Khan et al., The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 22(2): 2012, Page:J.

403-407
Anim. Plant Sci. 22(2):2012
ISSN: 1018-7081

GOMAL-8, A HIGH YIELDING, DISEASE TOLERANT WHEAT VARIETY FOR

IRRIGATED AREAS
M. H. Khan, N. Din, A. A. Khakwani, M. S. Baloch, M. Zubair* and A.W. Khan**

Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan

*
Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
**
Rice Program, National Agricultural Research Center, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Wheat variety Gomal-8, having parentage/pedigree “ATTILA” CM85836-4Y-0M-0Y-14M-0Y-5M-0Y-1SJ-0Y-0AP,
was first tested at the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Dera Ismail Khan, during the year 1999-2000 in Regional
Bread Wheat Yield Trial (RBWYT) received from Centro International de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT),
Mexico. Out of 24 lines tested, high yielding and disease resistant line (DN-38) was selected which was then tested in
various Preliminary Yield Trials (A-Test, B-Test, Micro Plot Trial) under irrigated condition at ARI, Dera Ismail Khan,
during 2000-01. DN-38 was then included in Advanced Yield Trial (AYT) during 2001-02 and National Uniform Wheat
Yield Trials (NUWYT) for two consecutive years from 2005-07. In NUWYT, DN-38 showed its dominance in high
yield and resistance to yellow and leaf rusts. On the basis of its overall performance, DN-38 (Gomal-8) was approved by
the Provincial Seed Council (PSC) as new wheat variety for general cultivation in irrigated areas of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The optimum sowing time for Gomal-8 is from 25th October to 25th November in KPK.
Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., variety, yield, disease resistance.

INTRODUCTION 2007). Rusts cause significant reduction in yield and pose

a constant threat to sustainable production in all wheat
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is low in growing countries including Pakistan (Sing and Julio,
Pakistan as compare to other leading wheat producing 2006). To overcome this problem, the cultivation of rust
countries like USA and China (Anonymous, 2009-10). It resistant varieties is a viable solution (Anonymous, 2005;
is staple food for the people of Pakistan occupying 70% (Bakhsh et al., 2005).
of Rabi and 37% of the total cropped area of the country. The development of wheat germplasm resistant
In KPK, wheat is grown on 40% of the total cropped area to prevailing diseases is pivotal to cater for the need of
(Khan, 2011). Wheat is annually cultivated on about 0.90 increasing population of the country. Moreover, the
million hectares with a total production of 2.38 million availability of germplasm with diverse genetic makeup
tons in Pakistan (Anonymous, 2009-10). The current provides an opportunity to breeders to select material
average yield (1.84 t ha-1) is very low, leading to overall conducive to local environment (Dixen et al., 2009). The
low wheat productivity in the province. The major wheat continuous development of high yielding and disease
yield limiting factor, especially in irrigated areas, is the resistant varieties such as Zam-04 (Uddin et al., 2005)
leaf and yellow rusts, which can reduce grain yield up to Hashim-8 (Khan et al., 2011), Pirsabak-2008 (Shah et al.,
50% depending upon the severity and its time of 2010) and Fareed-06 (Hussain et al., 2010) is a step
incidence. In central upper Punjab and in KPK, yellow forward towards higher wheat productivity in the country.
rust was observed 10MSS to 60S (Afzal, 2009). Stripe In addition to yield and resistance to disease and draught,
rust expressed its severity during 2004-05 in the upper acceptability of wheat variety also depends upon
Punjab and KPK which caused serious reduction in wheat nutritional statures that affect Chapati quality as well as
production. Such outbreaks has emphasized to avoid suitability of wheat to various breakfast and
monoculture of a single wheat variety and to identify confectionaries products. Wheat has been reported to
yellow rust resistant wheat varieties and their cultivation provide 73% of the calorie and protein requirements of
according to different ecological zones. Development and the daily diet (Arif et al., 2010)
adoption of high yielding wheat varieties with narrow Current wheat variety Gomal-8 has shown its
genetic base has led to cultivating fewer varieties over a superiority in yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic
large area that has created genetic vulnerability to stress stresses in all trials including A and B tests, micro plot
(Afzal, 2009). trial (MPT), advanced yield trial and finally in NUWYT
Rusts are the most destructive and widely during 2005 to 2007. This variety, having parentage/
recognized diseases of wheat crop (Qamar and Niks, pedigree as ATTILA CM85836-4Y-0M-0Y-14M-0Y-
5M-0Y-1SJ-0Y-0AP, was developed after years of

