ELEMENTS OF SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION

I. WHAT IS A SENTENCE

Sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It is a group of words which
starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.), question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).
A sentence contains or implies a predicate and a subject.

Parts of speech have specific tasks to perform when they are put together in a sentence. A noun
or pronoun functions as the sentence subject when it is paired with a verb functioning as the
sentence predicate.

II. THE SUBJECT

In English grammar, a subject is one of the two main parts of a sentence. The other main part is
the predicate.

The subject is sometimes called the naming part of a sentence or clause. The subject usually
appears before the predicate to show a.) what a sentence is all about, or b.) who or what performs
the action.

A. A subject may be just a single word noun or pronoun that is partnered with action
verb.
Example:

Subject verb

Daedelus invented the labyrinth.

The action of this sentence is expressed by the verb- invented

The noun Daedalus is DOING the action of INVENTING

Therefore, Daedalus is the subject of the sentence.
Remember:

When we read a sentence, we know who did, what or what happened and to whom.
Therefore, to find the subject of a sentence, simply do this: First identify the verb. Then
ask “Who?” or “What?” in front of it. The answer will be the subject. So, for example, in
the sentence Duchess spoke. We know the verb is spoke. If we ask “Who spoke?” the
answer is the subject Duchess.
Sometimes a verb expresses being or existence instead of action.
Example:

Subject verb

Dogs are loyal to their masters.

The verb in this sentence- are- does not express action.

Instead, it expresses being or existence- tells us that something is alive.

The noun dogs is doing the existing or being.

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Therefore, dogs is the subject of the sentence.

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 Sometimes we use sentences in which a subject is not actually stated, but is, nevertheless,
understood in the meaning.

Example:

Call the guard, please.

A sentence like this gives an order or request to someone.

Subject verb

(You) call the guard, please.

You is the DOER of the action verb- call.

Therefore, you is the subject of the sentence.

Because we use such statements when we are talking directly to someone, we omit the word you.
It is understood in the sentence. Therefore, in statements like this one, we say the subject is
YOU.

This kind of sentence is an IMPERATIVE sentence.

EVALUATION 1.

Directions: Answer the questions below each sentence. Write your answers on the blanks
provided.

1. She passed the Board Examination in Law.

Who passed the Board Examination? _______________(subject)
What did SHE do? ______________(action)
2. Irish found a new job in Manila.
Who found a new job? _______________(subject)
What did IRISH do? ____________(action)
3. They watched the Korean Concert in the CCP.
Who watched the Korean Concert? ___________(subject)
What did THEY do? ________ (action)
4. The President delivered his speech candidly.
Who delivered his speech candidly? ____________(subject)
What did the PRESIDENT do? _________(action)
5. Mom baked a cake for her grandchildren.
Who baked a cake? ____________(subject)
What did MOM do? ___________(action)
6. He loves reading books of decided cases.
Who loves reading books? ______________(subject)
What does HE love to do? ______________(action)
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 7. Tayug National High School grabbed the grand slam in the painting competition.
Who grabbed the grand slam? ___________ (subject)
What did TAYUG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL do? _____________(action)
8. Marciano family visited Macao last summer.
Who visited Macao? _______________(subject)
What did MARCIANO FAMILY do last summer?___________(action)
9. Tayugenians enjoy their weekend eat out at the municipal plaza.
Who enjoy their weekend eat out? _________(subject)
What do TAYUGENIANS do during weekend? __________(action)
10. Mayor Agabas led the 2017 Brigada Eskwela.
Who led the 2017 Brigada Eskwela? ___________(Subject)
What did MAYOR AGABAS do? ___________(action)

EVALUATION 2.

Directions: Answer the questions below each sentence. Write your answers on the blanks
provided.

1. My granny looks great!

Who looks great? _____________(subject)
What is about GRANNY?__________ (subjective complement)
Linking verb: _____________
2. It was a great adventure for them.
What was a great adventure? ________(subject)
What is IT about? ________________(subjective complement)
Linking verb: ___________
3. Campus Journalism is quite interesting.
What is quite interesting? _____________(subject)
What is about CAMPUS JOURNALISM? ______________(subjective complement)
Linking verb: ___________
4. It feels good to be in the group of musicians.
What feels good? ____________(subject)
What is IT about? ________ (subjective complement)
Linking verb: _________
5. Sampaguita smells very fragrant in May.
What smells very fragrant? ___________(subject)
What is about SAMPAGUITA? ___________(subjective complement)
Linking verb: ________
6. My dad seems happy to be home.
Who seems happy to be home? _________(subject)
What is about MY DAD? __________(subjective complement)
3

Linking verb: _________

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 7. The river looks murky.
What looks murky? ___________(subject)
What is about THE RIVER? _________ (subjective complement)
Linking verb: __________
8. Otto is a St. Bernard.
What is a St. Bernard? _______(subject)
What is about OTTO? ____________ (subjective complement)
Linking verb: ____________
9. They were careful.
Who were careful? _________(subject)
What is about THEY? ____________(subjective complement)
Linking verb: __________
10. The pizza tastes great!
What tastes great? __________(subject)
What is about PIZZA? ___________ (subjective complement)
Linking verb: _________

EVALUATION 3.

