NEUROSCIENCE MCQs

by #39

1-PHYSIOLOGY
D not B
ITS D NOT A
PHYSIOLOGY Neuro- Medico TIME Study
36-46 minutes

(1) Property of sensory nerve fibers that they transmit only one modality of sensation
is:

Frequency coding principle

Concept of specific nerve energy
Unity theory
Singularity principle
Labeled line principle

(2) The pain that is felt in some area away from the actual source of the pain is called:

Referred pain
Dermatome
Herpes zoster
Tic Douloureux
Brown-Sequard syndrome

(3) Fast pain differs from slow pain in:

Being transmitted in the dorsal column

Evoking a depressor autonomic reaction
Having a sharp quality
Arising from encapsulated pain receptors
Being transmitted to hypothalamus

(4) The nerve fibers with the lowest conduction velocity are:

alpha fibers
A-delta fibers
A-beta fibers
Type B fibers
Type C fibers

(5) Neurotransmitter for slow pain is:

Glutamate
Substance P
Adrenaline
Nor-adrenaline
Acetylcholine

(6) The following transmitter act as an inhibitor of pain pathway in nervous system:

GABA
Glycine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Nitric oxide
(7) The neurotransmitter which is used by the fast pain fibers at their synapses in the
dorsal horn is:

Glutamate
Acetylcholine
GABA
Substance P
Calcitonin

(8) The type of receptor which will transmit painful stimulus is:

Mechanoreceptors
Pacinian corpuscles
Free nerve terminals
Thermal receptors
Chemoreceptors

(9) The acute sensation of pain in humans is transmitted from the spinal cord to cortex
by the :

Neo-spinothalamic tract
Paleo-spinothalmic tract
Dorsal white column
Corticospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract

(10) The structure in the brain which gives an analgesic effect when electrically stimu-
lated is:

Hippocampus
Periaqueductal grey matter
Hypothalamus
Amygdaloid nucleus
Sensory cortex

(11) Damage to the spino-thalamic tract on one side of the body will produce below the
level of the lesion:

Loss of pain sensation on the same side of the body

Loss of pain sensation on the opposite side of the body
Loss of fine cutaneous sensation of the same side of the body
Loss of fine cutaneous sensation on the opposite side of the body
Loss of muscle sensations bilaterally

(12) The sensations carried by the Dorsal column of the spinal cord are:

Pain sensations
Temperature sensation
Vibratory sense, proprioception and touch sensations
Muscle tone
control of blood pressure and respiration

(13) The nerve fibers with the highest conduction velocity are:

A-alpha fibers
A-delta fibers
A-beta fibers
Type B fibers
Type C fibers

(14) Hypoventilation has the following effect on neuronal activity:

Depresses neuronal activity

Increases neuronal activity
Increases synaptic delay
Increases neurotransmitter release
Spontaneous neuronal discharge

(15) The release of neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse in the central nervous sys-
tem is dependent upon which of the following :

Synthesis of acetylcholinesterase
Hyperpolarization of the synaptic terminal
Opening of ligand-gated calcium channels
Influx of calcium into the presynaptic terminal
Opening of chloride channels

(16) Receptor for stretch reflex is:

Golgi tendon organ

Muscle spindle
Pacinian corpuscle
Stretch receptor
Tactile receptor

(17) The neurotransmitter which is used by the axons of substantia-nigra neurons that
project to the caudate and putamen is:

Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA

(18) Golgi tendon organ detects:

Muscle length
Muscle shortening
Muscle tension
Rapid change in muscle length
Change in muscle strength
(19) A patient is suffering from Parkinson's disease. The primary neurochemical dis-
turbance in Parkinson's disease involves:

Adrenaline
Dopamine
GABA
Nor-adrenaline
substance P

(20) The type of neuron whose axon forms synaptic junctions with skeletal muscle
cells (intrafusal fibers) within the, muscle spindles is:

Alpha motor neurons

Pyramidal neurons
Gamma motor neurons
Granule cells
Purkinje cells

(21) Withdrawal reflex is a:

