PH 107.

1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

Flexible Dominican Education (FDOME)Module

BS Pharmacy Program

LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION 5 : WHITE OINTMENT

I. Objectives:
1. Compound an ointment base preparation
2. Develop skills needed in the preparation of this semi solid dosage form

II. Materials:
• White wax • Beaker
• White Petrolatum • Stirring rod
• Ointment Jar • Graduated cylinder
• Glassine Paper • Spatula
• Hotplate

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

White Wax 50.0 g
White Petrolatum 950.0 g
To make 1000.0 g

IV. Procedure:
1. Melt the white wax in a water bath.
2. Add white petrolatum with constant stirring.
3. Pour immediately into the ointment jar, while still hot. Let it congeal.
4. Cover with circular glassine paper.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION #5: WHITE OINTMENT

I. Category:
Seme-Solid Dosage Forms (Ointment)

II. Synonyms:
Simple Ointment, Unguentum simplex

III. Description of the Final Product:

White in appearance, semi-solid preparation

IV. Uses/s:

Used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations.

V. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

White wax 50.0 g 500.0 mg
White Petrolatum 950.0 g 9.5 g
To make 1000.0g 10.0 g

VI. Computations:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑥 = 50.0𝑔: 1000.0𝑔 ∷ 𝑥: 10.0𝑔

50.0𝑔(10.0𝑔)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑥 = = 0.5 𝑔
1000.0 𝑔

convert grams to milligrams

!"""#$
0.5 𝑔 𝑥 ! $ = 500 𝑚𝑔

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑚 = 950.0𝑔: 1000.0𝑔 ∷ 𝑥: 10.0𝑔

950.0𝑔(10.0𝑔)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑚 = = 9.5 𝑔
1000.0 𝑔
 VII. Label: White Ointment 500 mg

VIII. Container: Ointment Jar

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 5: WHITE OINTMENT

Post Lab Questions:

1. How are ointment jars filled on a small-scale ointment preparation with the use of a spatula?

For small scale production of ointments, ointment jars are filled carefully by using a spatula. The
process includes transferring the weighed amount of ointment to the jar using the spatula. The ointment is
first packed on the bottom and the sides before putting in the center to avoid entrapment of air. Little by
little using the spatula, the ointment is put into the crevices of the jar bottom. The crevices is where air
pockets will sit. The air pockets won’t allow the us to put all ointment in the jar. So, to avoid this, the
ointment is first pushed around the corners using a spatula. When the bottom part is filled completely, the
ointment is added along the sides of the jar, still using a spatula. To ensure that there’s no formation of air
pockets, stabbing the spatula into the ointment while filling the ointment jar is essential to remove any air
bubbles. Then, put a small spatula halfway across the jar and rotate the jar underneath it to give a
professional finish to the product. After which, the ointment on the threads of the jar is wiped off using a
chem wipe. The ointment jar is then closed using a lid and the jar will be labeled.

2. What is the difference of White Ointment USP from Yellow Ointment?

The difference between the white ointment USP from the Yellow ointment is the wax used for the
preparation of the ointment. For the White Ointment, white wax and white petrolatum is used. For Yellow
ointment, yellow wax and yellow petrolatum. Moreover, the Yellow ointment is a purified wax obtained
from the honeycomb of the bee Apis mellifera. White ointment on the other hand is obtained from 5 percent
white wax and 95 percent white petrolatum and it is also called as Simple ointment.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION 6: ZINC OXIDE OINTMENT

I. Objectives:
1. Compound a medicated ointment
2. Develop the skills needed in the preparation of this semi-solid dosage

II. Materials:
• Zinc oxide • Glassine paper
• Mineral Oil • Spatula
• White ointment • Ointment jar
• Mortar and pestle

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Zinc oxide 200.0 g
Mineral oil (Density = 0.8498) 150.0 g
White ointment 650.0g
To make 1000.0 g