Directions: Answer the questions below each sentence. Write your answers on the blanks
provided.

1. Pass your paper now!

Who needs to pass paper? __________(subject)
What do YOU need to do? _____________(action)
2. Write the answers on the blanks provided.
Who needs to write the answers? _________(subject)
What do YOU need to do? __________(action)
3. Listen very well.
Who needs to listen very well? _________ (subject)
What do YOU need to do? __________(action)
4. Follow after me.
Who needs to follow after me? _________(subject)
What do YOU need to do? ____________(action)
5. Wash your hands after using the toilet.
Who needs to wash hands after using the toilet? __________ (subject)
What do YOU need to do? _________(action)
6. Go on.
Who needs to go on? _________ (subject)
What do YOU need to do? _________ (action)
7. Wish me luck.
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Who needs to wish me luck? _________ (subject)

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 What do YOU need to do? __________ (action)
8. Please see me in the office.
Who needs to see me in the office? __________ (subject)
What do YOU need to do? ________ (action)
9. Thank you for the favor.
Who thank you for the favor?_________ (subject)
What do I need to do? _________ (action)
10. Submit the requirements tomorrow.
Who needs to submit the requirements tomorrow? _________ (subject)
What do YOU need to do? _________ (action)

EVALUATION 4.

Directions: Box the verb in each of the sentences below. Write AV on the blanks provided for
action verb and LV for linking verb.

1. She cried when he heard the news. ___________

2. He was the highest in the first periodic examination for grade 10.___________
3. Flag ceremony starts at seven in the morning. ______________
4. The Technology and Livelihood Education department will hold a bazaar on
Thursday. __________
5. I already visited the Seven Falls in Koronadal, South Cotabato. ___________
6. The painting seems perfect. ____________
7. The staff had a conference yesterday. ____________
8. The feature article touches my heart. ____________
9. Dog howls when left alone. ___________
10. The Lord blesses those who abide in Him always. ________

B. The subject may be a noun phrase- that is, a word group made up of a head noun and
any modifiers, determiners (such as the, a, her) and or compliments.

Example:

Subject verb

The first student in line led the morning exercise.

The first student in line is the subject which is a noun phrase. Student is
considered the head noun and The first and in line is the determiner
and modifier respectively.
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 EVALUATION 5.

Directions: Underline the noun phrase in each of the sentence below.

1. The old man at the head of the line was holding a Darth Vader lightsaber
2. A student- winner in the contest will received a scholarship grant.
3. The woman in the back of the room asked a question.
4. The doctor in the operating room is my father’s best friend.
5. The children in the first row received badges.
6. The books on the table are mine.
7. The adviser of G-10 SPA conducted the entrance exam.
8. The dog inside the gate knows many tricks.
9. The stickers inside her room glow in the dark.
10. The computers in laboratory 2 are infected.

EVALUATION 6.

Directions: Encircle the nouns below and underline the modifier of each noun.

1. The lady with long hair

2. The little boy in uniform
3. The blue paint for the gate
4. A student with honors
5. The newly painted classrooms
6. The teacher teaching Korean
7. The singing group in grade 10
8. The teachers in the camp
9. The winners on stage
10. The road less travelled

EVALUATION 7.

Directions: Write a noun phrase using each of the nouns below. Write your answer on the blank
provided.

Example: teacher the teacher inside the room________________

1. dress _______________________________________
2. party _______________________________________
3. classmate _______________________________________
4. house _______________________________________
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 5. phone _______________________________________
6. book _______________________________________
7. newspaper _______________________________________
8. letter _______________________________________
9. uniform _______________________________________
10. team _______________________________________

C. Two (or more) nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases may be linked by and to make a
compound subject.

Example:
Compound subject verb

Chrisel and her sister sang at the recital yesterday.

Chrisel and her sister is the compound nouns linked by and which is
functioning as the subject of the sentence.

EVALUATION 8.

Directions: Underline the subjects of the following sentences.

1. The contestants and the coach spent weeks of rehearsals to win in the competition
2. My little dog and my old cat play hide-and-seek in the garage.
3. Constant practice and continuous prayers made the team win.
4. Your patience and dream keep you moving.
5. Parents and teachers should unite in imparting knowledge to the young.
6. Correct posture and good command in language make a good and effective speaker.
7. Man and woman are created equal.
8. You and I are elements of change.
9. Dad and mom have equal responsibilities in the family.
10. Fish and vegetables are her favorite viands.