Monosynaptic reflex
Polysynaptic reflex
Stretch reflex
Golgi - Tendon reflex
Disynaptic reflex

(22) The term that applies to the combination of a motor neuron and all the skeletal
muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron is:

Motor unit
Propriospinal neurons
Renshaw neurons
Muscle spindle
Motor tract

(23) Development of motor imagery of movements to be performed is a characteristic

function of :

Spinocerebellum
Putamen circuit
Cerebrocerebellum
Caudate circuit
Primary motor cortex

(24) The fibers of the corticospinal tract pass through which one of the following struc-
tures :

Medullary pyramid
Dorsal root ganglion
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Anterior roots
Medial lemniscus
(25) Flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum is concerned with:

Planning the sequential events

Monitoring motor activities
Timing of the motor activities
Maintenance of equilibrium
Control of complex motor activities

(26) The duration of synaptic delay is:

0.3 millisecond
0.4 millisecond
0.5 millisecond
0.6 millisecond
0.45 millisecond

(27) Which type of neuron forms synaptic junctions with the extrafusal fibres in skele-
tal muscle cells:

Alpha motor neurons

Gamma motor neurons
Granule cells
Purkinje cells
Pyramidal neurons

(28) Which of the following statements best describes a functional role for the cerebel-
lar vermis:

Comprehension of language
Controls and coordinates movements of the axial muscles as well as the shoulder and hip
Controls movements that involve distal limb musculature
Functions with the cerebral cortex to plan movements
Inhibits unwanted movements taking place at rest

(29) Which of the following parts of the body has cortical motor neurons with the larg-
est representation in the primary motor cortex:

Ankle
Elbow
Fingers
knees
shoulder

(30) Which of the following is a symptom of spinal shocks:

Hyperactivity in all reflex pathways

Hyperactivity of flexor reflexes only
Spasticity in all limbs
Disappearance of spinal reflexes
A strong stretch reflex
(31) The basal ganglia are primarily concerned with:

Sensory integration
Short term memory
Control of movement
Neuro-endocrine control
Long term memory

(32) Flaccidity of muscles is a feature of:

Upper motor neuron paralysis

Lower motor neuron paralysis
Huntington's disease
Basal ganglia lesion
Cerebellar disease

(33) The lateral portion of cerebellar hemisphere are especially important in :

Miaintaining equilibrium of the body

Control of eye movements
Control of posture
Planning and coordinating the rapid sequential motor activities
Controlling the muscle contraction in distal portion of upper and lower limbs

(34) Paralysis agitans is the second name of:

Akinesia
Spinal shock
Huntington's disease
Atrophic muscle
Parkinson's disease

(35) The primary motor cortex is organized into vertical columns composed of cells
linked together throughout the six layers of the cortex. The cells that give origin to the
corticospinal tract are concentrated in:

Layer I
Layer II
Layer III
Layer IV
Layer V

(36) After a pain stimulus is applied, fast pain is felt within which of the following time
frames:

About 0.01 second

About 0.1 second
About 1 second (slow pain)
About 1 millisecond
About 1 nanosecond
(37) The area of sensory cortex that represents a particular region of the body is pro-
portional to the:

Distance of the body area from the brain

Number of motor units in that region
Number of sensory receptors in that area of the body
Size of body area
Size of the nerves that serve the area of the body

(38) A receptor when stimulated by a specific stimulus develops a receptor potential

caused by:

Chloride influx into the receptor

K+ efflux from receptor
Na+ influx into receptor
Ca+ efflux from receptor
Inhibition of Na+ influx into receptor

(39) A patient presents with an inability to perform rapid alternating movements (Dys-
diodchokinesia). The probable cause would be a lesion of the:

Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Red nucleus
Thalamus

(40) Slow pain is also referred to as burning, aching, or throbbing pain and can be as-
sociated with which of the following:

Encapsulated receptors such as Pacinian corpuscles

Inactivation of warmth receptors
Inactivation of cold receptors
Tissue damage or destruction
Type Aẟ sensory fibers

