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Human Rights for Criminology Students

The document discusses the origin and theories of human rights. It begins by defining human rights as those that individuals have simply due to being human, regardless of other attributes. It then explains the importance of studying human rights for criminology students, noting that it helps understand individual rights and avoid rights violations. A brief history of human rights is provided, from ancient societies through milestones like the Magna Carta and UN Declaration of Human Rights. Several theories of the source of human rights are outlined, including religious, natural law, historical, functional, positivist, Marxist, equality-based, justice-based, and dignity-based approaches. The document concludes by prompting discussion of human rights origins in the Philippines.

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Mac Castillo
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224 views2 pages

Human Rights for Criminology Students

The document discusses the origin and theories of human rights. It begins by defining human rights as those that individuals have simply due to being human, regardless of other attributes. It then explains the importance of studying human rights for criminology students, noting that it helps understand individual rights and avoid rights violations. A brief history of human rights is provided, from ancient societies through milestones like the Magna Carta and UN Declaration of Human Rights. Several theories of the source of human rights are outlined, including religious, natural law, historical, functional, positivist, Marxist, equality-based, justice-based, and dignity-based approaches. The document concludes by prompting discussion of human rights origins in the Philippines.

Uploaded by

Mac Castillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CASTILLO, MAC ALJERICHO HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION

BSCRIM-2 PRELIM EXAM

I. WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS

-Human rights are rights that we have simply because we are human beings; no state grants them.
Regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status,
we all have these universal rights. They vary from the most basic - the right to life - to the rights that
make life worthwhile, such as the rights to food, education, and work. When we are born into this
world, we already have human rights

II. WHY IS THE STUDY OF HUMAN RIGHTS IMPORTANT IN YOUR COURSE AS

CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS?

-The study of human rights is very important in my profession of criminology because it helps us to
understand the rights of each individual. As students and future law enforcement officers, we will be
able to apply our understanding of rights in a variety of situations. Furthermore, by knowing the many
laws of human rights abuses, we can avoid a variety of situations such as rights violations.

III. EXPLAIN BRIEFLY THE HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS.

Originally, people had rights only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in
539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected—he
freed all slaves to return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. The
Cyrus Cylinder, a clay tablet containing his statements, is the first human rights declaration in history.

The idea of human rights spread quickly to India, Greece and eventually Rome. The most important
advances since then have included: The Magna Carta, which was signed in 1215, gave individuals
new rights and made the king subject to the law. The Petition of Right was published in 1628, and it
outlined the people's rights.1776: The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America
proclaims the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.1789: France issues the Declaration of
the Rights of Man and Citizen, which declares that all citizens are equal before the law. The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights was published in 1948, and it was the first text to outline the 30 rights to
which everyone is entitled.
IV. EXPLAIN BRIEFLY THE THEORIES OF SOURCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS.

a. RELIGIOUS OR THEOLOGICAL APPROACH

-The theological perspective starts by assuming that the divine, however defined, is real and that
religion is a response or approach to spiritual realities. At the very least, the theological perspective is
willing to entertain the possibility of the existence of God. "Everyone has the right to freedom of
thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and
freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or
belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance."

b. THE NATURAL LAW THEORY

- Natural law is a theory in ethics and philosophy that says that human beings possess intrinsic
values that govern our reasoning and behavior. Natural law maintains that these rules of right and
wrong are inherent in people and are not created by society or court judges. "Consequently every
human law has just so much of the nature of law, as it is derived from the law of nature. But if at any
point it deflects from the law of nature, it is no longer a law but a perversion of law."

c. THE HISTORICAL THEORY

d. THE FUNCTIONAL OR SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

e. THE POSITIVIST THEORY

f. THE MARXIST THEORY

g. THEORY BASED ON EQUALITY AND RESPECT

h. THE THEORY BASED ON JUSTICE

i. THEORY BASED ON THE DIGNITY OF MAN

j. THE UTILITARIAN THEORY

V. DISCUSS THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE

PHILIPPINES.

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