D. Infinitive verbal form (to + verb) which functions as noun can also function as subject.

Example:
Infinitive subject verb

To swim makes my day complete.

To swim is the infinitive that functions as a noun subject.

To swim is doing the action makes in the sentence.

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 EVALUATION 9.

Directions: Encircle the infinitive subject of each of the sentences below.

1. To sing brings my grandfather joy.

2. To fly is impossible if Daedalus did not create wings made of wax.
3. To dance fills my day with excitement.
4. To listen is difficult to do when one is preoccupied.
5. To teach is a teacher’s task all day.
6. To love is the main message of His death.
7. To help means a lot to me.
8. To broadcast is not the only task of a broadcaster.
9. To dream means to set goals in life.
10. To cook is a part of me being a chef.

An infinitive with its object or subject complements or modifiers can still function as a
subject of a sentence. Such group of words is called infinitive phrase.

Example:
Subject verb (Linking)

To love the Lord with all our heart is the greatest commandment.

To love is the infinitive the Lord is the object with all our heart is the
modifier = infinitive phrase.

EVALUATION 10.

Directions: Underline the subject infinitive phrase in each of the following sentences.

1. To give your best in everything you do is the basic means to achieve.

2. To dream of becoming somebody someday is not at all bad.
3. To love thy neighbor as yourself is one of the greatest commandments.
4. To travel around the world is not an impossible dream if you will strive for it.
5. To capture the best subject thrills me as a photojournalist.
6. To give birth to a wonderful baby makes a woman’s life complete.
7. To listen very carefully was all she asked from her students.
8. To jog every morning gives me the assurance of being healthy every day.
9. To join the ranking for Master Teacher II position means sleepless nights.
10. To strive hard for our studies makes our parents proud of us.
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 EVALUATION 11.

Directions: Make the infinitive phrase complete by adding OBJECT, SUBJECT

COMPLEMENT or MODIFIER.

1. To pray ________________ 6. To speak ___________________

2. To study _______________ 7. To cook ____________________
3. To practice _____________ 8. To show ___________________
4. To attend ______________ 9. To reach ___________________
5. To join ________________ 10. To help ____________________

E. The gerund (-ing verb) which functions as noun can function as subject of a sentence.

Example:

Subject verb

Driving makes his life complete.

Driving is the gerund that functions as a noun subject.

Driving is doing the action makes in the sentence.

EVALUATION 12.

Directions: Underline the gerund subject of each of the following sentences.

1. Swimming makes my body fit.

2. Listening skill is essential to learning.
3. Teaching is my mom’s responsibility and life as a teacher.
4. Reading teaches me how to write.
5. Dancing is also a revelation of emotion.
6. Exercising improves one’s figure.
7. Marrying is not the solution.
8. Killing is happening anywhere now.
9. Howling is a dog’s habit.
10. Leaving is a coward’s move.

EVALUATION 13.

Directions: Use each gerund in a sentence.

1. Writing
__________________________________________________________________
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 2. Singing
__________________________________________________________________
3. Biking
___________________________________________________________________
4. Playing
____________________________________________________________________
5. Flying
___________________________________________________________________

A gerund may also contain objects, subject complements or modifiers to make it a

gerund phrase and can function like a single noun.

Example:
Subject verb

Reading detective stories hooks me to keep on reading.

Reading is the gerund detective stories is the object to complete it as

a gerundial phrase. This functions as a single noun.

EVALUATION 14.

Directions: Underline the gerund phrase in the sentences below.

1. Helping the least does not need publicity.

2. Visiting our grandparents is what I do during weekends.
3. Praying without ceasing moves mountain.
4. Capturing extraordinary subjects is my goal as a photojournalist.
5. Sewing dresses is one of my favorite hobbies.
6. Leading a group is not an easy task.
7. Remembering the best memories cheers me up when I’m down.
8. Broadcasting skill needs proper training.
9. Walking every morning is a good exercise.
10. Trimming trees is what her father does during summer.

EVALUATION 15.

Directions: Complete the following gerunds below by adding object, determiner or modifier.

1. Listening _________________
2. Teaching _________________
3. Planting __________________
4. Swimming ________________
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5. Helping __________________
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 6. Cooking __________________
7. Watching _________________
8. Checking _________________
9. Washing __________________
10. Cleaning __________________

F. Noun Clause is a dependent clause that can act as a noun subject in a sentence.

Example:

Subject verb

Whoever wins in the competition will receive cash prize and house and lot.

Whoever wins in the competition is a noun clause that functions as a subject

and doing the action will receive in the sentence.

