MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Lesson 5: Circles

- A circle is a shape enclosed by one continuous line called its

circumference.
- All points on the circumference are at an equal distance from a point (M)
centre of the circle.

D M

A C

F
- A line from the centre to the circumference is a radius

MB = MA = MC = radius of the circle

- A line joining two points on the circumference is a chord. ( DE )

- A chord, which passes through the centre, is a diameter. ( AB )

Diameter = 2 x radius AB = 2 X MB

- A diameter divides the circle evenly into two equal parts.

(Semi-circle).

- A line that touches the circle at one point only is called a tangent (CF)
where the point C is called the point of t .

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Arc , sector and segment :

An arc is a part of the circumference of the circle.

Major arc

Minor arc

A sector is the part of the circle formed by

two radii and the arc between them .

Major sector

Minor sector

A segment is formed when a chord divides

the circle into two parts .

Major segment

Minor segment

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Angles subtended by an arc :

 APB is subtended by an arc AB (inscribed angle)

P
P A

P
B B
A

B
A

If AB is a minor arc then  APB is an acute angle

If AB is a semicircular arc then  APB is a right angle

If AB is a major arc then  APB is an obtuse angle

Angles subtended by the same arc :

C C

M E
D

B B
A A

m( ACB ) =1 m ( AMB ) m ( ACB ) = m ( ADB ) = m ( AEB )

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Inscribed angle and central Inscribed angles
angle subtended by the subtended by the
same arc same arc

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Practice :
Use the diagrams to complete the sentence(s) following each one.

1)
B
A
O

37°

 ACB is an inscribed angle subtended by arc ______.

The central angle subtended by the same arc is __________.
Therefore, the measurement of  AOB is ______°.

2) R
86°
O

T
S

 ROT is a central angle subtended by arc ______.

An inscribed angle subtended by the same arc is __________.
Therefore, the measure of  RST is ______°.

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

F
3) G

216°  O

Reflex  FOH is the central angle subtended by major arc ______.

An inscribed angle subtended by the same arc is __________.
Therefore, the measure of  FGH is _____°.

4) P
Q
55°
R
70°

O

 RPQ is the inscribed angle subtended by major arc ______.

Reflex  _______ is also subtended by this same arc, and its measure is
_______°.
Therefore, the measure of  RPQ is ______°.

Since the sum of angles in a quadrilateral is ______°, then the measure of

 PRO is ______°.

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Use the diagrams to complete the sentence(s) following each one.

J
1)

O
K

The angle inscribed in a semicircle in the above diagram is _________.

Therefore, the measure of this angle is _____°.

Q
2)
P 39°

O
R

Since it is inscribed in a semicircle, the measure of  PQR is ______°.

Since the sum of angles in a triangle is ______°,

The measure of  PRQ is ______°.

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

3)
A
O


C
B

The angle inscribed in a semicircle is _________. Its measure is _____°.

Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle.

This means that  ______ and  ______ are equal. Because the sum of
angles in a triangle is 180°, this means that both of these angles measure
_____° each

Class work :

In each of the following circles, use the angle properties to find the labeled
angles.

1) 2)
a
48
𝑥
o
xy
c z
b 42 55

3) 4)
40
20

y
b o 𝑥
c 55
a
25
z

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

5) 𝑥 6)

b
o o
80
240

7) 8)
d
z 56

𝑥 a o
w
o c w
b

140

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Tangents to a circle :

Theorem: A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn to

the point of tangency.

Theorem: Tangents to a circle from a point outside it are equal in length

Then AB = CB

Angle of tangency is the angle between a chord and a tangent.

Angle of tangency is equal to the inscribed angle subtended by

the same arc .

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Cyclic quadrilateral :

A A

B B

D D

C
C
E

The opposite angles in a cyclic The exterior angle of a

quadrilateral are cyclic quad. is equal to the
supplementary (1800) interior angle at the
opposite vertex.
m ( A ) + m ( C ) = 180
m ( A ) = m ( BCE )
m ( B) + m ( D ) = 180

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

Class work:

1) JUNE 2010 P3 Q6 b :

A, B, C, and D lie on a circle. AC is a diameter.

FCG is a tangent to the circle at C. DE is parallel to CG.
Find the values of x, y and z.

𝑥 = ………………………………….

Y = …………………………………

Z = …………………………………

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

2) JUNE 2009 P3 Q2 :
The diagram represents a fairground wheel with centre O, and diameter 30
metres.
Point D is vertically below point A, and the line EDB is horizontal. ED = 20
metres.

(a) A seat starts at B and travels one-third of the circumference to A.

Explain why angle AOB equals 120°.
Answer(a) ………………………… [1]

(b) Find the value, in degrees, of

(i) angle ABO,
Answer(b)(i) Angle ABO =…………. [1]

(ii) angle BAC,

Answer(b)(ii) Angle BAC =…………. [1]

(iii) angle ABD.

Answer(b)(iii) Angle ABD =………… [1]

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 MATH DEPARTMENT-PART 4 : GEOMETRY

3) November 2008 P3 Q4 :

EG is a diameter of the circle through E,C and G.

The tangent AEB is parallel to CD and angle AEC = 68°.
Calculate the size of the following angles and give a reason for each answer.
(a) Angle CEG = ………………………
because ………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) Angle ECG =…………………………
because ………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(c) Angle CGE = ………………………
because ……………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
(d) Angle ECD =…………………………
because ………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

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