IV. Procedure:
1. Triturate the zinc oxide powder.
2. Levigate the zinc oxide with the mineral oil to a smooth paste.
3. Incorporate portion by portion the white ointment to the zinc oxide paste.
4. Transfer into the ointment jar.
5. Cover with circular glassine paper.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 6: ZINC OXIDE OINTMENT

I. Category:
Semi-Solid Dosage Forms (Ointment)

II. Synonyms:
Flower of Zinc, Zinc white

III. Description of the Final Product:

White in color, semi-solid preparation
IV. Uses/s:
Zinc oxide ointment is used as skin protectant. It is used to treat or prevent minor skin
irritations such as burns, cuts and diaper rash.
V. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Zinc Oxide 200.0g 2.00g
Mineral oil 150.0g 1.77 mL
White ointment 650.0 g 6.50 g
To make 1000.0g 10.00g

VI. Computations:

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑍𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 200.0𝑔: 1000.0𝑔 ∷ 𝑥: 10.00𝑔

200.0𝑔(10.00𝑔)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑍𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 = = 2.00 𝑔
1000.0 𝑔

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 150.0𝑔: 1000.0𝑔 ∷ 𝑥: 10.00𝑔

150.0𝑔(10.00𝑔)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑍𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑒 = = 1.5 𝑔
1000.0 𝑔

To compute for the volume (mL) of Mineral Oil, we will divide the computed g for Mineral Oil with its
density.
1.5 𝑔
density of Mineral Oil= 0.8498 g/mL 𝑚𝐿 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑖𝑙 = = 1.77 𝑚𝐿
0.8498 𝑔/𝑚𝐿

mL= grams/ density

 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑂𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 650.0𝑔: 1000.0𝑔 ∷ 𝑥: 10.00𝑔

650.0𝑔(10.00𝑔)
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑂𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = = 6.50 𝑔
1000.0 𝑔

VII. Label:

VIII. Container: Ointment jar

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 6: ZINC OXIDE OINTMENT

Post Lab Questions:

1. Method of Preparation?

The first method in making a Zinc oxide ointment is TRITURATION. This is done by Triturating the
Zinc oxide powder to make it a fine powder. The second step is LEVIGATION. Through levigating the
Zinc oxide with the Mineral oil to a smooth paste. After adding the mineral oil, incorporate portion
by portion the white ointment to the zinc oxide paste. The third step is GEOMETRIC DILUTION. The
white ointment will serve as the base for the Zinc oxide ointment. The last step in preparing Zinc
Oxide ointment is by transferring the combined white ointment and Zinc oxide paste into the
ointment jar.

2. Official or none official preparation? Official

3. How should ointments be removed from the stock jar? Explain why lesser surface should be
exposed?
Ointments are removed from the stock jar using a sterile tongue blade. Since ointments have
a high oil factor having 50% hydrocarbon and 20% water, they can be slowly absorbed in the
skin but they can penetrate deep within the skin. Lesser surface should be exposed because
if more surface area is exposed, the quality and stability of the ointment will be negatively
affected. The surface exposed can acquire unwanted contaminants which will lead to altering
some of the characteristics of the ointment. If that happens, the API of the ointment might
not give the expected therapeutic effect on the body.

4. What is the maxim on the use of iron or steel spatula when preparing ointments?

An iron or steel spatula has a possibility of having a reaction with some active pharmaceutical
ingredients such iodine, mercury salts and salicylic acid contained in some ointments. Thus, hard
rubber spatula or wooden tongue depressor can be used to avoid such circumstances from
happening because the chemical reaction can affect the stability of the ointment.