Remember:
A clause has subject and verb; while, a phrase is merely a group of words
without subject and verb.

EVALUATION 16.

Directions: Underline the noun clause that functions as subject in each sentence below.

1. Whatever happens is the fate that we need to accept.

2. How they solved the problem is not anymore our concern.
3. Whether you like it or not isn’t the big issue; but, we need to address what the
crowd clamors for.
4. Whose group wins will prepare and represent the school in the competition.
5. What you are doing helps me become stronger in faith.
6. Whatever you do for His sake counts most.
7. Whichever is your answer contributes points for her rank.
8. Why the panel placed you on top is not my business anymore.
9. Whatever you can share for the group is already a big help for everyone.
10. Whoever assigns you to do the task does not matter; but, go with readiness and
concentration.
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 III. THE PREDICATE

Once you have identified the subject, the remainder of the sentence tells us what the subject does
or did. This part of the sentence is the predicate.

Predicate always includes the verb and the words which come after the verb.

Subject predicate

My father drove the school bus.

My father is the subject; drove the school bus is the predicate.

THE VERB

Predicate starts from the verb of a sentence as it is actually the fundamental part of it. The rest of
the sentence, with the exception of the subject depends very much on the verb.

Example: I gave her the book.

Here we can see that the verb gave is followed immediately by a person (the indirect object)
which is also followed by the direct object of the verb the book.

Verbs also show a state of being. Such verbs, called BE VERBS or LINKING VERBS, include
words such as am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being, became, seem, appear, and sometimes
verbs of the senses like tastes, feels, looks, hears and smells.

Example

Apple and banana are my favorite fruits.

The verb are is a linking (be) verb.

Fortunately, there are only a limited number of different verb patterns. Verbs can describe the
action (something the subject actually does) or state (something that is true of the subject) of the
subject.

Example

ACTION: I teach Journalism twice a week.

STATE: I am a teacher.
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 Some verbs can represent both actions and states, depending on the context.
Example:
ACTION: He smells the aroma of the newly cooked dish.

STATE: The dish smells good.

EVALUATION 17. Underline the verb in each sentence; then write A on the blank if
the verb expresses action or S if it expresses a state of being.

__________1. The bread smells good.

__________2. She smells the fragrance of the orchids every morning.

__________3. He looks at me sincerely.

__________4. Yoda looks happy today.

__________5. It feels good to know that there are true friends.

__________6. My mom feels the warmth of my friend’s family.

__________7. The viand tastes better than the one prepared yesterday.

__________8. Our cook tastes the dish first before serving it for us.

__________9. The lady appears better today.

__________10. He showed me the right path.

LINKING VERBS can be found in the Subject- Linking Verb- Complement (S- LV- C)
pattern of sentence. The verb in the S- LV- C links or joins the subject with its complement. It is
called a linking verb. The complement may be a noun or adjective. If the complement is a noun,
it refers back to the subject. If the complement is an adjective, it describes the subject.

EVALUATION 18. Write the predicate noun or predicate adjective in the proper
column provided in the chart.

Predicate Nouns Predicate Adjectives

1. He is a famous news writer.
2. The weather is unfavorable.
3. They are our new classmates.
4. The candidates seemed nervous.
5. The announcement sounded clear in the
distance.
6. The grapes taste sweet.
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7. Grandma always appears healthy.

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 8. Life is a struggle.
9. My best friend is always generous.
10. Honesty is the best policy.

THE OBJECT

Some verbs have an object (always a noun or pronoun). The object is the person or thing affected
by the action described in the verb.

Objects come in two types, DIRECT and INDIRECT. The direct object refers to a person or
thing affected by the action of the verb, while the indirect refers to a person or thing who
receives the direct object.

• My daughter wrote the poem. the poem is the direct object as it is the thing
being affected by the verb wrote.
• Chrisel gave me the book. me is the indirect object as me is the beneficiary
of the action gave.

EVALUATION 19. Fill the blanks with the correct answers.

1. I met the child on my way to the market.

Verb: ____________
Who did I meet? ___________(Direct object)
2. Mother bought a new dress for me.
Verb: ____________
What did mother buy? __________(direct object)
3. We spend our summer vacation in preparing the Brigada Eskwela.
Verb: ____________
What do we spend? ____________(direct obect)
4. My friend collects mugs of different kinds.
Verb: ____________
What does my friend collect? _________ (direct object)
5. I introduced my parents to my adviser.
Verb: _____________
Who did I introduce to my adviser? ___________(direct object)
6. The media man gathered information about what happened in San Nicolas,
Pangasinan.
Verb: ____________
What did the media man gather? ____________( direct object)
7. Our teacher in English required a number of music video to be downloaded.
Verb: ___________
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What did our teacher in English require? ___________(direct object)

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 8. The principal presented the contenders for Mr. and Miss Intramurals.
Verb: ____________
Who did the principal present? ______________(direct object)
9. The lawyer presented the accused.
Verb: ______________
Who did the lawyer present? ______________ (direct object)
10. The utility men painted the roof green.
Verb: ______________
What did the utility paint? ______________(direct object)

EVALUATION 20. Fill the blanks with the correct answers.

