Unit 2 : Networking

Lesson [02]
System Types

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Module Learning Outcomes

▪ LO1. Examine networking principles and their protocols.

▪ LO2. Explain networking devices and operations.

▪ LO3. Design efficient networked systems.

▪ LO4. Implement and diagnose networked systems.

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Network Models

▪ Computer networks can logically classified into two

models.
1. Peer to Peer model
2. Client server model

Peer to Peer Model Client Server Model

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Peer to Peer network

▪ In a peer to peer network, a number of workstations are

connected together for sharing devices, information or data.
All the workstations are considered equal.

▪ A peer to peer network has no dedicated servers. Any one

computer can act as client or server at any instance.

▪ This network is ideal for small networks where there is no

need for dedicated servers, like home networks and small
business networks.

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Client server network

▪ In a server-based network, the server is the central location where users share
and access network resources .

▪ This dedicated computer controls the level of access that users have to shared
resources. Shared data is in one location, making it easy to back up critical
business information. Each computer that connects to the network is called a
client computer.

▪ Server operating systems are designed to handle the load when multiple client
computers access server-based resources

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Network types

▪ Networks are classified in different types based on purpose

and/or size.

• LAN
• MAN
• WAN
• PAN (Personal Area Network)
• SAN (Storage Area Network)
• CAN (Controller Area Network)
• VPN (Virtual Private Network)

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Local Area Networks (LANs)

• A Local Area Network spans across a small geographic area

• LANs are usually confined to one building or a group of buildings
• Usually privately owned
• Provides high data rates
• The most common type of Local Area Network is called Ethernet

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Wide Area Networks (WANs)

• A network which covers a very large geographical area such as

a country, continent or even the world
• Provides long distance communication of data or information
• Operating at low speeds (compared to LANs)

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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• A network which covers medium geographical area such as a town or a

city.
• Provides high speed connectivity for Internet through DSL/ ADSL lines and
other services such as cable TV.

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Virtual Private Network (VPN)
▪ A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a network that uses a public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with
secure access to their organization’s network.
• Became popular as more employees worked in remote locations.
• Employees can access the network (Intranet) from remote locations.
• The Internet is used as the backbone for VPNs.
• Reduces cost tremendously from reduction of equipment and maintenance costs.

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Storage Area Networks (SANs)

▪ A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a high-speed special-

purpose network (or sub network) that interconnects
different kinds of data storage devices with associated
data servers.

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Controller Area Network (CAN)

▪ Controller Area Network is a serial bus network of microcontrollers that

connects devices, sensors and actuators in a system or sub-system for
real-time control applications.
▪ It is a dedicated development of the automotive electronic industry

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Other types of Networks

▪ Intranet – An intranet is a private LAN designed to use by everyone within

an organization.

▪ Protected from unauthorized external access by means of a

network gateway and firewall

▪ May be created simply by using private IP address ranges such as

192.168.0.0/16
▪ Extranet – a network that connects people within your company with
people who are outside your company. All within a secure, password-
protected network that can be accessed from anywhere.

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What is Cloud Computing?

▪ Cloud computing is the delivery of on-demand computing services -- from

applications to storage and processing power -- typically over the internet
and on a pay-as-you-go basis.

▪ Elastic resources—Scale up or down quickly and easily to meet demand

▪ Metered service - So you only pay for what you use

▪ Self service—All the IT resources you need with self-service access

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Types of Cloud Services

• Most cloud computing services fall into three broad categories:

1. Software as a service (SaaS)

2. Platform as a service (PaaS)

3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

• These are sometimes called the cloud computing stack, because they build on
top of one another.

• Knowing what they are and how they’re different makes it easier to accomplish
business goals.

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Software as a service (SaaS)

▪ Cloud-based applications or software as a service run

on distant computers “in the cloud” that are owned and
operated by others and that connect to users’
computers via the internet and, usually, a web browser.

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Platform as a service (PaaS)

▪ Platform as a service provides a cloud-based environment with

everything required to support the complete lifecycle of building
and delivering web-based (cloud) applications without the cost
and complexity of buying and managing the underlying
hardware, software, provisioning, and hosting

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Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

▪ Infrastructure as a service provides companies with

computing resources including servers, networking,
storage, and data center space on a pay-per-use basis

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Summary

System types:
▪ Peer-based
▪ Client-server
▪ Network Types
▪ Cloud computing

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Thank you

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