Geometrical Optics Refraction on

LECTURE 8 Curved Surface

O P C

μ1 μ2
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Refraction at Spherical Surfaces

O P C

μ1 μ2
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces

For Paraxial rays

B
i
r

𝛾
∝ β
O P C I

μ1 μ2

Also α + β =
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces

α+β=i B
we have i
r
r+γ=β
𝛾
∝ β
Also, using Snell’s Law: O C I
P

μ1 μ2
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces

Substituting in
Since
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces

Since
Refraction at Spherical Surfaces

Relation between object & image distances B

for refraction at curved surfaces

O P C I

μ1 μ2
Example Find the Position of image

A. +20 cm
R = 6 cm
B. +45 cm
20 cm
C. -45 cm
`
O
D. +30 cm
1 1.5
Example If position of image is ‘nR’ from P, find n

A. 5
O
P B. 4
5R
1 1.5
C. 3

D. 2
Lateral Magnification

O’

C
O P

μ1 μ2
Lateral Magnification

O’
for i ⟶0⇒r⟶0
i C I
O P r

I’
μ1 μ2
Example Find the Height of Image

1 1.5
A. 0.5 cm
0.5 cm
B. 1 cm
30 cm
C. -0.5 cm
10 cm
D. -1 cm
Example Find the Position & magnification of image

1.5 1 A. v = - 200cm, m = +4

B. v = + 200cm, m = -4
O
50 cm
C. v = - 200cm, m = +6
R = 20 cm
D. v = + 200cm, m = -6
Example Air bubble is inside a glass ball at distance 4cm from its surface.
Find Apparent depth of Air Bubble as seen by Observer
(approximated to nearest integer value)

A. 1 cm
4 cm
B. 2 cm

C. 2.5 cm
1.5
1
D. 3 cm
R = 10 cm
Example Light ray entering a glass ball intersects at a
diametrically opposite end as shown.
Find μ of glass ball. Medium outside ball is Air.
A. 5

B. 4

C. 3

D. 2

R, μ
Example If μ = 1.5, determine the of the final image formed
(after two refractions) from P2.
A. R

B. R/2

P1 P2 C. 2R

D. 3 R
R, μ
Example
Distance of Image of Object O, after refraction from two surfaces,
from P2 is ____ cm. 10 cm 25 cm

O P1 P2 I

12 cm d=?
1 1.5 1

5 cm

100 cm left of P2
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