1. My sister sent me budget for the party.

Verb: __________
What did my sister send? __________ (direct object)
To whom or for whom did my sister send the budget? ___________(indirect object)
2. I gave my computer extra time for scanning.
Verb: __________
What did I give? ____________ (direct object)
To what or for what did I give extra time? _______________ (indirect object)
3. The head introduced the audience The Public Key Staff for the school year 2017-
2018.
Verb: ______________
Who did the head introduce? _____________(direct object)
To whom or for whom did the head introduce The Public Key staff?____________
(indirect object)
4. I wrote my dad a poem for her birthday.
Verb: ___________
What did I write? ___________ (direct object)
To whom or for whom did I write the poem? ___________(indirect object)
5. The mentor provided his students enough handouts for research writing.
Verb: _____________
What did the mentor provide? _____________ (direct object)
To whom or for whom did the mentor provide handouts? _____________ (indirect
object)
6. As a second parent, the teacher always shows her students good examples.
Verb: ____________
What does the teacher show? ____________(direct object)
To whom or for whom does the teacher show good examples? _________________
(indirect object)
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 7. The grandfather made the boy a toy.
Verb: _____________
What did the grandfather make? _____________ (direct object)
To whom or for whom did the father make a toy? _________________(indirect
object)
8. The heroes showed us the way.
Verb: _____________
What did the heroes show? _______________(direct object)
To whom or for whom did the heroes show the way? ______________ (indirect
object)
9. History gives us lessons.
Verb: ___________
What does history give us? _____________ (direct object)
To whom or for whom does history give lessons? ______________( indirect object)
10. Masters buy their dogs bones.
Verb: ___________
What do masters buy their dogs? ______________(direct object)
To what or for what do masters buy bones? _______________( indirect object)

EVALUATION 21. Underline the verb of the sentences below and identify the
word/words in uppercase if direct or indirect object. Write your answers on the blanks provided.

1. Tayug National High School students take THEIR SNACKS at nine thirty in the
morning.
________________
2. The Supreme Student Government president is presenting HIS WORKPLAN to the
members.
________________
3. She asks ME questions on news writing.
________________
4. I prepared MOM salad on her birthday.
________________
5. I called MY DOG Yoda.
________________
6. Each of the contestants delivered THE PIECE with confidence.
________________
7. My best friend bought HER MOTHER the best gown for the awarding rites.
________________
8. The Judge found THE ACCUSED guilty of the crime.
________________
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9. My grandfather bought MY SISTER a car when she passed the Nursing Board
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Examination.
 ________________
10. The group watches HORROR MOVIES during weekend.
_______________

EVALUATION 22. Complete the sentence by adding an object in each of the

following verbs.

1. She wrote ______________

2. My dad cooked ___________
3. The boy scouts help ____________
4. The class speaks ______________
5. My best friend gave ____________
6. He printed _______________
7. The stakeholder donated ______________
8. Teacher Annie was teaching _____________
9. We visited __________
10. They followed _____________

TRANSITIVE/ INTRANSITIVE VERBS

Verbs which don’t have an object are called intransitive. Some verbs can only be
intransitive (disagree) in addition they cannot be used in the Passive voice e.g. smile, come, go,
fall.

She smiled.

Smiled who or what? none.

Smiled to whom or for whom/ to what or for what? None.

Hence, the verb smiled has no object.

Verbs that have an object are called transitive verbs e.g. eat, drive, give.

Jesus gave us his life.

Gave who or what? his life.

Gave to whom or for whom/ to what or for what? To us.

Hence, the verb gave has an indirect object US and the direct
object HIS LIFE.

Some verbs can be transitive or intransitive e.g. sing

The beauty titlist sings. –intransitive

The beauty titlist sings pop songs. --transitive

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 EVALUATION 23. Underline the verb of each sentence below and identify if the verb
is TRANSITIVE or INTRANSITIVE.

1. The Moriones festival features the celebration of Holy Week in Marinduque.

________________
2. Banks close at two o’clock in the afternoon.
________________
3. Oil is leaking.
________________
4. The poster showed the beauty of the garden.
________________
5. Angie and George operate the scoreboard.
________________
6. The house burned.
_______________
7. Computers crash.
_______________
8. The principal spoke at twelve o’clock in the blazing sun.
__________________
9. Yoda ate the newly bought dog food.
__________________
10. We witnessed how they killed the man.
__________________

EVALUATION 24. Fill in the blanks with the correct part of sentence that is missing.
Underline the missing part indicated inside the parenthesis.