5. Why are collapsible tubes more preferred than ointment jars as containers for ointments?

Collapsible tubes are more preferred containers for ointments than ointment jars. One reason is
because collapsible tubes are convenient to carry than jars. Tubes can be put inside the pocket, but
jars should be stored in a certain place like in a cabinet. Tubes are light in weight and more
convenient for use than jars. Moreover, collapsing tubes is preferable than ointment jars because
there is less exposure to air. Thus, contamination is more prevented in collapsing tubes. Ointment
jars have a bigger mouth opening, so when it is opened microbes can access its content easily which
can lead to contamination. Contrastingly, collapsing tubes have a small opening. So, airborne
contaminants will have a hard time entering the tube. Thus, contamination and environmental
conditions can easily be prevented and protected in collapsing tubes than in ointment jars.
 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION 7: SULFUR OINTMENT

I. Objectives:
1. Compound a medicated ointment
2. Develop the skills needed in the preparation of this semi-solid dosage form

II. Materials:
• Precipitated Sulfur • Glassine paper
• Mineral Oil • Spatula
• Mortar and Pestle

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Precipitated Sulfur 100.0 g
Mineral oil (Density = 0.8498) 100.0 g
White Ointment 800.0 g
To make 1000.0 g

IV. Procedure:
1. Triturate the precipitated sulfur.
2. Levigate the precipitated sulfur with the mineral oil to a smooth paste.
3. Add portion by portion the white ointment
4. Transfer into the ointment jar.
5. Cover with circular glassine paper.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 7: SULFUR OINTMENT

1. Category:

2. Synonyms:
Pomada de Azufre, Uncuentum de Azufre

3. Description of the Final Product:

Semi-solid, greasy and gritty paste; pale yellow lemon-like odor

4. Uses/s:

5. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Precipitated sulfur 100.0 g
Mineral oil 100.0g
White ointment 800.0g
To make 1000.0g 10.0g

6. Computations:

7. Label:

8. Container: Ointment Jar

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 7: SULFUR OINTMENT

Post Lab Questions:

1. Method of Preparation?
The method of preparation used in Sulfur ointment is Mechanical Incorporation.

2. Official or none official preparation? OFFICIAL

3. Give the stepwise procedure of filling ointment tubes with prepared ointment using a small
scale filling machine.

• When the product is ready, a bump pump is used to transfer it to the storage tank. The
storage vessel usually has heating and moving facility (wheels).
• The storage vessel, is then taken to the filling machine and the material is heated to make the
transfer easy. Then a metering pump is used to transfer the product to the hopper of the
filling machine.
• Triple roller mill is used to remove extra water from the final product before filling it into the
tubes. It also furthers helps in homogenizing the product.
• The tubes are loaded into the filling machines. The piston of the filling machine cylinder sends
out the calculated amount of the ointment take and goes through a nozzle into the tube due
to sucking mechanism.
• After filling, the tube passes through the pressing station, crimping station and coding stations
respectively.
• In the end, there are sealing machines process and trimming after which they are ejected out
from the filling machine.
• CIP (clean-in-place systems automatically wash all containers used in the processes.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION 8: CINNAMON WATER

I. Objectives:
1. Distinguish the different methods of preparing aromatic waters.
2. Develop the skills of preparing aromatic waters.
3. Solve for the required amount of the ingredients in the preparation of Cinnamon Water from
the original amount of the ingredients.

II. Materials:
• Cinnamon oil • Beakers
• Purified Water • Stirring rod
• Big bottle • Filter paper

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Cinnamon oil 2 mL
Purified water 1000 mL

IV. Procedure:
1. Add cinnamon to water.
2. Shake vigorously for 15 minutes in a bigger bottle.
3. Let the mixture stand for 12 hours or longer.
4. Filter using a filter paper that was wetted with water.
5. Stop filtering when a clear liquid is obtained.
6. Add enough water through the filter paper.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 8: CINNAMON WATER

1. Category:

2. Synonyms:
Cassia water, Aqua cinnamoni

3. Description of the Final Product:

It is a clear aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oil. It has a cinnamon odor. It
serves as a flavorant and perfumed vehicle. It is also used to cover unpleasant taste.

