DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

Hand out #3 (Finals)

SMOKING
• TOBACCO (Cigarettes) and Alcohol are “gateway” drugs. No Child and or adolescent ever smoke
marijuana without learning how to inhale tobacco smoke first. Ask a drug abuser whether or not they
started with alcohol, or cigarette; the answer is always “YES”.
WHAT IS CIGARETTE?
 Is cylindrical roll of shredded or ground tobacco that is wrapped in paper or another substance that does
not contain tobacco
 Many manufactured cigarette also have filters on one end that are intended to trap some of the toxic
chemicals contained in cigarette smoke
HISTORY OF CIGARETTE
 The history of smoking dates back as early as 5000 BC in shamanistic rituals. Many ancients
civilizations, such as the Babylonians, Indians and Chinese burnt incense as part of religious rituals as
did the later catholic and Orthodox Christian churches.
 In 1865 a man, named Washington Duke from North Carolina began to roll cigarettes to sell them to
others for profit
 In 1833 James Bonsack invented a machine that could roll cigarette and produce thousands per day.
WHAT IS SMOKING?
 Refers to the inhalation and exhalation of fumes from burning tobacco in cigars, cigarettes and pipes.
SMOKING
 S- Suicide by Installment
 M- Much money are wasted
 O - Organs of the body are injured
 K- Kills both smokers and non smokers (Killing me softly)
 I - Infants are poisoned.
 N - Nervous system deranged
 G - God’s Temple is ruin (defiled) 1 Cor 3:16,17
SMOKER’S BIODATA
 My name is Philip Morris, My brothers are Dunhill and Salem. I live in Marlboro City, USA, my
favorite game is Bowling Green. My greatest opponent is Winston. I need to practice More. If it is my
Fortune, I may win this competition. I just Hope and pray that Mighty Father will help me become
Champion someday. Mark my word.
FACTS ABOUT SMOKING
• Three million deaths annually because of smoking – means one death after every 8 seconds.
• Ten million deaths annually expected by 2020 - means one death after every three seconds.
• Developed countries have reduced smoking by 10% while developing countries have increased by 60%
after 1970.
UGLY FACTS ABOUT SMOKING
 Is addictive – more than heroin or cocaine
 Makes your hair, clothes, and breath smells of cigarette.
 Turns your teeth and fingernails yellowish in color
 Increase the risks of strokes and heart attack
 Increase the risk of developing diabetes
 It is the most cause of lung, mouth and throat cancer
 Each cigarette you smoke shortens your life by 14 minutes.
 Smokers Have:
 Limited sense of smell
 Greater risk of chest infections
 Greater risk of developing cancer
 Greater risk of blindness
 Greater risk of periodontal or gum disease
 More wrinkles
 Pale gray skin
REWARDS OF SMOKING
 The average smoker takes ten puffs per cigarette.
 If you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, this is about 200 puffs
 Each puff of nicotine reaches the smokers brain within 7 seconds
 Twice as fast as a syringe full of heroin injected into a vein!
 Once nicotine enters the brain, it begins to mimic the brain’s most powerful chemical messengers.
 The result: enhanced pleasure, decreased anxiety and a state of alert relaxation.
  Because of this positive reinforcement many times a day (each time a cigarette is smoked) smoking
becomes a part of every aspect of a smoker’s life.
REASONS TO SMOKE
 Some wants to act cool or acts someone special or dangerous
 They want to get attention
 They are curious about cigarettes
 Peer pressure
 They also stressed and nervous
WHAT ARE IN CIGARETTES?
 over 4000 chemicals,60 of which are carcinogenic
TOBACCO CHEMICALS