1. The house _________ attractive. (linking verb, action verb)

2. The author wrote a ___________.(direct object, indirect object)
3. _________ loves flowers.(subject, predicate)
4. _________ designs a house.(subject, predicate)
5. Mother reads ____________bible stories every night. (direct, indirect object)
6. Dear God, teach ___________ the proper thing to do when troubles come in
battalions. (direct object, indirect object)
7. We wished _______ everything good on her birthday.(direct object, indirect object)
8. __________ is writing him regularly.(subject, predicate)
9. The Lady in red __________________________.(subject, predicate)
10. Praying ________________________________.(subject, predicate)
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 EVALUATION 25. Identify the underlined part of the sentence if it is S for SUBJECT
or IV for INTRANSITIVE VERB. Write your answer on the blank provided at end of each
sentence.

1. Baby cries. _____ 6. Parents love._____

2. Child plays. _____ 7. Teacher teaches. _____
3. Tourists traveled _____ 8. Old man walks. _____
4. Poets wrote. _____ 9. Students listen. _____
5. Rain pours. _____ 10. Girls smile. _____

INTRANSITIVE VERBS usually found in Subject- Intransitive Verb (S- IV) pattern of
sentence. This pattern has two elements, the subject and the predicate. The predicate has
an intransitive verb. The intransitive verb does not need an object and it is complete in
itself. The verb may have other words with it which maybe an adverb, phrase modifier or
word modifiers that answer the questions where? When? How? Or why?

(Subject) Dogs bark. (Intransitive verb)

EVALUATION 26. Read each sentence below and pick the SUBJECT and
INTRANSITIVE VERB. Write them in the space provided for.

Example: That girl carrying a big book comes every Wednesday to clean my office.

Answer: Girl comes

S IV

1. The gift which I received on my birthday glows in the dark.

________________ _________________
S IV
2. The little child lying in bed sleeps with her teddy bear.

________________ __________________
S IV
3. The old tower beside the church still stands.

_______________ _________________
S IV
4. My former teacher who has just arrived talks about her stay in Hawaii.

_______________ _________________
S IV

5. The three qualifiers to the National Press Conference prepare for the writing tilt.

______________ _________________
S IV
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6. Everybody young and old alike prepared for the town fiesta.
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______________ _________________
 S IV
7. The mabolo tree which my mom planted became very big.

______________ ________________
S IV

8. The old house which my father bought still stays very sturdy.

______________ ________________
S IV

9. The speaker last Sunday spoke persuasively.

______________ ________________
S IV
10. All students entered when the bell rang.

_____________ _______________
S IV

TRANSITIVE VERB can be found in the Subject- Transitive Verb- Direct Object (S-
TV- DO) pattern of sentence. There are three elements in this sentence pattern. In here
the verb which is transitive is an action verb that needs a direct object and functions as a
receiver of the action expressed by the verb. The Direct object answers the questions
what? or whom?

S TV DO
Verna brought fragrant flowers for the altar last Sunday.

S-subject, TV- transitive verb, DO- direct object

EVALUATION 27. Underline the transitive verb in each sentence, and draw an arrow
from the verb to its object.

1. We attended the 2017 Brigada Eskwela Awarding Rites at the CB Mall.

2. Tayug National High School received a Hall of Fame award in Brigada Eskwela.
3. My sister bought pizza at Shakey’s yesterday.
4. Lightning hit the old mango tree beside our barn.
5. The students submitted their project before the first periodic examination.
6. They watched horror movie last night.
7. She wrote a poem for her dad’s birthday.
8. The campus journalists gathered data on the event happened last Monday.
9. TNHS batch ’85 donated 20 bicycles for poor but deserving students.
10. She recited the poem with perfect diction.

Transitive verbs can also be found in the Subject- Transitive Verb- Indirect Object-
Direct Object (S- TV- IO- DO) pattern of sentence. In this pattern, an indirect object is
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added after the transitive verb. Indirect object answers the questions to whom or to what?
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 for whom or for what?

S TV IO DO
My best friend taught me several recipes.

S- subject, TV- transitive verb, IO- indirect object,

DO- direct object

EVALUATION 28. Identify the subject, transitive verb, indirect object and direct object of
each sentences below by writing S (for subject), TV (for transitive verb), IO (for Intransitive
Verb) DO (for direct object).

Example:
S TV IO DO
Duchess offered her mom a lovely bouquet of red roses on her birthday.