(41) An aggregation of neurons in th central nervous system is called:

ganglion
tract
nucleus
bundle
fasciculus

(42) Forced rapid breathing results in alkalization of the blood which would lead to the
following changes in neuronal activity:

Decrease in neuronal activity

Increase in neuronal activity
Initial decrease followed by an increase
No change in neuronal activity
Initial increase followed by decrease in activity
(43) The elongated, encapsulated receptor which is especially abundant in lips and fin-
gertips is:

Merkel's disc
Free nerve endings
Meissner's corpuscle
Ruffini's endings
Hair end organ

(44) The encapsulated receptors found deep in the skin throughout the body where
they detect pressure and vibration are:

Pacinian corpuscle
Meissner's corpuscle
Free nerve endings
Ruffini's endings
Hair End organ

(45) The excitatory or inhibitory action of a neurotransmitter is determined by which of

the following:

Function of its postsynaptic receptor

Molecular composition
Shape of the synaptic vesicle in which it is contained
Distance between the pre- and post-synaptic membranes
Site of it's synthesis

(46) The system that transmits somatosensory information with the highest degree of
temporal and spatial fidelity is:

Anterolateral system
Dorsal column—medial lemniscal system
Corticospinal system
Spinocerebellar system
Rubrospinal system

(47) Stimulation of which brain area can modulate the sensation of pain:

Superior olivary complex

Locus ceruleus
Periaquaductal gray matter
Amygdala
Red nucleus

(48) The spinal cord level which contains the entire population of preganglionic sympa-
thetic neuron is:

C5-T1
C3-C5
S2-S4
TI-L2
T6-L1

(49) Within the primary somatosensory cortex, the various parts of the contralateral
body surface are represented in areas of varying size that reflect which of the follow-
ing:

The relative size of the body parts

The density of the specialized peripheral receptors
The size of the muscles in that body part
The conduction velocity of the primary afferent fibers
The shape of receptor

(50) The gray matter of the primary somatosensory cortex contains six layers of cells.
Which of the following layers receives the bulk of incoming signals from the somato-
sensory nuclei of the thalamus:

Layer I
Layers II
Layer III
Layer IV
Layer V

(51) Prolonged changes in neuronal activity are usually achieved through the activa-
tion of:

voltage-gated chloride channels

voltage gated sodium channels
G-protein—coupled channels
voltage-gated potassium channels
voltage gated calcium channels

(52) Preganglionic sympathetic axons pass through which of the following structures:

Dorsal root
Dorsal primary rami
White rami
Gray rami
Ventral primary rami

(53) Cells of the adrenal medulla receive synaptic input from which of the following
types of neurons:

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons
Presynaptic parasympathetic neurons

(54) Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that contribute to the innervation of the

descending colon and rectum are found in which of the following structures:
Superior cervical ganglion
Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Spinal cord levels S2 and S3

(55) The sweat glands and piloerector muscles of hairy skin are innervated by which of
the following fiber types:

Cholinergic postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Adrenergic preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
Adrenergic postganglionic sympathetic fibers (APOCRINE)
Adrenergic preganglionic sympathetic fibers

(56) The excitatory or inhibitory effect of a postganglionic sympathetic fiber is deter-

mined by which of the following features or structures:

Function of the postsynaptic receptor to which it binds

Specific organ innervated
Ganglion where the postganglionic fiber originates
Ganglion containing the preganglionic fiber
Emotional state of the individual

(57) Which type of cholinergic receptor is found at synapses between preganglionic

and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system:

Muscarinic
Nicotinic
Alpha
Beta 1
Beta2

(58) The condition which leads to vasodilation of systemic arterioles:

Increased activity of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Decreased activity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Increased activity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Decreased activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons
Increased activity of preganglionic sympathetic neurons

(59) Which substance activates adrenergic alpha and beta receptors equally well:

Acetylcholine
Nor-epinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine

(60) Nasal, lacrimal, salivary, and gastrointestinal glands are stimulated by which of the
following substances:
Acetylcholine
nor-epinephrine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Dopamine