4. Uses/s:

5. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Cinnamon oil 2 mL
Purified water 1000 mL 30.0 mL

6. Computations:

7. Label:

8. Container: Narrow mouthed amber bottle

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 8: CINNAMON WATER

Post Lab Questions:

1. What is the method used in preparing Cinnamon Water?

The method used in preparing Cinnamon water is by Direct Solution Method. In Direct Solution
method, 2 mL of the volatile oil (cinnamon oil) is shaken with purified water for 15 minutes. After
that, it will be set aside for 12 hours and will be filtered after.

2. What is the advantages and disadvantages of the method used in preparing Cinnamon Water?

The advantage of using Direct Solution Method is that it is time saving and doesn’t use complicated
equipment in the procedure. However, its disadvantage is that when the excess volatile is allowed
to remain while the water required filtered, agitation cannot be used.

3. How should the preparation be stored and why?

Aromatic waters such as Cinnamon Water need to be stored in an airtight, light resistance container
in a cool place to protect it from light and excessive volatilization. An amber bottle is a good
example of a light resistance colored bottle so it is recommended that the Cinnamon Water
preparation should be stored in amber colored bottle. Aromatic waters like Cinnamon water should
be protected from strong light and preferably stored in containers which are stoppered with
purified cotton to allow access of some air but to exclude dust.

4. Give the sources and alcohol content of the following distilled beverages:

a. Rhum- Rum, a distilled drink made from fermented sugarcane or molasses, has a typical alcohol
concentration of 40% ABV. Some rum is “overproof,” meaning that it has alcohol concentration of
at least 57.5% ABV. Most overproof rum exceeds this minimum, usually reaching 75.5% ABV, which
is equivalent to 151 proof.

b. Wine- Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar
in the grapes and converts it to ethanol, carbon dioxide and heat. Standard wine has less than 14%
ABV. Champagne, the most well-known sparkling wine, has an alcohol concentration of about 10%
to 12%. Some wines are “fortified” with distilled alcohol. They usually have about 20% ABV.

c. Whisky- Whiskey is a spirit made from fermented grain. The ABV of whiskey ranges from 40% to
50%.
d. Beer- Beer is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal
grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also
used. A standard beer, whether it be a lager or an ale, has between 4% to 6% ABV, although some
beers have higher or lower concentrations of alcohol. For example, “light beers” only have between
2% to 4% ABV while “malt liquors” have between 6% to 8%.

e. Brandy- Brandy is a distilled spirit produced from fermented fruit juice. Most often, the fruit is
grapes—making brandy distilled wine—though apple, apricot, peach, and other fruits can be used
to make brandy. The concentration of alcohol in brandy ranges from 35% to 60%.
 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION 9: CONCENTRATED PEPPERMINT WATER

I. Objectives:
1. Distinguish the different methods of preparing aromatic waters
2. Develop the skills of preparing aromatic waters.
3. Calculate for the required amount of the ingredients in the preparation of Concentrated
Peppermint Water from the original amount of the ingredients.

II. Materials:
• Peppermint oil • Filter paper
• 90% Ethyl alcohol • Beaker
• Purified talc • Mortar and pestle
• Purified water • Suitable bottle with cover

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Peppermint oil 20 mL
90% Ethyl alcohol 600 mL
Purified talc 50 g
Purified water qs ad 1000 mL

IV. Procedure:
1. Dissolve peppermint oil in 90% ethyl alcohol
2. Add the solution in a mortar with purified talc then triturate.
3. Transfer in a suitable container with cover and add around 20 mL of water
4. Agitate for 10-15 minutes.
5. Filter (filter paper wetted with water) solution until clear.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 9: CONCENTRATED PEPPERMINT WATER

1. Category:
Aromatic water

2. Synonyms:
Aqua Menthae Piperitae

3. Description of the Final Product:

It is clear in appearance
Saturated solutions of Peppermint oil
Peppermint odor

4. Uses/s:

5. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Peppermint oil 20 mL
90% Ethyl alcohol 600 mL
Purified talc 50g
Purified water to make 1000 mL 30.0 mL