1. I told them the true story.

2. Jesus promised his believers an abundant life.
3. I wrote my friend a poem.
4. The teacher gave her students a difficult assignment for the long week end.
5. Liza promised her daughter a gift.
6. Kids showcase their best talents in the TV Show The Little Big Shots.
7. The teacher offered the slow learners a module for learning intervention.
8. Father sent his son an allowance for his birthday celebration.
9. The president promised us a drug-free country.
10. The baby brings the family unending joy.

IV- TYPES OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

Sentences maybe classified according to purpose

1. Declarative- states a thought or an idea; ends with a period.

2. Interrogative- asks a question; ends with a question mark.
3. Imperative- gives a command or makes a request; ends with a period
4. Exclamatory- expresses a strong feeling; ends with an exclamatory point.

EVALUATION 29. In the blank, write DEC if the sentence is declarative; IN if

interrogative; IM if imperative, and EX, if exclamatory.

1. It was an amazing performance. ______________

2. Was it an amazing performance? _____________
3. What an amazing performance it was! ____________
4. Make it an amazing performance. ___________
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5. Please make it an amazing performance. _____________

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6. Why should I delete those messages? ______________

 7. Please don’t listen to that man.___________
8. Love the Lord your God with all your heart. ___________
9. Kindly do this favor for me. ____________
10. Have you eaten your breakfast? __________
11. Learn to segregate your garbage. ___________
12. People need the Lord. ___________
13. Your name sounds familiar. __________
14. What are your plans after high school? ___________
15. Are you a native of Pangasinan? ___________
16. Only you can help yourself. _________
17. Please listen to the directions. _____________
18. What a horrible place! _________
19. Leave the area now. ___________
20. I don’t need you as well! _________

V- KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO FORM

Sentences according to form or structure are classified as simple, compound, complex and
compound- complex. The number and the types of clauses found in the sentence indicate the type
of the sentence.

A. A simple sentence consists of only one independent clause (one subject and one
predicate). A subject or a predicate however, can be simple or compound.

a. Simple subject and simple predicate

He read the book.

b. Simple subject and compound predicate

He read the book and learned about God’s love.

c. Compound subject and simple predicate

He and Hero read the book.

d. Compound subject and compound predicate

He and Hero read the book and learned about God’s love.

EVALUATION 30. Identify the forms of subject and predicate in each of the
following sentences.

In the blank write…

SS + SP for simple subject and simple predicate

SS + CP for simple subject and compound predicate

CS + SP for compound subject and simple predicate

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CS + CP for compound subject and compound predicate

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 ______________1. I am a grade 10 student.

______________2. She received a bouquet of red roses and a red sash.

______________3. My mom and dad talked to my adviser and got my card.

______________4. The PTA president and the principal talked about the scholarship of some

students in the Junior High School.

______________5. He has been an Editor- in- chief of the official school organ for three years.

______________6. The adviser and critics of Campus Journalism attended the Division

Training.

______________7. Members of Radio Broadcasters wrote the script and did the simulcast.

______________8. Christmas celebration is for young and old.

______________9. Dogs and cats can be good friends too.

______________10. She was a great teacher in writing.

B. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses or simple sentences

put together using either of the following:

a. A comma and a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
Example:
Tayug National High School placed first in the 2017 Brigada Eskwela
Best Implementer, and it received the Hall of Fame award.

b. A semi- colon
Example:
Tayug National High School placed first in the 2017 Brigada Eskwela
Best Implementer; it received the Hall of Fame Award.

c. A conjunctive adverb
Example:
Tayug National High School placed first in the 2017 Brigada Eskwela
Best Implementer; consequently, it received the Hall of Fame award.

EVALUATION 31. Form a compound sentence by combining the pair of simple

sentences. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) in doing
so. Write your answers in the space provided for.

1. Parents love their children.

They always think of their children’s safety.
_____________________________________________________________________

2. All parents have dreams for their children.

They strive hard to earn a living.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Parents can’t bear to see their kids suffering.

They see their kids fail in life.
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_____________________________________________________________________
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 4. Respect your parents.
You will be blessed.
_____________________________________________________________________

5. Parents’ love is untiring.

They also need love and encouragement.
_____________________________________________________________________

6. My mother has been a busy person.

She can’t sleep without seeing me asleep first.
_____________________________________________________________________

7. Your father and my father are alike.

They are both fond of telling bedtime stories.
_____________________________________________________________________

8. There are fathers who are drunkards.

They are not admirable ones.
_____________________________________________________________________

9. Her parents wake up very early to work in the farm.

They still have time to check on their children’s needs in the school.
_____________________________________________________________________

10. There are parents who aren’t home for how many years.
They maintain communication with their children.
_____________________________________________________________________

EVALUATION 32. Form a compound sentence by combining the paired simple

sentences. Use appropriate punctuations and an appropriate connector (moreover, then, hence,
however) in doing so.

