MATERIAL DENSITIES
Swell (volume Swell (Load
Bank Density (in situ) Factor weight Loose Density (excavated)
increase)
decrease of
unit volume)
Material kg / m3 lb / yd3 % kg / m3 lb / yd3
SOILS
Dry 1450 2445 12 0.89 1290 2175
Dry, fine 1600 2700 12 0.89 1425 2400
SAND
Damp 1950 3290 12 0.89 1735 2930
Wet 2100 3540 12 0.89 1870 3150
Common 1780 3000 14 0.88 1570 2640
GRAVEL Sandy 1900 3200 14 0.88 1670 2820
Wet, river 2200 3700 14 0.88 1940 3260
Dry 1780 3000 18 0.85 1510 2550
CLAY Damp 1850 3100 18 0.85 1570 2635
Wet 1950 3290 18 0.85 1660 2800
Top Soil 1400 - 1500 2360 - 2530 43 0.70 980 - 1050 1650 - 1770
Dry 1450 - 1550 2445 - 2610 43 0.70 1015 - 1085 1710 - 1830
Moist 1600 - 1800 2700 - 3030 33 0.75 1200 - 1350 2025 - 2270
EARTH
Compacted 1800 3030 25 0.80 1440 2425
with Sand and Gravel 1840 4057 11 0.90 1655 3649
Liquid Mud 1900 - 2000 3200 - 3370 - - - -
25% Rock / 75% Earth 1898 4184 25 0.80 1519 3349
ROCK DECOMPOSED 50% Rock / 50% Earth 2254 4970 32 0.76 1714 3779
75% Rock / 25% Earth 2729 6016 37 0.73 1993 4394
MORAINE 2000 - 2200 3370 - 3700 30 0.77 1540 - 1695 259 - 2850
FUELS etc.
Dry 475 - 770 800 - 1300 80 0.56 265 - 430 450 - 730
PEAT
Wet 950 - 1070 1600 - 1800 80 0.56 530 - 600 890 - 1010
Lignite (Brown) 1250 - 1450 2100 - 2445 50 0.67 840 - 970 1415 - 1635
COAL Bituminous 1120 - 1300 1900 - 2000 35 0.74 830 - 960 1400 - 1630
Anthracite (Hard) 1300 - 1600 2200 - 2700 35 0.74 960 - 1180 1600 - 2000
COKE - - - - 385 - 500 650 - 850
MISCELLANEOUS
Soft Coal 640 - 770 1080 - 1300 8 0.93 595 - 720 100 - 1200
ASHES
Hard Coal 415 - 595 700 - 1000 8 0.93 385 - 550 650 - 930
BRICKS Common - - - - 1600 2700
Loose, Dry - - - - 1460 2460
CEMENT
Bagged - - - - 50 kg 110 lb
Hard, Dry 1920 - 2480 3240 - 4185 40 0.72 1380 - 1780 2330 - 3000
CONCRETE
Wet Mix - - - - 2075 - 2225 3500 - 3750
MASONARY RUBBLE - - - - 1400 2360
PAVEMENT, MACADAM - - - - 1000 1700
Solid 2565 - 2865 4320 - 4830 33 0.75 1925 - 2150 2640 - 3240
SLAG
Furnace, granualted 950 - 1000 1600 - 1690 12 0.89 845 - 890 1420 - 1500
Dry 100 170 0 1.00 100 170
SNOW
Wet 300 - 800 500 - 1350 0 1.00 300 - 800 500 - 1350
1 US gal =
DIESEL FUEL 1 litre = 0.84 kg - - - -
7.01lb
1 US gal =
WATER 1 litre = 1.00 kg - - - -
8.345lb
ROCK / STONE / AGGREGATE
Andesite 2705 4560 55 0.65 1760 2965
Basalt (Whin) 2965 5000 52 0.66 1960 3300
IGNEOUS Dolerite 2840 4790 52 0.66 1875 3160
Granite 2670 4500 50 - 78 0.56 - 0.67 1500 - 1800 2500 - 3000
Traprock (Diabase) 2965 5000 50 0.67 1990 3350
Dolimte 2800 4720 62 0.62 1725 2910
Flint 2640 4455 71 0.59 1550 2610
SEDLMENTARY Limestone 2550 - 3145 4300 - 5300 60 - 75 0.57 - 0.62 1425 - 1600 2400 - 2700
Sandstone 2075 - 2550 3500 - 4300 40 - 75 0.57 - 0.71 1185 - 1485 2000 - 2500
Shale 1660 - 2755 2800 - 4645 33 - 56 0.64 - 0.75 1245 - 1760 2100 - 2970
Gneiss, Schist 2800 4725 75 0.57 1600 2700
Marble 2480 - 2850 4185 - 4805 75 0.57 1420 - 1625 2390 - 2740
METAMORPHORIC
Quartzite 2640 4455 64 0.61 1610 2720
Slate 2725 - 2885 4590 - 4860 65 0.61 1650 - 1760 2390 - 2740
MINERALS / ORES etc.
Asbestos 2500 - 3000 4215 - 5060 90 0.53 1325 - 1590 2230 - 2680
Barytes 4500 7600 68 0.59 2680 4520
Bauxite 1800 - 2500 3000 - 4200 33 0.75 1350 - 1875 2250 - 3150
Borax 1700 2860 72 0.58 990 1670
Cinnabar (Hg ore) 8100 13650 67 0.60 4860 8200
Chalk 1900 - 2300 3200 - 3880 72 0.58 1100 - 1330 1850 - 2240
Copper Pyrites 4200 7080 67 0.60 2520 4250
Feldspar 2600 4380 67 0.60 1570 2650
Fluorspar 3100 5230 90 0.53 1640 2770
Galena (lead ore) 7600 12800 67 0.60 4560 7680
Gyposum 2800 - 2970 4700 - 5000 56 0.64 1800 - 1900 3000 - 3200
Ilmenite (Fe, TI Ore) 4800 8100 72 0.58 2800 4700
Kaolin 1660 2800 30 0.77 1280 2160
Haermatite (Brown) 3500 - 4500 5900 - 7600 75 0.57 2000 - 2650 3360 - 4300
Haermatite (Red) 4500 - 5400 7600 - 9100 75 0.57 2560 - 3080 4330 - 5200
Limonite 3800 6400 55 0.65 2470 4160
IRON ORES
Magnetite 5100 8600 54 0.65 3320 5590
Pyrites 5000 8430 67 0.60 3000 5060
Taconite 2670 - 3260 4500 - 5500 54 0.65 1735 - 2120 3375 - 3575
Lime, slaked - - - - 475 - 830 800 - 1500
Magnesite 300 5060 50 0.67 2000 3370
Phosphate Rock (Apatite) 2700 - 3200 4500 - 5400 50 0.67 1800 - 2140 3000 - 3620
Pumice 580 - 1170 1000 - 2000 67 0.60 350 - 700 600 - 1200
Rock Salt (Hallte) 1250 - 2300 2170 - 3930 67 0.60 750 - 1400 1300 - 2360
Rutile (TI ore) 4200 7080 67 0.60 2520 4250
Soapstone 1500 - 2670 2530 - 4500 67 0.60 900 - 1600 1520 - 2700
Zincblende 4000 6750 67 0.60 2400 4050
