FUCTIONS OF SKIN Germinativum the skin cell
INTERGUMENTARY SYSTEM germinates.
Keratinocytes produce keratin that
Protection (abrasion, ultraviolet light, etc.) makes our skin tough and provides
us much needed protection from
sensation microorganism.
Production of Vitamin D (calcium
synthesis) Stratum Spinosum
A layer so-called because its cells are spiny-
Thermoregulation (sweat glands) shaped. The stratum
spinosum is partly responsible for the skin’s
Excretion
strength and flexibility.
Components of the SKIN
Keratinization is a process of making
Skin itself keratin.
Skin derivatives (hair, glands, nails)
Stratum Lucidum is a layer that derives its
name from the lucid (clear/transparent) it
only found in the hairless part of the body,
like palm and soles of the feet places where
our skin is usually the thickest.
Stratum Corneum (the horny layer filled
with cornified cells). skin we see with our
eyes. The keratinocytes in this layer are
called corneocytes.
Epidermis
Outermost; stratified squamous
Inner layer very active in mitosis
Keratinization – keratin production
Outermost layer are dead rigid cells
Permeability barrier
Resists abrasion
avascular Dermis
The inner layer of the skin has connective
Layers of the Epidermis tissue, blood vessels, oil and
stratum Basale also called the
stratum germinativum is the layer sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles, and
that’s closest to the blood supply
lying underneath the epidermis. smooth muscle.
thin upper layer called the papillary
dermis, and a thick lower layer called the
reticular dermis.
Cleavage lines - Resistance to stretch
◦ Considered by surgeons during incision
◦ Intradermal injection (tuberculin skin test)
◦ Subcutaneous injection (insulin)
◦ Intramuscular injection (vaccines,
antibiotics)
Subcutaneous Layer
Also known as the hypodermis
innermost layer of skin
fats and Adipose tissues
blood vessels and nerves
acts as an insulator to help regulate body
temperature
Attachment to underlying bones and
muscles
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN
Protection
◦ Prevents water loss
◦ Acts as barrier
◦ Against abrasion (underlying tissues)
◦ Damaging effects of UV light (melanin
absorption)
◦ Hair as protective structure
◦ Nails – for defense
Sensation
➢Receptors (pain, heat, cold, pressure)
➢ Production of Vitamin D
◦ Carried at the liver
◦ Ingest Vitamin D when insufficient
Eggs, milk, fish
Stimulates small intestine to absorb Ca & ➢Edema (swelling)
phosphate
➢Shock
➢Thermoregulation
➢Microbial Infection
➢Body temperature influences chemical
reaction TREATMENT:
➢Dilation of blood vessels in the dermis ❖ I.V
➢Constriction of dermal blood vessels ❖High protein high calorie diet\
➢ Excretion ❖Antimicrobials
◦ Removal of waste products ❖Skin grafts
Urea, uric acid ammonia (thru sweat) BURN CLASSIFICATION
Diagnostic Aid:
▪ Cyanosis
▪ Jaundice
▪ Blushing
▪ Rashes
▪ Inflammation
▪ Allergy
BURN
Injury to tissue caused by heat, cold,
friction, chemicals electricity or radiation.
❑Venous Thrombosis
❑Formation of clot in a vein
❑Blocks normal blood flow resulting to
tissue destruction SKIN CANCER
❑Loss of fluid ➢Most common type
❑Liver releases increased amount of ➢Prolonged exposure to UV rays
clotting factors ➢Basal cell carcinoma
SYMPTOMS:
➢Squamous cell carcinoma
➢Tissue damage (deeper tissue)
➢Malignant melanoma
DISORDER OF THE SKIN
Fungal:
➢ Ringworm
➢Dermatitis/Eczema
➢Psoriasis
Bacterial
➢Impetigo
➢Bedsores/pressure sores
Viral
❖ Measles * cold sores
❖German measles * Herpes
❖Chicken pox
