to explain the various health and safety rules and procedures
which apply within the office. This type of instruction is designed to
familiarise you with:

 Accident reporting procedures

 Local safety rules
 First aid arrangements
 How to report unsafe conditions
 Fire equipment
 Evacuation procedures
 Protective clothing

Listen carefully and remember to follow the advice given.

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DRESS

Individuals have the freedom to choose what to wear but please

remember to dress sensibly when in the office.

 Avoid wearing high heals since they tend to be dangerous when

descending stairs.
 If you need glasses – wear them
 Do not wear loose clothing such as scarves, ties etc when working
on or near moving machinery

CONDUCT – under the Health and Safety at Work employees have

responsibility for the health and safety of themselves and others (do not
do anything which could harm yourself or others).

 Walk – don’t run. Always look where you are going, particularly at
blind spots such as doorways, openings and partitioning.
 Do not interfere with electrical equipment. Arrange for an electrician
or some other qualified and authorised person to undertake repairs.
 Smoke only in authorised places.
 Do not leave material or equipment in passageways where people
can trip over.
 Never wedge open fire doors.
 Do not indulge in horseplay or practical jokes.

OFFICE EQUIPMENT – The management to ensure that all equipment

that is used is safe, appropriate for the task and properly maintained.

Office equipment should be maintained in good condition and positioned

to allow adequate clearance for staff.

 Do not put sharp objects in waste bins such as broken glass, razors
etc – remember someone has to empty these containers. Paper
should always be placed in the bin, not thrown in.

 Always follow the instructions which accompany printing and

photocopying machines, particularly the requirement to switch off the
machine before clearing paper paths, cleaning parts or making
adjustments.

 Never attempt to repair machines unless trained and authorised to

do so.

 Do not stand on chairs to reach high objects – use a stepping stool

or stepladder.

LIFTING AND CARRYING – manual handling training should be

given to employees so that they are aware of the risks and have
knowledge about how to prevent injury.

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 Bad lifting technique can lead to serious back strain or other injuries.
If you have to lift or carry something heavy, follow these simple rules:

 Use a trolley or some other mechanized system whenever possible.

 Ask for assistance to make the task of lifting easier.
 Make sure you can see where you are going and ask someone to
open doors where necessary, to provide you with clear access.

SLIPS AND FALLS

Slips and falls are one of the major causes of accidents within the office.

 Stairways are particularly dangerous. Keep a firm hold of the

handrail, especially if you are descending stairs.
 Do not leave things lying on the floor.
 If you spill coffee, tea or other liquids – mop it up.
 Make sure there are no trailing cables, damaged carpets or flooring,
which create a tripping hazard.

LIGHTING – the Workplace Health, Safety and Welfare Regulations

place a responsibility on employers to ensure that the workplace and
welfare of employees is maintained. This includes things like lighting,
toilet and eating facilities.

The standard of lighting in the office must be adequate to provide a safe

working environment.

 Report any defective lighting or dark areas so that the matter can be
rectified.

VISUAL DISPLAY UNITS (VDU’s)

Each workstation must be assessed, contact safety department.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT– all equipment must be adequate and fully

maintained.

 Never tamper with electrical equipment or attempt to make repairs.

Remember – even low voltage equipment can be dangerous.

 Check cables and equipment for damage, loose connections,

exposed wiring etc. if you discover a fault – switch off the appliance
and report the matter immediately.

 Make sure trailing cables particularly behind computer and word

processing equipment have been neatly installed. All trailing cables
should be kept to a minimum and positioned to prevent people
tripping over them.

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  Always unplug, or if this is not possible switch off, all non-essential
electrical equipment before you leave the office.

HEALTH HAZARDS – any substances which are deemed to be

hazardous are covered by the COSHH regulations. These regulations
require an assessment to be carried out and suitable
precautions/substitutes to be taken before anyone uses them. People
also have to be made aware of the hazards before they use them and
know the precautions they have to take.

There are a number of substances used around the office including

cleaning liquids, which may be harmful to health if used improperly –
follow a COSHH assessment.

CONTRACTORS AND VISITORS – ensure the safety of employees,

visitors and the public.

The company has certain legal obligations for the health and safety of
contractors and visitors in the office.

 Always meet visitors at reception and escort them to their

destination.
 Make them aware of any local safety procedures and take them with
you in the event of fire evacuation.
 If you see contractors, cleaners, service personnel etc., acting in an
unsafe manner, report the matter to your supervisor so that it can be
raised with the company concerned.

50. CREATED OPENINGS

GENERAL INFORMATION

A created opening is a hole or gap in a walkway, floor or scaffold

through which something may fall. There are many ways to deal
with these but the most effective ways is not to create them in the
first place.

The creation of a hole or gap should be recognised at the planning stage

and appropriate steps taken to ensure it does not present a hazard to
anyone.

These may include:

 Re-design to prevent hole forming

 Erection a hard barrier before a hole is created (Scaffolding is the

minimum that should be accepted).

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 NB: Toe-boards must be fitted to prevent things falling down the
hole.