6. Computations:

7. Label:

8. Container: Narrow mouthed amber bottle

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 9: CONCENTRATED PEPPERMINT WATER

Post Lab Questions:

1. What is the method of preparing Peppermint Water?

The method of preparing Peppermint water is by Alternate Solution Method. The first step in
preparing peppermint water is by dissolving the peppermint oil in 90% ethyl alcohol. After which,
the dissolved peppermint oil is placed in a mortar and pestle and triturated with a purified talc,
then added with purified water. The solution is agitated for 10 to 15 mins, then filtered until the
solution become clear.

2. Why this method/process is frequently employed among the methods of preparing aromatic
waters?

This method or process is most frequently employed in preparing aromatic waters because
water can be prepared immediately. The process only includes 10 minutes of agitation, so
aromatic waters can be prepared promptly through this method. It saves more time than the
other method of preparing aromatic waters.

3. What is the importance of ethyl alcohol and talc in the preparation?

In the preparation of Peppermint water, ethyl alcohol is important because it is needed in order to
dissolve the peppermint oi. Volatile oils have an aromatic part and non-aromatic part. The aromatic
portion of the peppermint oil will be soluble in a weak alcohol compared to its non-aromatic portion.
Thus, when the oil in 90% alcohol is diluted with a limited amounted of water, the aromatic portion
of the oil stays is the solution. On the other hand, the non-aromatic portion is precipitated off,
wherein it will separate as an oily layer. This is where the talc will have an importance in the
preparation. The talc will act as a dispersing agent and will absorb the oily non-aromatic part that
was formed during the preparation. The talc is important because it absorbs the non-aromatic part
and the volatile materials that could hinder in the filtering process. Thus, it helps in making the
preparation clearer.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION 10: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE TOPICAL SOLUTION

I. Objectives:
1. Formulate or compound a pharmaceutical solution, using information’s on solubility and
stability.
2. Compare the different methods of preparing solutions.
3. Develop the skills of preparing solutions.
4. Determine the required amount of the ingredients in the preparation of calcium hydroxide
solution from the original amount of the ingredients.

II. Materials:
• Calcium oxide • Watch glass
• Purified water • Mortar or Beaker
• Filter paper

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Ca (OH)2 3g
Purified water, qs ad 1000 mL

IV. Procedure:
1. Slake CaO (addition of water with the liberation of heat to form a crumbly material in a mortar/
beaker) covered with watch glass.
2. Let it stand for 5 minutes.
3. Add cold water and agitate for 1 hour to dissolve the CaO totally.
4. Filter, collect only the supernatant liquid.
5. Add sufficient amount of cold water up to the brim of the container (no bubbles inside).
6. A clear, colorless solution should be achieved.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 10: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE TOPICAL SOLUTION

1. Category:

2. Synonyms:
Lime water, Calcium Hydrate, Lime Hydrate

3. Description of the Final Product:

It is a clear liquid preparation.

4. Uses/s:

5. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Calcium hydroxide 3g
Purified water, to make 1000 mL 30 mL

6. Computations:

7. Label:

8. Container: Narrow mouthed flint bottle

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION 10: CALCIUM HYDROXIDE TOPICAL SOLUTION

Post Lab Questions:

1. What is the method of preparing Calcium hydroxide solution?

The method of preparing Calcium hydroxide solution is by Simple method.

2. What is the suitable container for the preparation and the appropriate storage condition?

The suitable container that is used for the preparation of Calcium Hydroxide Topical solution is
stored in well filled tightly stoppered container. It is stored in this special container in order for us
to determine the absorption of carbon dioxide in the preparation. Moreover, the Calcium
Hydroxide Topical solution should be kept in a cool place. The temperature where it is to be stored
should not exceed 25 degrees Celsius.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION 11: STRONG IODINE SOLUTION

I. Objectives:
1. Formulate or compound a pharmaceutical solution, using information’s on solubility and
stability.
2. Compare the different methods of preparing solutions.
3. Develop the skills of preparing solutions.
4. Calculate the required amount of the ingredients in the preparation of Strong Iodine Solution
from the original amount of the ingredients.