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untiring efforts of wheat scientists at the Agricultural RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Research Institute (ARI), Dera Ismail Khan. The research
team, consists of highly qualified staff members, has Performance of Gomal-8 in Preliminary Nursery: The
developed several other high yielding wheat varieties in variety Gomal-8 (DN-38) was received from RBWYT
the past which include Dera-98, Daman-98, Naseer-2000, during the year 1999-2000. Out of 24 lines tested, entry
Raj, Zam-04 and Hashim-8. These varieties have been No. 4 in the said trial produced 23% higher grain yield
under cultivation in different parts of KPK (Uddin et al., (4342 kg ha-1) than check variety Dera-98 (3340 kg ha-1)
2000, 2005; Khan and Khan, 2010). at ARI, Dera Ismail Khan and was selected for further
Gomal-8 is high yielding, input responsive and testing (Table-1).
has wider adoptability. Therefore, this variety is
recommended for general cultivation in irrigated areas of Performance of Gomal-8 in Preliminary and
Dera Ismail Khan and other parts of KPK. Advanced Yield Trials: The variety was evaluated for
yield, disease resistance and other agronomic traits in
various replicated trials. This variety produced grain yield
MATERIALS AND METHODS
of 3883 and 4009 kg ha-1, which was higher than that
produced by check varieties Dera-98 (3841 kg ha-1) in
Wheat variety Gomal-8 (ATTILA CM85836-
PYT during 2000-01 and Zam-04 (2986 kg ha-1) in AYT
4Y-0M-0Y-14M-0Y-5M-0Y-1SJ-0Y-0AP) was received
during 2001-02 (Tables 1-3).
from CIMMYT, Mexico through National Agricultural
Research Center (NARC), Islamabad and from 1999- Performance of Gomal-8 in National Uniform Wheat
2000 to 2006-07, for a period of seven years, the variety Yield Trials (NUWYT): In NUWYT testing, Gomal-8
passed through various trials and finally approved for produced 4% higher grain yield than the local checks in 6
general cultivation. At the outset, the variety was put into sites of KPK and 39 sites of Pakistan including Azad
the trial called Regional Breed Wheat Yield Trial Jammu and Kashmir (Table-4) during the year 2005-06.
(RBWYT) in 1999-2000. The trial was planted at ARI, Similarly, this variety produced 4.5% higher grain yield
Dera Ismail Khan in a randomized complete block design in 5 sites of KPK and 1.4% more grain yield as compared
with three replications during the year 1999-2000. Land to local checks in 36 sites of Pakistan including Azad
preparation, irrigation, fertilization and all other Jammu and Kashmir during the second year NUWYT
agronomic practices were adopted as recommended for testing (Table-5).
the area. Standard checks (Dera-98 and Zam-04) were
Disease reaction: According to NUWYT data (2005-06
also included for comparison.
and 2006-07), Gomal-8 was one of the four candidate
This line was again tested in Micro Plot Trial
lines, which was found completely resistant to leaf and
(MPT) in a randomized complete block design with four
yellow rusts at all locations across the country. During
replications during 2000-2001. Each plot consisted of 6
2005-06, the candidate line was evaluated in NUWYT for
rows, 30 cm apart and 5 m long. Based on good
yellow and leaf rusts along with terminal reaction,
performance in grain yield and resistance to diseases, this
average coefficient of infection (ACI), country average
line was included in Advanced Yield Trial (AYT) during
relative percentage attack (CARPA) and relative
2001-02. Recommended doses of fertilizers @ 150-120-
resistance index (RRI). Gomal-8 showed a desirable
90 NPK kg ha-1 were applied in all trials throughout the
relative resistance index (RRI) of 8.0 for yellow rust
testing period. It was finally sent to NARC, Islamabad for
(YR) and 6.0 for leaf rust (LR) during 2005-06 and 9.0
inclusion in National Uniform Wheat Yield Trial
for yellow rust and 8.0 for leaf rust during 2006-07
(NUWYT) in 2005-06 under irrigated conditions. Its
(Table-6).
performance was tested across the country in 2005-06.
DN-38 was retested in NUWYT during the year 2006-07. General characteristics of Gomal-8: It has erect growth
For yield determination, four central rows were harvested habit with 90-100cm plant height and 5-6cm stem
in all trials. Rust infection scoring was done according to diameter. It has stiff stem thickness and completely
the methods as described by Stakman et al. (1962) and resistant to shattering and lodging. Gomal-8 produces
the protocols followed by Crop Disease Research 135-150 tillers (m-2). Flag leaf is erect with 25 and 2cm
Institute (CDRI), Islamabad (Anonymous, 2000a). Wheat length and width, respectively. Ear emergence takes place
quality parameters were evaluated according to methods after 75-85 days after sowing (DAS) while crop matures
set by AOAC (Helrich, 1990) and AACC methods after 140-150 DAS. Ear is medium having 10-12cm
(2000b). Data on seed yield and yield related traits were length. Its grains are bold with attractive amber color.
recorded and statistically analyzed (Steel et al., 1997) Seed is oval shaped having 7, 4 and 3mm length, width
using MSTATC computer program (MSTATC, 1991). and thickness, respectively.
Means were compared using Fisher’s protected least
Quality characteristics: DN-38 was evaluated for
significant difference (LSD) procedure.
quality parameters including kernel weight (g), test