 Cover the hole, the best way is to bolt a steel plate over the hole,
followed by the tying of wooden boards of a suitable thickness.
These covering techniques should only be employed on small holes
not big enough to fall down.
NB: They may form a trip hazard

 Remove access to area, i.e. hard barrier stairs, remove ladder etc. If
a hole is to be created the precautions should be in place or on hand
to be used immediately.

If you discover a created opening do not leave it, summon help and get
them to guard the hole while you seek your supervisor or the safety
team.

If you need to work around a created opening large enough to fall down
you must wear a suitable fall restrain system.

51. PERMITS

GENERAL INFORMATION

PERMITS form part of the safe system of work. They are a legal
document and a record of the preparation of the job you are about to do.
They hold vital and legally binding information you need to be aware of.

NB: Permits often refer to job methods or risk assessments, if they

do these must be attached and explained to everyone working on that
job.

 A description of work to be done. If this does not reflect the work you
are about to do then report it to your supervisor
 Identification of equipment – if you are unsure of the piece of
equipment, then do not begin work.
 Isolation technique. (Valves closed, fuses out, blanks fitted etc.)
 Hazards that cannot be removed (such as noise, dust etc).
 Precaution to be taken against the hazards (noise = ear plugs).
 Validity time and date. If permit has ran out don’t start work.
 Hand over signatures from owner of equipment to Kvaerner
(normally process to supervisor).
 Job method or risk assessment, which should contain trade hazards
and controls.
 Only people trained and authorized to do so can accept permits.
 All personnel undertaking the task should fully understand the
contents of the permit and it should be available for them to read.

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  Work only to the agreed limits, if there is a change of intent stop
work.

52. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

GENERAL INFORMATION

Prior to Use

All plant and equipment needs to be checked and inspected by a trained

and competent person. A record of the relevant checks will be recorded
and a maintenance and inspection schedule drawn up to ensure safe
use.

Operation of Plant and Equipment

Steps to follow:

1. Are you trained and authorised to use the item?

2. Have you carried out all the relevant daily checks?

 Fork Lift: oil, tyre pressure etc

 Hand Tools: guards, check for damage

3. Report immediately any faults that you have found. Do not continue
to use an item that you know is faulty. You are not helping the job
along, you are putting yourself at risk.

4. Check your work area for potential hazards, ‘cables, hoses,

spillage’s, tripping hazards’. Do not accept poor housekeeping.

5. Are you wearing the correct PPE to operate the plant and
equipment?

IF IN DOUBT – ASK!

53. SAFE USE OF PPE

GENERAL INFORMATION

PPE is your last line of defence; this means there is nothing between
your PPE and you that will protect you from a hazard.

The main ways in which PPE fails to protect us are:

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 1. Wrong PPE  Wearing only Light Eye Protection
while grinding
 Wearing PVC gloves when rubber is
required
 Using dust mask when vapour mask
required

2. Damaged of modified  Drilling holes in ear protection

PPE  Removing vents from goggles
 Torn acid suit

3. Not wearing specified  Not wearing goggles while drilling

PPE  Not wearing gloves while lifting
 Not wearing ear defenders whilst
grinding

4. Wearing PPE  Safety helmet on backwards

incorrectly  Overalls tied around waist
 Earplugs no inserted into ear canal

5. Wearing  Tipping contamination on goggles into

contaminated PPE own eyes when removing
 Removing acid suit without
decontaminating
 Using PPE not issued to you

To counter these failures PPE should only be used if the individual

is competent in its use. The individual has inspected the PPE. The
individual has been made aware of the correct method of putting on
and removing PPE.
Always check COSHH assessments to ensure you have the correct PPE
for the job.

Personal protection is the last line of defence. It is personal to you. If

you abuse it, fail to use it or are given the wrong type it is only you who
will be injured.

“SO IF IN DOUBT ASK”, “GET IT, CHECK IT, WEAR IT AND LOOK
AFTER IT”

54. SAFETY SIGNS

GENERAL INFORMATION

Prohibition Signs

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  Have a white background with a red circular band and crossbar
depicting symbols, i.e. No Smoking, Pedestrians Prohibited.

Warning Signs

 Have black triangular bands, yellow background with symbol or text

in black i.e. Caution – Risk of Fire, Caution – Risk of Electrical
Shock.

Mandatory Signs

 Have a blue circular with symbol or text in white i.e. Eye Protection
Must be Worn.

Safe Condition

 Are indicated by a green square or rectangle with white symbol or

text, but only First Aid and direction signs are specified in part 1 of
the specification.

Any supplementary signs must be rectangular or square.

WHERE A SAFETY SIGN IS DISPLAYED

YOU HAVE A DUTY TO COMPLY WITH ITS INFORMATION

55. SAFE WORKING ON TEMPORARY ACCESS SCAFFOLDS

GENERAL INFORMATION

a) Scaffold must only be erected, altered and dismantled by a trained

and competent scaffolder.
b) Scaffolds must be clearly identified to its type, use and load capacity
by the use of a scaffold-tag system.
c) Scaffolds must have adequate access and egress normally be
secured ladders.
d) Scaffolds must have adequate and suitable toe boards, mid rails and
guard rails on all sides.
e) Scaffolds must be properly maintained and inspected frequently
(every 7 days) to check all parts are serviceable and secured to
prevent displacement. In addition, they must always be inspected
after bad or excessively dry weather or high winds, which may have
affected their stability.