II. Materials:
• Iodine crystals • Porcelain spatula
• Purified water • Watchglass
• Potassium iodide

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Iodine 50 g
KI 100 g
Purified water, qs ad 1000 mL

IV. Procedure:
1. Use porcelain spatula and watch glass in weighing iodine crystals.
2. Dissolve KI in 3 mL of water.
3. Add iodine to the mixture
4. Add sufficient amount of water.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION # 11: STRONG IODINE SOLUTION

1. Category:

2. Synonyms:
Lugol’s Solution, Liquor Iodi Fortis

3. Description of the Final Product:

Aqueous solution that is deep brown in color, odor of iodine

4. Uses/s:

5. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Iodine 50g
Potassium iodide 100g
Purified water, to make 1000 mL 15.0 mL

6. Computations:

7. Label:

8. Container: Narrow mouthed amber bottle

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION #11: STRONG IODINE SOLUTION

Post Lab Questions:

1. What is the method used in preparing Strong Iodine Solution?

The method of preparation used in preparing Strong iodine solution is Simple solution method.

2. In weighing the iodine crystals, what type of spatula should be used and why?

When weighing the iodine crystals, the type of spatula that should be used is a porcelain spatula
and not the stainless spatula. The reason why porcelain spatula should be used is because stainless
spatula can create a reaction with iodine. Iodine is very corrosive and reactive and it reacts with
metal.

3. Why is there a need to add Potassium Iodide in the preparation?

There is a need to add Potassium iodide in the preparation because it acts as a solubilizing agent
for iodine. It is added to improve the solubility of iodine in water.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION #12: SIMPLE SYRUP

I. Objectives:
1. Acquaint with the different methods of preparing syrup.
2. Prepare a simple syrup using the percolation method.
3. Obtain a simple syrup which passed the NF Standards.

II. Materials:
• Sucrose • Erlenmeyer Flask
• Purified water • Rubber tubing
• Percolator • Filter Paper
• Iron stand • Cotton
• Iron ring • Marble
• Clamps • Watch glass
• Evaporating Dish

III. Discussion:

IV. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Sucrose 850.0 g
Purified water, qs ad 1000 mL

V. Procedure:
1. Weigh the desired amount of the ingredients
2. Set-up the percolator as instructed.
3. Place the moistened cotton into the neck of the percolator to control the flow rate (in drops).
Once 20 gtts/min flow rate was achieved, clip the rubber tubing.
4. Add the sucrose then place the circular filter paper above it. Marbles may be placed to keep the
filter paper on top of the sucrose.
5. Pour water gently and cover the set up with watch glass.
6. Let the set up stand for 2 days.
7. Release the syrup into the Erlenmeyer flask by unclipping the tubing.
8. Transfer into suitable container.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION #12: SIMPLE SYRUP

1. Category:

2. Synonyms:
Syrupus complex, Syrupus saccharin, Syrupus Albuns

3. Description of the Final Product:

A clear, concentrated, odourless, and sweet aqueous solution

4. Uses/s:

5. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Sucrose 850.0 g
Purified water, to make 1000.0 mL 60.0 mL

6. Computations:

7. Label:

8. Container: Narrow mouthed flint bottle

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION #12: SIMPLE SYRUP

Post Lab Questions:

1. Illustrate the percolation set-up used in the preparation of Simple Syrup. Label the parts.

2. What is the flow rate of the percolate? Give the purpose of controlling the flow rate.

The flow rate of the liquid is controlled to 20 drops per minute using a cotton. The drop is controlled
and maintain so that it will appear in rapid succession while allowing water to slowly pass through
the bed of crystalline sucrose and ensuring that the syrup will form properly.

