hours stuexam grade Step 1: State the hypotheses
8 82 Ho = There is no correlation of hours studied with the exam grade
11 94 Ha = There is a correlation of hours of studies with the exam grade
3 70
6 75 Step 2: State the significance.
14 98 Test a at 0.05 level of significance.
9 80
2 68 Step 3: Choosing the statistical test
0 53 Pearson correlation
7 76
13 87 Step 4: Test Statistics
10 89 r 0.86046244 r squared 0.74039561
4 83 N: 13 74% variability of the grade can be explained
9 72 T statistic 5.60108604
DF 11
r p value 0.00016005
N:
T statistic SUMMARY OUTPUT
DF (N-2)
p value Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.86046244
R Square 0.74039561
Adjusted R S 0.71679521
Standard Erro 6.38603865
Observations 13
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Regression 1 1279.40361 1279.40361 31.3721649
Residual 11 448.596386 40.7814896
Total 12 1728
CoefficientsStandard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept 61.0722892 3.65812491 16.694971 3.67488E-09
hours studied 2.42771084 0.43343573 5.60108604 0.00016005
Step 5: Make a statistical decision
Reject Ho because p-value is less that 0.05.
Step 6: Write a conclusion.
There is a significant positive relationship betweem the number of hours spent stud
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.86046244
R Square 0.74039561
Adjusted R S 0.71679521
Standard Erro 6.38603865
Observations 13
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Regression 1 1279.40361 1279.40361 31.3721649
Residual 11 448.596386 40.7814896
Total 12 1728
CoefficientsStandard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept 61.0722892 3.65812491 16.694971 3.67488E-09
X Variable 1 2.42771084 0.43343573 5.60108604 0.00016005
1 perfect correlation
exam grade 0.81-0.99 strong correlation
0.71-0.8 good correlation
0.51-0.7 weak correlation
0.01-0.5 poor correlation
0 no correlation
74.039561
of the grade can be explained by hours studied
The coefficient of determination, R2, is used to analyze how differences in one variable can be explained by a differe
More specifically, R-squared gives you the percentage variation in y explained by x-variables. The range is
Significance F
0.00016005
Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
53.0208105 69.1237678 53.0208105104309 69.1237678
1.47372522 3.38169646 1.47372522361153 3.38169646
number of hours spent studying and the grade of the exam, r (11)=.86, p<0.05.
Significance F
0.00016005
Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
53.0208105 69.1237678 53.0208105104309 69.1237678
1.47372522 3.38169646 1.47372522361153 3.38169646
n be explained by a difference in a second variable. For example, when a person gets pregnant has a direct relation to when th
-variables. The range is 0 to 1 (i.e. 0% to 100% of the variation in y can be explained by the x-variables).
nt has a direct relation to when they give birth.
y the x-variables).
hours studie exam grade
8 82
11 94 SUMMARY OUTPUT
3 70
6 75 Regression Statistics
14 98 Multiple R 0.86046244
9 80 R Square 0.74039561
2 68 Adjusted R S 0.71679521
0 53 Standard Erro 6.38603865
7 76 Observations 13
13 87
10 89 ANOVA
4 83 df SS MS
9 72 Regression 1 1279.40361 1279.40361
Residual 11 448.596386 40.7814896
Total 12 1728
CoefficientsStandard Error t Stat
Intercept 61.0722892 3.65812491 16.694971
hours studied 2.42771084 0.43343573 5.60108604
y=mX + b
y 85.3493976 if you study for 10 hours, your score would be 85
99.9156627 If you study for 16 hours, your score would be 99
y = m x
73.2108434 = 2.42771084 5
80.4939759 = 2.42771084 8
85.3493976 = 2.42771084 10
90.2048193 = 2.42771084 12
95.060241 = 2.42771084 14
99.9156627 2.42771084 16
100.007916 2.42771084 16.038
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.9259634
R Square 0.85740823
Adjusted R S 0.77407489
Standard Erro 31.3784652
Observations 13
ANOVA
df SS MS
Regression 1 71045.703 71045.703
Residual 12 11815.297 984.608081
Total 13 82861
CoefficientsStandard Error t Stat
Intercept 0 #N/A #N/A
hours studied 8.75917927 1.03116035 8.49448806
y=mX + b
Y 8.75917927 X
Y=8.76X
THE SLOPE OF 8.76 MEANS THAT FOR EACH INCREASE OF 1 UN
87.6 10
96.36 11
105.12 12
F Significance F
31.3721649 0.00016005
P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
3.67488E-09 53.0208105 69.1237678 53.0208105 69.1237678
0.00016005 1.47372522 3.38169646 1.47372522 3.38169646
10 hours, your score would be 85.34
16 hours, your score would be 99.91
+ b
61.0722892
61.0722892
61.0722892
61.0722892
61.0722892
61.0722892
61.0722892
F Significance F
72.1563273 3.67672E-06
P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
#N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
2.02419E-06 6.51247387 11.0058847 6.51247387 11.0058847
HAT FOR EACH INCREASE OF 1 UNIT IN X, Y IS ESTIMATED TO INCREASE BY 8.76
hours studie exam grade
8 82
11 94
3 70
120
6 75
14 98
9 80
2 68 100
0 53
7 76
13 87 80
10 89
4 83
Exam grade
9 72 60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8
Hours of
exam grade
Linear (exam grade)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Hours of studying
hours studied exam grade Correlation co-efficient
8 82 r 0.8604624397
11 94 N: 13
3 70 T statistic 5.6010860421
6 75 DF 11
14 98 p value 0.0001600527
9 80
2 68
0 53
7 76
13 87
10 89 SUMMARY OUTPUT
4 83
9 72 Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.8604624397
R Square 0.7403956102
Adjusted R S 0.7167952111
Standard Erro 2.2634270507
Observations 13
ANOVA
df SS MS
Regression 1 160.722801 160.722801
Residual 11 56.3541222 5.12310201
Total 12 217.076923
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat
Intercept -16.708555912 4.3470841 -3.8436238
exam grade 0.3049768519 0.05444959 5.60108604
1 perfect correlation
0.81-0.99 strong correlation
0.71-0.8 good correlation
0.51-0.7 weak correlation
0.01-0.5 poor correlation
0 no correlation
p-value 0.00016005
F Significance F
31.3721649 0.00016005
P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
0.00272939 -26.2764235 -7.14068833 -26.2764235 -7.14068833
0.00016005 0.18513411 0.4248196 0.18513411 0.4248196
hours studie exam grade Step 1: State the hypotheses
8 82 Ho = There is no correlation of hours studied with the exam grade
11 94 Ha = There is a correlation of hours of studies with the exam grade
3 70
6 75 Step 2: State the significance.
14 98 Test a at 0.05 level of significance.
9 80
2 68 Step 3: Choosing the statistical test
0 53 Pearson correlation
7 76
13 87 Step 4: Test Statistics
10 89 r 0.86046244 equal open and closed parentheses c, y
4 83 N:
9 72 T statistic
DF
p value
Step 5: Make a statistical decision
Reject Ho because p-value is less that 0.05.
Cannot reject Ho because p-value is more than 0.05
Step 6: Write a conclusion.
There is a significant positive relationship betweem the number of hours sp
ed with the exam grade
ies with the exam grade
closed parentheses c, y
betweem the number of hours spent studying and the grade of the exam, r (11)=.86, p<0.05.
hours studie exam grade
8 82 PROBLEM
11 94
3 70 EQUATION FOR THE BEST STRAIGHT LINE
6 75
14 98
9 80
2 68
0 53
7 76
13 87
10 89
4 83
9 72