(61) The function of which of the following organs or systems is dominated by the sym-
pathetic nervous system:

Systemic blood vessels

Heart
Gastrointestinal gland secretion
Salivary glands
Gastrointestinal motility

(62) Most of the heat loss from an unclothed person at room temprature occurs by
which of the following mechanisms:

Conduction to air
Conduction to objects
Convection
Evaporation
Radiation

(63) If the body temprature falls below the set point, which area of the brain is simulat-
ed:

posterior hypothalamus
anterior hypothalamus
thalamus
cerebellum
pons

(64) The mechanism which mainly cause heat loss from a normal person when the en-
viromental tempreture is 106 degree F and the relative humidity is less then 10 %:
convection
evaporation
radiation
conduction of object
conduction to air

(65) The release of which of the following cause fever:

interleukin 1
serotonin
substance P
endorphins
bardykinin

(66) If body tempreture rises above the set point which area of the brain is simulated:
posterior hypothalamus
anterior hypothalamus
thalamus
cerebellum
pons

(67) Gogli tendon apparatus detects:

Muscle length
Muscle shortening
muscle tension
Rapid change in muscle length
Change in muscle strength

(68) Flaccidity of muscle is a feature of:

Upper motor neuron paralysis

Lower motor neuron paralysis
Huntington's disease
Basal ganglia lesion
stroke

(69) The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by which nerve fibers or path-
ways:

lateral lemniscus
corticofugal fibers
corpus callosum
arcuste fasciculus
madial longitudinal fasciculus

(70) Which type of the neuron forms synapatic junctions with the extrafusal fibers in
skeletal muscle cells:

alpha motor neurons

gamma motor neurons
Granule cells
Purkinje cells
Pyramidal neurons

(73) Migraine headaches typically begin with the prodromal symptom such as nausea,
loss of vision, visual aura, or other sensory hallucinations. which of the following is
thought to be tha cuase of such as prodromes:

Constipation
Excessive sleep and relative inactivity
Increased blood flow to brain tissue insted visual or other sensory cortex
Selective loss of GABA neurons in the various sensory areas of cortex
Vasospasm leading to ischemia and disruption of neuronal activity in the relevant sensory areas of cortex
(74) The Schwaan cells in the nervous system are types of:

Inhibitory cells
Interneuron cells
Motor cells
Neuroglial cells
Sensory cells

(75) Detection of the stilmulus modality depends upon:

the location of the receptors in the body

the number of receptors being simulated
the magnitude of the stimulus
the duration of the stimulus
the anatomical connections between the receptors and sepecific sensory areas in the cerebral cortex

(76) Comprehension of the written and spoken words take place in the region of the:

broca's area
perfrontal area
premotor area
visual area
wernicke's area

(78) Pacinian corpuscles are:

A type of thermoreceptor
Usually innervated by the A nerve fibers
Rapidly adapting touch receptors
Slowly adapting touch receptors
Nociceptors

(80) Ability of postsynaptic neuron to fire an action potential when many presynaptic
nerve terminals are stimulated together is called:

Temporal summation
Post-tentanic fascilitation
Spatial summation
recruitment
fatigue

(81) The withdrawal reflex is initiated by the stimulation delivered to which of the fol-
lowing receptors:

Muscle spindle
Joint capsule receptors
Golgi tendon organ
cutaneous free nerve endings
Pacinian corpuscle

(82) Putamen circuit of basal ganglia concerned with:

Cognitive function
execution of learned pattern of movement
Sensory part of speech
neuro endocrine control
slow wave sleep

(83) Thalamus plays a role in:

analysis of memory
storage of memory
searching the memory stores
memory recall
amnesia

(84) Most of the damping function for motor control system of CNS is provided by:

basal ganglia
red nucleus
reticular formation
cerebellum
cerebral cortex

(85) Dyslexia or word blindness:

is loss of ability to see words

is loss of ability to hear words
is loss of ability to interpret the meaning of written words
results from damage to Broca’s speech area
is difficulty in writing words