3. What are the characteristics of a simple syrup which makes it self-preserving?

Simple syrups appear as clear, concentrated, sweet, aqueous, hypertonic solutions with striations.
The concentration of a simple syrup is either 85% w/v or 65% w/w with a specific gravity of 1.313.
These qualities of a simple syrup contribute to its self-preserving characteristics.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery
Systems & Medical Devices

PREPARATION #13: CHOCOLATE SYRUP

I. Objectives:
1. Acquaint with the different methods of preparing syrup.
2. Prepare a chocolate syrup using solution with the aid of heat method.
3. Obtain a chocolate syrup which passed the NF Standards.

II. Materials:
• Cocoa powder
• Sucrose
• Liquid glucose
• Glycerin
• Sodium chloride
• Vanillin
• Sodum benzoate
• Purified water
• Mortar and pestle
• Stirring rod
• Beaker
• Graduated cylinder

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1 : Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,
Drug Delivery Systems & Medical Devices

III. Formula:

Ingredients: Original Amount

Cocoa powder 180.0 g
Sucrose 600.0g
Liquid glucose 180.0 g
Glycerin 50 mL
Sodium chloride 2g
Vanillin 0.2 g
Sodium benzoate 1g
Purified water 950 mL
Purified water, qs ad 1000 mL

IV. Procedure:
1. Triturate sucrose and mix the cocoa powder.
2. In a beaker, dissolve liquid glucose, vanillin, sodium benzoate and sodium chloride in 8 mL hot
purified water.
3. Add glycerine to the solution.
4. Mix cocoa mixture to the solution.
5. Heat to boiling for 3 mins. Cool.
6. Add enough water to prepare 1000 mL chocolate syrup.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1 : Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,
Drug Delivery Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION #13: CHOCOLATE SYRUP

1. Category:

2. Synonyms:
Cacao syrup

3. Description of the Final Product:

It has a chocolate odor, chocolate taste and light brown color

4. Uses/s:

5. Formula:

Ingredients Original Amount Computed Amount

Cocoa powder 180.0 g
Sucrose 600 g
Liquid glucose 180 g
Glycerin 50 mL
Sodium chloride 2g
Vanillin 0.2 g
Sodium benzoate 1g
Purified water 950 mL
To make 1000 mL 30.0 mL

6. Computations:

7. Label:

8. Container: Narrow mouthed amber bottle

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera

 PH 107.1 : Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,
Drug Delivery Systems & Medical Devices

SN: 4200130 Name: Malapo, Jaqueline Nicole Section: 2BSPh1 Group no.: 6

PREPARATION #13: CHOCOLATE SYRUP

Post Lab Questions:

1. Why is sodium benzoate needed in the preparation?

The sodium benzoate acts as a preservative in the preparation. It is added to simple syrup to extend
its shelf life. It helps in preventing the growth of bacteria and mold in the chocolate syrup
preparation. Moreover, it is also added to enhance the flavor of the syrup.

2. What is the purpose of glycerin in the product?

Glycerin acts as a solvent or a thickening agent in the preparation. Furthermore, it also prevents
the crystallization of the sugar when heating the sugar and water to high temperatures. Glycerin
has a special property of lubrication, demulcency, sweetness and it also acts as a humectant for
the chocolate syrup.

3. What is the consequence if the syrup is boiled for more than 3 minutes?

It is indicated in the procedure that the syrup should be boiled for only 3 mins. If the syrup is boiled
for more than 3 minutes, the tendency is that more water content from the syrup will evaporate.
Thus, affecting the appearance and consistency of the syrup when cooled because as temperature
arises, water boils away and the sugar concentration of the syrup increases. As a result, if the syrup
is boiled for more than 3 mins, when cooled the syrup will be stiff and will not possess the ideal
viscosity property of the chocolate syrup. The consequence of overheating would either be the
syrup will be burnt or it will undergo crystallization.

Prepared by: Shanny G. Estera