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 f) No scaffold shall be left partly erected or dismantled unless the
scaffold-tag has been removed.
g) Loose materials not to be used to support scaffolds or under ladder
stiles.
h) Scaffold not overloaded. If in doubt – check with the scaffold
supervisor.
i) Materials are not to be stored on scaffold unless use intended in a
reasonable time and if so, to be kept tidy and away from
access/landing points.
j) Platforms and gangways kept clean and free from rubbish or
obstructions.

SAFETY RULES

DO

- check that the scaffold meets the correct standard, i.e. ladder
secured, toe boards in place, no boards missing, has rails fitted,
scaffold-tag in place
- check the platform meets your needs
- keep the platform clean and tidy. After use, remove all materials

DO NOT

- go outside the guard rail

- alter the scaffold, ladder or platform in any way
- obstruct the access/egress of the platform
- overload the platform
- store items inside scaffold tubes
- never carry objects/materials/tools up/down ladders, use the
equipment provided i.e. registered hand lines or get advice

If for whatever reason, the scaffold has become unsafe, damaged or

does not meet the requirements of the task, it must be reported to your
supervisor, and where appropriate the scaffold-tag removed.

56. SKIN CARE

GENERAL INFORMATION

Dermatitis is the medical word for when the skin is inflamed and irritable,
it is also called eczema. It can happen anywhere on the body, hands,
face and neck etc. In particular contact with certain substances at work
can cause “Occupational Contact Dermatitis”.

Severity depends on:

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 a) Substance
b) Strength/potency
c) Frequency and duration of use

It is preventable:

 Understand your substance. Look at the hazard data sheet.

 Carry out a COSHH assessment if necessary
 Choose the correct PPE such as gloves, masks or overalls –
replace if contaminated
 Moisturising and barrier creams should be used if gloves cannot be
worn
 Good housekeeping – tidy workmanship
 Personal hygiene
 Do not carry oily rags in pockets

Wash carefully at every break, at the end of the shift and when the
substance comes into contact with the skin. Rinse and dry properly. Do
not use solvents or abrasive cleaners. Seek medical treatment for skin
breaks, cuts or abrasions and change would dressings regularly.

Clean habits prevent disease.

57. SUBSTANCE ABUSE

GENERAL INFORMATION

Drug misuse is growing faster than the rate of alcohol misuse. In some
cases it may be cheaper, easier to conceal and the detection of drugs
usually requires sophisticated laboratory analysis. Not all substances
that can be misused are obtained illegally. Many are readily available –
office or household substances such as glue, lighter fuel, cleaning fluids.
The possession of these substances is not illegal though a user may be
prosecuted for offences committed whilst being intoxicated or impaired by
them.

The clients have existing company policies prohibiting the use of illegal
substances and those employers included are vulnerable to:
 Increase in accidents
 Absenteeism
 Decrease in quantity of work
 Poor quality of work incurring re-work
 Significant mistakes and misjudgements
 Complaints from clients
 Problems with other employees

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 Personal Factors

 Ill health or even death

 Stress, depression or anxiety
 Financial burden
 Domestic problems
 Criminal record

58. SAFE WORKING ON TRESTLES

TRESTLES

Always

 Ensure trestles are situated on a firm level base and fully open
 Use trestles for light work and for short duration’s only
 Examine cross bearers for damage, broken or damaged hinges, or
damaged stiles
 Use lightweight staging for the platform. If normal scaffolding boards
are used, support at 1.2 metre – centres.
 Ensure the platform is at least 430mm wide (2 boards wide)
 Ensure the top third of a trestle is above the working platform
 Ensure toe boards and guard rails are fitted on fixed trestles if
anyone can fall two metres or more
 Always inspect and check trestles before use

Never

 Attempt to increase the height of the platform by the use of hop-ups

 Use where anyone may fall more than 4.5 metre
 Overload staging working materials

59. WORKPLACE TIDINESS

GENERAL INFORMATION

Poor tidiness is one of the single largest factors in influencing safety.

Each trade has its own particular “Trade Mark” problem but in general
always tidy up as you go.

 Never block walkways (they may be needed in an emergency)

 Work areas must be cleaned at the end of each working period.
 If tools and equipment are to be left on the job, suitable facilities
must be provided (i.e. bolt boxes, bags, toolboxes etc).
 Remove all rubbish and scrap immediately.

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 Hoses and cable routes must be controlled. Good practice says they
should be clipped to the bottom of a handrail, overhead or on “goal
post” erected for them. If they must run over the walkways, then
they must be tied down taking the shortest possible route and be
highly visible.
 Sufficient bins and skips should be provided for disposal of rubbish,
ensuring that the correct waste goes in the appropriate receptacle.
 Scrap material should be disposed of as it is created.
 Lay down areas should be designated and barricaded off for items to
be store in.
 Mess rooms and toilet facilities are provided for your use and comfort
– please keep them clean, tidy and free from graffiti.

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