(86) Lesion of which of the following areas of brain would have the most devastating
effect on verbal and symbolic intelligence:

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Wernicke’s area on non dominant side of brain
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area on dominant side of brain

(87) The hypothalamic nuclei responsible for detection of core body temperature are
present in :

Lateral hypothalamus
Arcuate nucleus
Posterior nucleus
para ventricular nucleus
anterior hypothalamus

(89) Decerebrate rigidity is caused due to lesion in:

Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Somatic sensory cortex
Midbrain
spinal cord
(below red nucleus = decerebrate / above red nucleus = decorticate )

(90) Sympathetic nerve activity:

is essential for survival

causes contraction of some smooth muscle and relaxation of others
causes constriction of pupil
contracts smooth muscles of GIT wall and GIT sphincter
decrease the heart rate

(91) Parasympathetic nerve activity:

is essential for survival

affects only smooth muscles and glands
causes contraction of radial muscle of eye
contracts smooth muscles of GIT wall and relaxes GIT sphincter
decrease the heart rate
2 ANATOMY
 D
A

E
 E

D
B

B not e cuz loss of sensa-

tion occurs below 2-3 seg-
ments after lesion
E
3-BIOCHEMISTRY
LIPIDS METABOLISM NEURO

(1) An 18-year-old obese woman maintains a sedentary lifestyle and eats a high-fat,
high-carbohydrate diet. This leads to increased fatty acid synthesis(lipogenesis) and
obesity. The following statements correctly describes lipogenesis:

The primary source of carbons is glycerol

Fatty Acids are synthesized in the mitochondria
Fatty Acids synthesis and esterification occurs primarily in muscle cells
The fatty acyl chain is elongated two carbons at a time
NADP+, for fatty acid synthesis, is produced by the pentose phosphate pathway

(2) A 16-year old girl presents with extreme slenderness. She is diagnosed with anorex-
ia nervosa. in this patient, breakdown of fatty acids is required to provide energy. Be-
fore being oxidized, fatty acids are activated in the cytosol to form the following:

ATP
CoA
Fatty acyl CoA
Carnitine
Malonyl CoA

(3) After surgical resection of part of her small intestine, fat cannot be properly absor-
[Link] following is the active substrate for fatty_acid oxidation:

Long-chain fatty acid

Fatty acyl carnitine
Fatty acyl CoA
b-hydroxyacl CoA
Acetyl CoA

(4) An infant is born with a high forehead, abnormal eye folds, and deformed ear lobes
and shows little muscle tone and movement. After multiple tests, he is diagnosed with
a disorder caused by peroxisome malformation. The following fatty acids are expected
to accumulate in patients with defective peroxisomes:

Short-chain fatty acids

Acetyl CoA
Dicarboxylic acids
Long-chain fatty acids
Very-long-chain fatty acids

(5) A 4-month-old infant presents with a seizure. The infant is found to be profoundly
hypoglycemic and have low ketones. Short-chain dicarboxylic acids are found to be
elevated in the serum. The following is most likely enzyme efficiency:
Medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MACD)
Carnitine acyltransferase I
Hormone-sensitive lipase
Pyruvate carboxylase
Fatty acyl CoA synthetase

(6) A 12-year-old boy presents with Jamaican vomiting syndrome, abdominal pain, and
is profoundly hypoglycemic. His sickness is caused by ingestion a toxin hypogly-
cin,which interferes with normal fatty acid oxidation. The following is primary role of
carnitine:

Activates long-chain fatty acids in the cytosol

Transport of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Is converted to enoyl CoA
Is converted to b-hydroxyacyl CoA
Is involved in breakdown of even-chain, but not odd-chain, fatty acids

(7) A 55-year-old woman presents with crushing substernal chest pain and shortness
of breath. Myocardial infarction is diagnosed. High serum HDL levels are protective
against the development of atherosclerosis because HDL does the following:

Inhibits cholesterol production by the liver

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
Increases VLDL production
Increases LDL production
brings cholesterol esters back to the liver

