Cooling Load Calculation - CLTD Method
(Internal Loads)
𝑞𝑐,𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡 = q𝑤 (𝑡) + 𝑞𝑠𝑜𝑙 𝑡 +
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𝑞𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑡 +𝑞𝑖𝑛𝑓 𝑡
𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠,𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒,𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Sensible Cooling Load Due to Heat Gains from Lights, Occupants, and Equipment
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1. Lights: 𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑡 = 3.41 ∙ 𝑊 ∙ 𝐹𝑢 ∙ 𝐹𝑠 𝐶𝐿𝐹 𝑡 𝐵𝐻
cooling load factor, Table 8-27
to convert watts to BH
ballast factor (usually 1.2)
watts (installed lights wattage) usage factor
2. Occupants: 𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑁 ∙ 𝑞𝑠,𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∙ 𝐶𝐿𝐹 𝑡 𝐵𝐻
Number of occupants Table 8-26
rate of sensible heat released by occupants, Table 8-11
3. Equipment: 𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡 = 3.41 ∙ 𝑊 ∙ 𝐹𝑢 𝐶𝐿𝐹 𝑡 𝐵𝐻
Table 8-26 unhooded equip.
Watts, installed
BLDG 471
usage factor Table 8-28 hooded equip.
Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
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BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
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BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
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BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
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Question: Cooling Load due to heat gains from lights
Office space
• Has 8400 W of installed light wattage
• Fluorescent 40 W lamp fixtures are used
• Supply air from ceiling, air returning through ceiling plenum
• Lights turned on at 8am and off at 6pm
• Assume zone type B
• Assume 15% of lights are off at any time
• Take ballast factor = 1.2 for the fluorescent lamps
Calculate the cooling load at 4pm.
BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
Solution:
7 Lights: 𝒒ሶ 𝒄,𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔 𝒕 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏 ∙ 𝑾 ∙ 𝑭𝒖 ∙ 𝑭𝒔 𝑪𝑳𝑭 𝒕 𝑩𝑯
𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 4𝑝𝑚 = 3.41 ∗ 8400 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 1.2 ∗ 𝐶𝐿𝐹 𝑡 = 29216.88 ∗ 𝐶𝐿𝐹 𝑡 𝐵𝐻
15% of lights are off
From table 8-27,
Lights on from 8am-6pm = 10 hours
Cooling load at 4pm means 8 hours after the lights
were turned on.
For Zone type B → 10 hours ON; 8 hours after:
𝐶𝐿𝐹 16 = 0.96 (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 8 − 27)
10 hours ON; 8 hours after
∴ 𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 4𝑝𝑚 = 29216.88 ∗ 0.96 = 28048 𝐵𝐻
BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
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Include heat gains due to occupants in office space:
Number of occupants = 10;
Working hours: 9am - 5pm;
Assume Zone Type B
Calculate the cooling load at 4pm.
Solution:
From Table 8-26 Read CLF
CLF (8h stay, 7h after entry) = 0.93
BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
Solution:
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For office work, from Table 8-11:
𝑞𝑠 = 245 𝐵𝐻; 𝑞𝑙 = 155 𝐵𝐻
𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠,𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 16 = 𝑁 ∗ 𝑞𝑠 ∗ 𝐶𝐿𝐹 16 = 10 ∗ 245 ∗ 0.93 = 2278.5 𝐵𝐻
8 hours stay, 7 hours after entry Table 8-26
𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠,𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 16 = 𝑁 ∗ 𝑞𝑙 ∗ 𝐶𝐿𝐹 16 = 10 ∗ 155 ∗ 1 = 1550 𝐵𝐻
Cooling load at 4pm:
𝑞ሶ 𝑐 16 = 𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 + 𝑞ሶ 𝑐,𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 = 2278.5 + 1550 + 28048 = 31877 𝐵𝐻
BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
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Guidelines (for the use of CLF factors):
1. CLF values given in Table 8-26 are for
continuously operating HVAC systems.
2. If the cooling system operates in an ON-OFF
control mode, CLF=1.0.
3. In the case of lights cooled by return air
(vented fixtures), the cooling load on the space
is reduced by 30-40%.
BLDG 471 Dr. M. Zaheeruddin 9/10/2021