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Table-1. Grain yield (kg ha-1) of Gomal-8 (DN-38) in Table-4:Pooled yield (kg ha-1) analysis of wheat varieties
comparison to the checks in various yield included in NUWYT (Irrigated) during 2005-06.
tests conducted from 1999-2000 to 2006-07.
Pakistan
NWFP
NUWYT including
DN- % Line/ Variety (Source) (5
Test Year Local Check No. AJK (42
38 Increase sites)
sites)
RBWYT 1999- 4342 3340 (Dera-98) 23 %
1. V-03158 AARI-FSD 3783 3570
(E # 4) 2000
2. V-022668 AARI-BPUR 3714 3418
MPT-2 2000- 3883 3841 (Dera-98) 2%
2KC050 BARI-
(IR) 2001 3. 4229 3678
CHAKWAL
AYT 2001-02 4009 2986 (Zam-04) 26 %
4. DN-38 ARI-DIK 3948 3652
NUWYT 2005-06 3933 3786 (Local 4%
5. CT-99022 NIFA-PESH 4069 3711
(NWFP) Check)
6. V-9316 UAF 3388 3203
NUWYT 2006-07 3000 2864 (Local 4.5 %
V-00BT034 BIOTECH-
(NWFP) Check) 7. 3887 3608
AARI
NUWYT 2005-06 3662 3506 (Local 4%
8. V-01078 AARI-FSD 4124 3834
(N) Check)
9. V-15-10 NIA-T.JAM 3084 3080
NUWYT 3530 (Local
2006-07 3583 1.4 % 10. NR-270 NARC 3701 3352
(N) Check)
11. V-03079 AARI-FSD 4233 3744
RBWYT (Regional Bread Wheat Yield Trial)
MPT (Micro Plot Trial) AYT (Advanced Yield Trial) 12. PR-88 CCRI-PIRSABAK 4003 3535
NUWYT (National Uniform Wheat Yield Trial) 13. V-002495-A AARI-BPUR 3481 3428
14. Q.S-1 QAARI-LARKANA 2871 2869
15. V-02192 AARI-FSD 4044 3625
Table-2. Grain yield (kg ha-1) of Gomal-8 (DN-38) in PYT
16. PR-84 CCRI-PIRSABAK 3882 3484
(Normal) at ARI, D.I.Khan during 2000-01.
17. MARIA ARS-SWAT 3115 2893
18. INQILAB-91 CHECK 3596 3674
Entry No. Grain yield (kg ha-1) 19. MALIR WRI-SAKRAND 3683 3654
1 4175 ab 20. Local Check 3931 3524
2 4008 abc LSD0.05 241.8 58.4
3 3298 cde
4 (DN-38) 3883 a-d Table-5: Pooled yield (kg ha-1) analysis of wheat varieties
5 3897 a-d included in NUWYT (Irrigated) during 2006-07.
6 4133 ab
7 3966 abc Pakistan
8 4258 a NWFP
NUWYT including
9 3424 b-e Line/ Variety (Source) (4
No. AJK (42
10 3006 e sites)
sites)
11 3131 de 1. PR-89 CCRI-Pirsabak 2829 3445
Local Check (Dera-98) 3841 a-d 2. AUP-4606 Ag.Un.Peshawar 2755 3520
Means followed by different letter(s) in a column are significant 3. MPT-7 WRI-Sakrand 2608 3187
at 5% level of probability. 4. TW0107 AZRI-Bhakkar 2855 3368
5. V-03079 AARI-Faisalabad 3206 3859
Table-3.Grain yield (kg ha-1) of Gomal-8 (DN-38) in 6. CT-99022 NIFA-Peshawar 2918 3640
AYT at ARI, D.I.Khan during 2001-02. 7. V-04188 AARI-Faisalabad 2983 3582
8. 2KC050 BARI-Chakwal 2945 3733
Entries Grain yield (kg ha-1) 9. PR-88 CCRI-Pirsabak 2918 3449
10. V-033010 RARI-Bahawalpur 2981 3639
DN – 22 3344 cd
11. V-04189 AARI-Faisalabad 3117 3879
DN – 26 3069 d 12. V-9244 U. Agri. Faisalabad 2709 3456
DN – 27 3316 cd 13. Seher-2006 Check 3151 3858
DN – 35 2524 e 14. NR-285 NARC-Islamabad 2880 3668
DN – 36 3000 de 15. V-03138 AARI-Faisalabad 2964 3629
DN – 37 3613 bc 16. DN-38 ARI-D.I.Khan 3000 3583
DN – 38 4009 b 17. V-032862 RARI-Bahawalpur 3075 3764
DN – 39 3019 de 18. MALIR WRI-Sakrand 2859 3542
DN – 47 5192 a 19. MSH-14 NIA-Tandojam 2770 3539
20. Local Check 2864 3530
Local Check (Zam-04) 2986 de
LSD0.05 198 51
LSD0.05 531.4
Means followed by different letter(s) in a column are significant
at 5% level of probability. weight (kg ha-1), PSI, grain ASH (%), grain protein (%),
gluten consistency, wet gluten (%), dry gluten (%), SDS