(8) A 41-year-old woman_presents with severe, sharp epigastric abdominal pain that
radiates to her back and with nuausea and vomiting. Laboratory results indicate an ele-
vated serum triacylglycerol levels. To form triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol, the fol-
lowing compounds is also required:

Glycerol
Glycerol 3-phosphate
Fatty acyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
Malonyl CoA

(9) The following are ketone bodies:

Acetyl CoA and proprionyl CoA

Lecithin and lysolecithin
Acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate
Pyruvate and lactate
Succinyl CoA and succinate

(10) A 30-year old man has been trapped in earth quake rubbles several days. His brain
has reduced its need glucose by using which of the following substances as an alter-
nate source of energy:

Fatty acids
Beta hydroxy butyrate
Glycerol
Glucose
Alanine

(11) The enzyme thiolase catalyzes the conversion of:

2 Acetyl CoA to acetoacetyl CoA

Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA
Fatty acid to fatty acyl CoA
Succinyl CoA to succinate
Proprionyl CoA to D-methyl malonyl CoA

(12) A 7-year old girl is brought to emergency department by her parents with com-
plaints of severe polyuria and polydipsia. Laboratory examination reveals ketones in
her urine. The following is the most likely source of ketones:

Acetyl coA
Enoyl coA
3-keto acyl coA
3-Hyroxy acyl coA
Fatty acyl coA

(13) The following statements correctly describes bile salts:

They can act as detergents, aiding in lipid digestion.

They are stored in the intestines
Bile salts are synthesized in the intestines
Can be conjugated to glycine or taurine
Squalene and lanosterol are examples of bile salts

(14) The following statement best describes fatty acid synthase complex:

Is a dimer of dissimilar units

Is composed of 7 different proteins
Dissociates in to eight different proteins
Catalyzes 8 different enzymatic steps
Is covalently linked to a derivative of pantothenic acid

(15) The end product of fatty acid synthesis in mammals is:

Arachidonic acid
Linoleic acid
Stearic acid
palmitic acid
Butyric acid

(17) The following is the product of fatty acid oxidation:

Keto acyl CoA

Fatty acyl CoA
Enoyl coA
Malonyl CoA
Acetyl CoA

(18) The abundance of the following inhibits beta oxidation:

ATP
Long chain fatty acids
Malonyl CoA
Citerate
Acetyl CoA

(19) A 25-year-old woman _presents with a low red blood cell count, corneal opacities
and kidney insufficiency. She is diagnosed with lecithin Cholesterol acyl transfrase
(LCAT) deficiency. The LCAT is involved :

Converting cholesterol to cholesteryl ester

transfer of cholestrol to other lipoprotiens
Degradation of chylomicrons
Decreased uptake of cholesterol by hepatocytes

(20) Statins are comepetitive inhibitors o HMG-CoA reductse, which converts HMG-
CoA to the following:

Mevalonate
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl pyrophosphate
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Cholesterol

(21) An obese 55-year-old woman lost 10 pounds over the last month after the surgery
due to mobilization f fat stores to provide acetyl CoA and energy. When stearic acid is
oxidized, the following number of acetyl CoA molecules are reduced:

9 molecules
10 molecules
12 molecules
8molecules

(22) To form triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol, the following compound is required:

Acetyl CoA
Fatty acyl CoA
Glycerol
Glycerol 3-phosphate
Malonyl CoA

(23) Deficiency of enzyme "Hexoaminidase A"causes the following disease:

Fabreys disease
Gaucher disease
Krabbes disease
Nieman picks disease
Taysach disease

(24) A 40-year-old man presents with chest pain that radiates to his left jaw and should-
er. He is diagnosed with a myocardial infarction and is prescribed a statin medication.
Statins are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA rcductase, which converts HMG-CoA to
the following:

Cholesterol
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl pyrophosphate
isopentenly pyrophosphate
mevalonate

(25) Very long chain fatty acids are synthesized in the :

Adipose tissue
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Skeletal muscles

