GENERAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT

MPU32013 PRESENTATION SKILLS

CLO1 Evaluate the suitability of content, visual aids, language and style in relation to a

specific audience. (C5)

THE IMPORTANCE OF DONATING BLOOD

The saying "blood runs thicker than water" is a bit redundant when you take it out of its
cultural context. If you've ever fell riding a bike, cut yourself preparing dinner, or lost a
tooth, you can attest that blood is very obviously heavier and less agile than water. Both
in a cultural and a physical context, you know you need both blood and water to survive.
In either context, losing one or the other can result in death. Today, I'm going to talk
about the importance of donating blood, and how it can benefit us.

Every two seconds in Malaysia, someone needs blood, and in hospitals across the
country they use 43,000 pints of blood every day. Of the 37% of Malaysians eligible to
donate, only 10% do regularly, and with 1 in every 7 hospital patients requiring a blood
transfusion, the need for blood in modern hospitals cannot be questioned. Women who
keep bleeding after delivering babies need donated blood. Children who are in car
accidents need donated blood. Men with hemoglobin deficiencies or lacking platelets
need donated blood.

Reach back to our science class and remember the things we learned about blood. I
realize that I'm simplifying the matter, but remember how there are essentially four main
blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Each type can also be positive or negative. Type A people
and Type B people can only accept A or B blood. If a hospital doesn't have that type of
blood (or Type O negative, which is accepted by pretty much any blood type), they can't
give the patient a transfusion. Getting the wrong blood type can kill a person faster than

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just losing blood.

We also have to consider that donated blood can go bad. While frozen plasma
remains intact for up to a year, red blood cells can only be stored for about 42 days before
they start to "go bad:" decompose and lose its vitality. Donated platelets have an even
shorter lifespan of 5 days. There is no substitute for human blood: we cannot synthesize
alternatives, and while pig insulin works in humans, we cannot use pig blood to help
organ transfers. Blood shortages are common, and the rarest blood type is the one that
isn't in the banks when someone is dying and needs it.

Donating blood can help improve our health as well. In addition to getting a free
blood analysis when donating, we reduce the risk of cancer and improve our heart's
health. Iron is the key -- donating blood helps reduce our iron levels. While low iron can
be dangerous and cause anemia, having too much iron increases the risk of cancer and of
getting a heart attack or stroke. The free blood analysis can be incredibly beneficial: all
donors are tested for HIV, hepatitis and other blood-borne diseases before their blood can
be used in hospitals. If it can't be used in hospitals, it often goes to researchers. If your
blood is infected, you'll know right away, and you'll help researchers discover cures for
blood-related diseases.

I could throw statistics at you that demonstrate the need for donated blood all day.
Unfortunately, we as humans don't understand numbers very well -- it's hard for us to
imagine 4 pints of blood, let alone 43,000. If you donate your blood twice a year, you can
save up to 6 people's lives. Plus, you'll be able to claim 6 new siblings by blood, and
that's just with one year of donating. If a full donation is too much, you can donate
plasma, red blood cells, or platelets individually. All in all, I hope you have learned
something new about our bodies, our medical system, and blood donation in our country.
Donate blood, or someone can die because of you. Thank you for your attention.

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QUESTION 1

Read the following speech. Discuss the following elements found in the speech:

a. Types of reasoning to frame effective arguments.

The type of reasoning is generally derived from the specific. For example “If

you've ever fell riding a bike, cut yourself preparing dinner, or lost a tooth, you

can attest that blood is very obviously heavier and less agile than water. Both in a

cultural and a physical context, you know you need both blood and water to

survive.”

b. How pathos is demonstrated.

This speech explain how many Malaysian who is fear donating blood “Of the

37% of Malaysians eligible to donate, only 10% do regularly, and with 1 in every

7 hospital patients requiring a blood transfusion, the need for blood in modern

hospitals cannot be questioned.”

c. How the speaker conveys his competence and credibility.

Initial :- On the speech day, the speaker give the introduction about the

importance of donating blood, the speaker also talk about the Malaysian doesn’t

care about donating blood.

Derived :- The speaker explain why Malaysian didn’t donating blood, explain the

importance of donating blood and the speaker shows the statistic the number of

Malaysian donate or didn’t donate.

Terminal :- at end of speech, the speaker want Malaysian self awareness the

importance of donating blood and the speaker hope all Malaysia realise about

important of donating blood.

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d. Reasoning fallacies.

The type of fallacies is Either?or. the example on this speech is “we cannot

synthesize alternatives, and while pig insulin works in humans, we cannot use pig

blood to help organ transfers”. Another example that I found is Bandwagon.”If

you donate your blood twice a year, you can save up to 6 people's lives. Plus,

you'll be able to claim 6 new siblings by blood, and that's just with one year of

donating.”