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Common Respiratory Diseases Overview

The document discusses common respiratory diseases in Malaysia. It covers the respiratory system anatomy and defenses. Six key respiratory symptoms are described: chest pain, dyspnea, cough, wheeze, sputum production, and hemoptysis. Differential diagnoses for these symptoms are examined. The clinical examination of the respiratory system is outlined, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Common respiratory diseases like tuberculosis, COPD, lung cancer, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax are then reviewed.

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Wan Razin Wan Hassan
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81 views28 pages

Common Respiratory Diseases Overview

The document discusses common respiratory diseases in Malaysia. It covers the respiratory system anatomy and defenses. Six key respiratory symptoms are described: chest pain, dyspnea, cough, wheeze, sputum production, and hemoptysis. Differential diagnoses for these symptoms are examined. The clinical examination of the respiratory system is outlined, including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Common respiratory diseases like tuberculosis, COPD, lung cancer, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax are then reviewed.

Uploaded by

Wan Razin Wan Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

10/11/2021

Common Respiratory
Diseases
Dr. Wan Mohd Razin Wan Hassan
Internal Medicine Unit
Faculty of Medicine
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

Respiratory Tract

1
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Defense Mechanism

Structures required for the act of breathing

2
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Diagram of pulmonary and


systemic circulation

3
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In Malaysia

COMMON
RESPIRATORY
PRESENTATION

4
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6 key symptoms of respiratory disease


1. Chest pain / discomfort
2. Dyspnoea / Shortness of breath
3. Cough
4. Wheeze
5. Sputum production
6. Haemoptysis.

• Associated symptoms

(1) Chest pain


• Onset, character, severity, duration, radiation,
and any previous history of chest pain.

• Eg: Pleuritic chest pain


– made worse by breathing and is often sharp and
stabbing in nature
– commonly when the patient takes a breath in

10

5
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COMMON CLINICAL DILEMMA:


Differential Diagnoses !!!

11

12

6
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(2) Dyspnoea
• Assess severity, duration, onset, precipitating
factors, and previous history

• Relate dyspnoea to other symptoms

• E.g : Dyspnoea with chest pain

13

14

7
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CHEST PAIN AND DYSPNOEA OVERLAP


WITH OTHER SYSTEMS

15

(3) Wheeze
• A musical note generated from the lungs that
may be a single note (monophonic wheeze) or
multiple different notes (polyphonic wheeze).

• Need to differentiate Wheeze vs Stridor

• Stridor can indicate large airway obstruction,


of which lung cancer is the most serious
cause.

16

8
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Wheeze
• Ask about the onset, duration and periodicity of
wheeze.

• Wheeze that occurs more at night and first thing


in the morning, and that may be exacerbated by
exercise, is suggestive of asthma and COPD

• Ask about the relationship between other


respiratory symptoms and precipitating factors,
specifically asking about exercise and cold or
foggy weather

17

18

9
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(4) Cough
• Cough is the commonest symptom that is
associated with pure respiratory disease.

• Determine the onset and duration of the


cough and its relation to other symptoms

19

20

10
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A quick guide to the causes of chronic cough


(more than 6 months)

21

(5) Sputum
• Onset – new or chronic

• Amount – large amount, or scanty

• Type – clear or cloudy, and what colour it is.


– Purulent sputum is generally coloured yellow or
varying shades of green, and importantly it is
cloudy denoting its content of inflammatory cells
and pus cells.

22

11
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Characteristics of sputum production in


relation to diagnosis

23

(6) Haemoptysis

24

12
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25

CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

26

13
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27

General Principles of Systemic Examinations

28

14
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29

Examination - General

30

15
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Cyanosis

31

Tracheal Position

32

16
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Pectus Carinatum / Kyphosis / Scoliosis

OBSTRUCTIVE / RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASES


33

CHEST EXPANSION

34

17
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AUSCULTATION – BREATH SOUNDS

35

(a) pleural effusion, (b) pneumothorax,


(c) lobar collapse and (d) lobar consolidation.
36

18
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Common Diseases in Respiratory


Systems

37

Anatomy of respiratory infections.

38

19
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TUBERCULOSIS

39

40

20
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41

42

21
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43

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES

44

22
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45

46

23
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SPIROMETRY

47

BRONCHIECTASIS

48

24
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Industrial lung disease

49

LUNG CARCINOMA

50

25
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51

PLEURAL EFFUSION

52

26
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53

Pneumothorax

54

27
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Chest Tube Insertion

55

CONCLUSIONS

56

28

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