1. Her dad is now a free man. He is very happy to see his family safe and sound.
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Arvin did his best during the competition. He qualified to join the National Press
Conference.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Louise tried to do the same. He failed.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. Joshua couldn’t speak Filipino medium. He remained in the top ten.

_____________________________________________________________________

5. There are a lot of trials in life. Her mom remained strong.

_____________________________________________________________________

6. They found the victim dead. He suffered from multiple stab wounds and gunshots.
_____________________________________________________________________
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 7. One’s orientation about education is important. It helps one pursue and succeed in
life.
_____________________________________________________________________

8. My father wakes up early for his coffee. Proceeds to his works in the field.
_____________________________________________________________________

9. First, Mikee brainstorms about the topic. She carefully writes the contents of her
feature article.
_____________________________________________________________________

10. She belongs to a poor family. She graduated Cumlaude.

_____________________________________________________________________

EVALUATION 33. This time, form a compound sentence by using a semi- colon to
combine the paired sentences. Notice that the items used in activity 34 are the same items given
below.

1. Her dad is now a free man. He is very happy to see his family safe and sound.
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Arvin did his best during the competition. He qualified to join the National Press
Conference.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Louise tried to do the same. He failed.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. Joshua couldn’t speak Filipino medium. He remained in the top ten.

_____________________________________________________________________

5. There are a lot of trials in life. Her mom remained strong.

_____________________________________________________________________

6. They found the victim dead. He suffered from multiple stab wounds and gunshots.
_____________________________________________________________________

7. One’s orientation about education is important. It helps one pursue and succeed in
life.
_____________________________________________________________________

8. My father wakes up early for his coffee. Proceeds to his works in the field.
_____________________________________________________________________

9. First, Mikee brainstorms about the topic. She carefully writes the contents of her
feature article.
_____________________________________________________________________

10. She belongs to a poor family. She graduated Cumlaude.

_____________________________________________________________________
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 C. A complex sentence consists of one main clause/independent clause and one or more
subordinate/ dependent clauses. In this sentence, the subordinate clause is always used as a noun
or a modifier. If it is a modifier, the subordinate clause modifies a word in the main clause.

Examples:

noun
She placed 16th in the Nursing Board Examination that was given in the year 2015.
main clause/independent subordinate clause as
a modifier of a noun in
the main clause
verb
Miss Pangilinan can’t attend to her class if her daddy is still sick.
main clause subordinate clause
as modifier of verb
in the main clause

Complex sentences containing noun clauses are somewhat different. The noun clause
maybe used as a noun within the main clause. The noun clause in other words, is a part of the
main clause.

Examples: noun clause as a subject

And part of the main clause
How she survived is out of your business anymore.

Main clause (underlined)

Noun clause as direct object

And part of the main clause
The man can’t remember who he is after the accident.

Main clause (underlined)

As shown above, neither the main clause nor the noun clause can stand by itself.
However, a sentence containing one main clause and a noun clause is also regarded as a
complex sentence.

EVALUATION 34. The following are complex sentences. Underline the subordinate
clause and encircle the word or phrase it modifies.

1. Some children who love outing don’t understand why their parents are strict.
2. The young lady who is wearing a red skirt won in the singing competition yesterday.
3. She received a prize which is a scholarship grant in Canada.
4. The best friend is he who could lay down his life for his friend.
5. Nobody can join the group if he can’t sacrifice at least two hours every Saturday.
6. I can’t understand what it was about.
7. He is glad he belongs to a group which brings out the best writer in him.
8. The little child whose talent was about memory game has been well admired.
9. The little baby can’t sleep if her mom is not by her side.
10. The school heads who attended the conference last August appreciated the
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improvement of our school.

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 D. A compound- complex sentence contains two or more main clause and one or more
subordinate clause.

Examples: main clause main clause

If you drink, do not drive; If you drive, do not drink.

Subordinate clause Subordinate clause

EVALUATION 35. The following are compound- complex sentences. Underline the
two main clauses in each sentence below.

1. If one wants to become a writer, he needs to be a reader; however, if he wants to

become a better writer, he needs to practice more.

2. When I was a child, I spoke like a child; when I became a man, I put away my
childish ways.

3. Because many do not listen to what I said, the group needs to be divided into four
smaller groups, and each group needs to report after this small group discussion.

4. People are blessed when they trust God despite hardship, and they keep on serving
God.

5. The adviser of the school organ who was newly assigned does not merely teach the
staff to write, but she also teaches them how to become a well- disciplined writer.

Prepared by:
ELIZABETH T. ABULENCIA
Master Teacher I
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