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value (cc) as shown in Table-5. Gomal-8 was found at Table-6. Disease reaction data of candidate lines
par with other approved wheat varieties regarding physio- found resistant to both rusts in NUWYT
chemical qualities. The quality evaluation report revealed 2005-06 and 2006-07.
that DN-38 possesses all desirable attributes including
31.34% wet gluten, 1.55% ash and 13.65% protein 2005-06 2006-07
(Table-7). DN-38 (Goml-8) is well adapted in the Name Category
Lr Yr Lr Yr
irrigated areas of KPK which can be sown from 25th 99FJ03 Rainfed 5.0 9.0 9.0 7.1
October to 25th November. Gomal-8 was approved by NR-268 Rainfed 8.0 9.0 9.0 8.0
the Provincial Seed Council, KPK, for general cultivation DN-38 Seeding date 6.0 8.0 7.2 7.5
in 2008. The addition of this variety will help in 2KC050 Seeding date 7.0 8.0 8.6 8.3
increasing per unit wheat yield in KPK. Source: NUWYT 2005-06, 2006-07

Table-7. Quality evaluation of NUWYT entries during 2005-06.

A – NUWYT (Seeding date trial)

NUWYT Line 1000- Test PSI Grain Grain Gluten Wet Dry SDS
No. Kernel Weight Ash Protein Consis- Gluten Gluten Value
Wt. (g) (kg/ha) (%) (% d.b) tancy (%) (%) (cc)
1 V-03158 33.2 75.1 39 1.596 12.30 S 29.15 9.54 30
2 V-022668 34 71.95 61 2.112 15.43 MS 37.59 11.99 38
3 2KC050 37.5 71.9 43 1.643 12.49 S 21.45 7.23 23
4 DN-38 39.6 74.2 40 1.55 13.65 W 31.34 9.19 24
5 CT-99022 36.3 73.15 58 1.374 13.55 S 21.34 7.43 22
6 V-9316 37.4 69.3 40 1.533 13.00 S 28.63 9.62 39
7 V-00BT034 40.6 75.4 40 1.547 12.16 S 32 10.02 30.5
8 V-1078 44.9 78.1 40 1.457 14.79 MS 34.55 10.58 34
9 V-15-10 26.4 71.7 39 2.07 15.81 S 40.04 12.34 32.5
10 NR-270 - - - - - - - - -
11 V-03079 36.3 75.8 40 1.493 14.84 MS 35.46 11.42 38
12 PR-88 38.9 74.8 44 1.334 14.16 S 19.58 6.82 22
13 V002495A 33.4 73 62 1.931 15.21 MS 35.35 10.89 33.5
14 Q.5-1 39.2 72.5 56 2.1 12.25 S 26.49 8.61 20.05
15 V-02192 31.8 76.1 60 1.33 11.46 S 21.44 7.48 22
16 PR-84 39.9 74.6 44 1.378 11.44 MS 27.83 8.91 22
17 Maria 27.3 67.15 42 1.362 11.65 MS 27.01 9.26 35
18 Inqilab-91 38.5 78.6 40 1.423 13.11 S 30.94 10.36 39
19 Malir 33.7 77.6 44 1.742 12.45 S 29.69 9.17 30
20 Local Check - - - - - - - - -

Anonymous, (2000a). Wheat rust. CDRI, TARC, Karachi

Acknowledgement: The provision of wheat screening 75270.
nurseries from CIMMYT, Mexico for evaluation in local Anonymous, (2000b). Approved methods of the
environment in coordination with NARC is gratefully American Association of Cereal Chemists, 10th
acknowledged. edition: 21–24.
Anonymous, (2005). Report of screening of advance lines
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