Dangerous chemicals in tobacco use

 Tar
 This is the collective term for the various particles suspended in tobacco smoke.
 The particles contain chemicals, including several cancer-causing substances (carcinogens).
 Tar is sticky and brown, and stains teeth, fingernails and lung tissue.
 Tar contains the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene
 Carbon monoxide
 This odorless gas is fatal in large doses because it takes the place of oxygen in the blood.
 Each red blood cell contains a protein called hemoglobin that transports oxygen molecules
around the body. However, carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin better than oxygen.
 This means that less oxygen reaches the brain, heart, muscles and other organs
 Arsenic
 used in wood preservatives
 Arsenic is one of the most dangerous chemicals in cigarettes. It can cause cancer as well as
damaging the heart and its blood vessels.
 Small amounts of arsenic can accumulate in smokers’ bodies and build up to higher
concentrations over months and years. As well as any direct effects, it can worsen the effect of
other chemicals by interfering with our ability to repair our DNA.
 Benzene
 industrial solvent refined from crude oil
 Benzene is a solvent used to manufacture other chemicals, including petrol. It is well-established
that benzene can cause cancer, particularly leukaemia. It could account for between a tenth and a
half of the deaths from leukaemia caused by smoking.
 Tobacco smoke contains large amounts of benzene and accounts for a big proportion of our
exposure to this poison. The average smoker inhales about ten times more benzene than the
average non-smoker.
 Cadmium
 Cadmium is a metal used mostly to make batteries. The majority of cadmium in our bodies
comes from exposure to tobacco smoke. Smokers can have twice as much cadmium in their
blood as non-smokers.
 Studies have found that the amounts of cadmium present in tobacco smoke are capable of
affecting our health. It is a known cause of cancer, and can also damage the kidneys and the
linings of the arteries.
 Formaldehyde- 
 used in mortuaries and paint manufacturing
 Formaldehyde is a smelly chemical used to kill bacteria, preserve dead bodies and manufacture
other chemicals. It is one of the substances in tobacco smoke most likely to cause diseases in our
lungs and airways.
 Formaldehyde is also a known cause of cancer. It is believed that even the small amounts
in second-hand smoke could increase our lifetime risk of cancer.
 Polonium-210
 Polonium is a rare, radioactive element and polonium-210 is its most common form. Polonium
strongly emits a very damaging type of radiation called alpha-radiation that can usually be
blocked by thin layers of skin.
 But tobacco smoke contains traces of polonium, which become deposited inside their airways
and deliver radiation directly to surrounding cells.
 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs are a group of powerful cancer-causing chemicals
that can damage DNA and set cells down the road to becoming tumours.
 One of these chemicals - benzo(a)pyrene or BAP - is one of the most widely studied of all
tobacco poisons. BAP directly damages p53, a gene that normally protects our bodies against
cancer.
 Nitrosamines
 Nitrosamines are a group of chemicals that can directly damage DNA, like polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs).
 They are found in small amounts in food. But tobacco products, including those that are chewed
rather than smoked, are by far our largest source of exposure to these chemicals. Even though
they are found in relatively small amounts in cigarettes, they are very strong cancer-causing
chemicals.
 Acrolein
 Acrolein is a gas with an intensely irritating smell and is one of the most abundant chemicals in
cigarette smoke. It belongs to the same group of chemicals as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde,
both of which can cause cancer.
 Other chemicals
 Some of the other cancer-causing ingredients of tobacco smoke include:
 Metals, such as nickel, lead, cobalt and beryllium. While you may be exposed to some of these
metals through domestic items or food, inhaling them in tobacco smoke is worse, because they
are easily absorbed by the lungs.
 acetaldehyde, which is also formed in your tissues when you drink alcohol - it is responsible for
many nasty hangover symptoms
 hydrazine, a very toxic chemical used mainly in rocket fuel
 Nitrogen oxide
 Nitrogen oxide is a gas found in car exhaust and tobacco smoke.
 Our bodies use it in very small amounts to carry signals between cells. But in large
amounts, it is a major air pollutant. It directly damages lung tissue and causes
inflammation in the lungs.
 Ammonia
 Ammonia is a gas with a strong, irritating smell, and is used in some toilet cleaners.
Some studies have found that ammonia enhances the addictive power of nicotine. It
changes nicotine into a gas that is more readily absorbed into the lungs, airways and
bloodstream.
 Like carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, ammonia also kills cilia.
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SMOKING
 Stroke
 Stomach cancer
 Emphysema
 Heart Disease
 Lung cancer
 Throat cancer
 Bladder cancer
 Skin Tumor
 Bad breath
 Bad smelling clothes and hair
 Reduced athletic performances
 Increased risks of illnesses
 Greater risks of injuries
  Slower healing time
OTHER EFFECTS
 Pregnancy
o The growth of a baby retards when mother smokes in pregnancy. It affects the brain
development of baby, and has lower birth weight, respiratory diseases and other illnesses. This
happens even when mother is a passive smoker. The chances of miscarriages, premature birth
and fetal death increases.
 Reproductive system
o Smoking also decreases fertility for both men and women
THE EFFECT OF SMOKING IN THE ENVIRONMENT
 There are more than 1.2 billion smokers in the world
 Global warming even worse
 Takes 25 years to be decomposed in the land
 It’s all about money
When Smokers Quit
Just 20 minutes after the smokers have smoked the last cigarette, their body begins an ongoing series of
beneficial changes.
• After 20 minutes:
– Blood pressure drops to normal.
– Pulse rate drops to normal.
– Temperature of hands becomes normal.
• After 8 hours:
– Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal
– Oxygen level in blood increases to normal.
• After 24 hours:
– Chance of heart attack decreases
• After 48 hours:
– Nerve endings start growing.
– Ability to smell and taste is enhanced.
– Walking becomes easier.
• After 2 weeks –3 months:
– Circulation improves.
– Lung function increases up to 30%.
• After 1-9 months:
– Coughing, sneezing, congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decrease.
– Cilia re-grow in the lungs, increasing ability to handle mucous, clean the lungs and to reduce
infection.
• 1 year:
– Risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker.
• 5 years after:
– Stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker.
• After 10 years:
The lung cancer death rate is about half that of a continuing smoker's. The risk of cancer of the
mouth,throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases.
• After 15 years:
The risk of coronary heart disease is that of a nonsmoker’s.

(Source: American Cancer society)

Other Benefits
 Food tastes better.
 You have more energy.
 Your breath, clothes and hair won’t smell like smoke.
 You are saving money.
 You are now more in control of your life and actions now that you are no longer addicted to cigarettes.