Ezra Paola C. Tayson.
General Biology
WRITE IT OUT
1. Describe the three dimensional structure of DNA.
-.The 3-dimensional double helix structure of DNA is correctly elucidated by James Watson and
Francis [Link]. The three-dimensional structure of DNA (the double helix) arises from the
chemical and structural features of its two polynucleotide [Link] DNA or also
deoxyribonucleic acid, resembles a twisted ladder. The rails of the ladder are alternating units of
deoxyribose and phosphate, and the ladder's rungs are A-T arid G-C base pairs joined by
hydrogen bonds.
2. What is the function of DNA?
- It is said, DNA has three distinct functions, genetics, immunological, and structural. They are
widely disparate and variously dependent on the sugar phosphate backbone and the [Link]
function of much of the DNA in a cell is not really known, but some of it encodes the cell's RNA
and proteins.
3. Write the complementary DNA sequence of each of the following base sequences:
a. AGGCATACCTGAGTC ---------- TCCGTATGGACTCAG T
b. GTTTAATGCCCTACA ------------CAAATTACGGGATG
c. AACACTACCGATTCA------------TTGTGATGGCTAAGT
4. Arrange the following objects in order from smallest to largest: nucleotide,
nitrogenous base, gene, nucleus, cell, codon, chromosome.
-(Smallest to largest) nitrogenous base, nucleotide, codon, gene, chromosome, nucleus,
and cell.
5. List the three major types of RNA and their functions.
Messenger RNA (mRNA), Carries the information that specifies a protein.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Combines with proteins to form a ribosome; the physical
location of protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA (tRNA), "connectors" that bind mRNA codons at one end and specific
amino acids at the other. Their role is to carry each amino acid to the ribosome at the
correct spot along the mRNA molecule.
6. Some people compare DNA to a blueprint stored in the office of a construction
company. Explain how this analogy would extend to transcription and translation.
-Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy,
called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the
cytoplasm ( directly synthesis the protein, encodes).While, translation is the process of
translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino
acids during protein synthesis. ( genetic code: relationship between the sequence of base
pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence, encodes).
- So, Transcript ion would be the process of scanning or copying the blueprints so that the
contractor would have a set at the construction site. Translation would be the process of
the contractor directing the assembly of all the raw materials at the site into the finished
building.
7. Where in a eukaryotic cell do transcription and translation occur?
-In a eukaryotic cell. transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs at
ribosomes in the cytoplasm or the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It uses DNA as a
template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome
in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.
8. Write the sequence of the mRNA molecule transcribed from the following template
DNA sequence:
GGAATACGTCTAGCTAGCA ----------CCUUAUGCAGAUCGAUCGU
9. How many codons are in the mRNA molecule that you wrote for question 8?
-A codon has three nucleotides, so the 19-nucleotide sequence has six codons (plus one
leftover nucleotide).
10. If the sequence of a template strand of DNA is AAAGCAGTACTA, what would be
the corresponding amino acid sequence?
- The corresponding amino acid sequence would be:
Phe (Phenylalanine)-Arg (Arginine) -His (Histidine)- Asp (Aspartic Acid).