(26) A 40-year-old man presents with severe pain in his legs upon walking. He is diag-
nosed with atherosclerotic plaques in arteries of his legs. High levels of cholesterol
and LDL contribute to formation of atherosclerosis. The oxidized form of LDL triggers
the process of atherosclerosis. The following is the most important structural compo-
nent of LDL:

Apo A
ApoB 48
Apo C
Apo E
ApoB 100

(27) A teenager, concerned about his weight, attempts to maintain a fat-free diet for a
period of several weeks. If his ability to synthesize various lipids were examined, he
would be found to be most deficient in his ability to synthesize:

Cholesterol
Phospholipicis
Prostaglandins
Sphingolipids
Triacylglycerol

(28) After surgical removal of part of her small intestine, a 40-year old woman is diag-
nosed with short bowel syndrome. In which, fat cannot be properly absorbed, so long-
chain fatty acids are mobilized from adipose tissue to generate energy. The following is
the substrate for fatty acid oxidation:

Acetyl CoA
beta-Hydroxyacyl CoA
Fatty acyl carnitine
Fatty acyl CoA
Long-chain fatty acid

(29) Triacylglycerol molecules stored in adipose tissue represent the major reserve of
substrate providing energy during a prolonged fast. During such a fast :

Fatty acid synthase is active

HMG-CoA reductase is active
Hormone sensitive lipase is inactive
Hormone-sensitive lipoprotein lipase is active
Lipoprotein lipase is active

(30) A fully saturated long chain fatty acid (16:0) can be further elongated by addition
of the carbon units in the :

smooth endoplasmic raticulum

peroxisomes
rough endoplasmic raticulum
cytosol
gogli

(31) Following hormone is derived from Cholesterol:

ACTH
Cortisol
FSH
Growth hormone
Thyroid hormone

(32) The following is required for synthesis of cAMP:

Adenylatecyclase
ATPase
Guanylatecyclase
Phospholipase C
tyrosine kinase

(33) Mevalonate is the precursor of cholesterol, it has the following no of carbon mole-
cules:
6
7
8
9

(34) Rate limiting enzyme involved in the cholesterol synthesis is:

Acetoacetyl thiolase
HMG-CoA reductase
HMG CoA synthase
mevalonate kinase
mevalonate decorboxylase

(35) Free fatty acid released from adipose tissue are transported in the blood by:

albumin
chylomicrons
HDL
LDL
VLDL

(36) Complete oxidation of palmitic acid yields the following no of Atp molecules:

80
129
140
135

(37) All glycerol containing lipids are synthesized from :

cephalian
diglyceride
monoglyceride
phosphatidic acid
triglycerides

(38) Major energy source for the brain normally is:

amino acids
fatty acids
glucose
ketone bodies
lactic acid

(39) In alpha oxidation of fatty acids one of the following product is released:

CO2
CoA
Acetyl CoA
Water
Malonyl CoA

(40) LCAT activity is associated with one of the following lipoprotein complex:

VLDL
Chylomicrons
IDL
HDL
LDL

(41) Following are utilized as coenzymes in beta oxidation of fatty acids:

NAD and NADP

FADH2 and NADH+H
FAD and FMN
FAD and NAD+
FAD +NADP+

(42) In which of the following tissues glucose transport into the cell is insulin-sensitive
:

Brain
lens of the eye
Liver
Adipose tissue
Red blood cells

(43) A 19 year old woman brought to the emergency room complaining of dizzi-
[Link] had skipped breakfast and lunch. Following examination,the patient was giv-
en orange juice and immediately felt better. One of the following best describes “The
patient has”:

Blood glucose greater than 70 mg/dl

Elevated insulin
Elevated liver glycogen
Elevated glucagon
Presence of an insulinoma

(44) The most important source of reducing equivalents for fatty acids synthesis in liv-
er:

Glycolysis
HMP shunt
TCA cycle
Uronic acid pathway
Gluconeogenesis

(45) Beta oxidation of odd chain fatty acid produces :

Succinyl CoA
Propionyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
Malonyl CoA
Acetoacetyl CoA

(46) Carnitine is synthesized from:

Lysine
Serine
Choline
Arginine
Threonine