LOGISTIK

KEMANUSIAAN
RAHMAD INCA LIPERDA, M.ENG

Week 1
OUTLINES

▪ Gambaran mata kuliah

▪ Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS)
▪ Kontrak perkuliahan
▪ Penentuan ketua kelas
▪ Materi perkuliahan : pengantar logistik kemanusiaan
COURSE OVERVIEW

• Mata Kuliah : Logistik Kemanusiaan

• Kode Mata Kuliah : 24016
• Jumlah Sks : 3 Sks
• Jumlah Pertemuan: 16
• Bobot Penilaian
- Tugas : 20%
- Quiz : 15%
- UTS : 30%
- UAS : 10%
- Final Project : 25%
QUOTES

When you see your brothers or

your sisters suffering, you must
not stay silent. Do not remain
still. Help them
Red sea diving resort
DISASTER
Definition
▪ The disruption of the normal functioning of a system or community which causes a strong impact
on people, structures and environment, and goes beyond the local capacity of response (Vitoriano
et al., 2013)
▪ An event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive, which impacts with such severity that the
affected community has to respond by taking exceptional measures (Carter W. Nick, 2008)
▪ A result from the combination of hazard, vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to
reduce the potential chances of risk (Himayatullah Khan, 2008)
▪ A disruption that physically affects a system as a whole and threatens its priorities and goals (Van
Wassenhove, 2006)
DISASTER
Terms related to disaster
▪ Hazard : a threatening event or probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon
within a given time period and area. It can be both natural or human-made
- Natural hazard : naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset
events which can be geophysical, hydrological, climatological, meteorological or biological.
- Human-made or technological hazard : events caused by humans and which occur in (or close
to) human settlements.
• Emergency : a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property or environment
• Catastrophe : another term used in disaster
DISASTER
Terms related to disaster
• Vulnerability : the conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors
or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to
the impacts of hazards
• Risk : the chance of an adverse event with specific consequences occurring within a certain
timeframe
Disaster risks = hazards * vulnerability
DISASTER
Types of disaster
• Calamities : characterized by natural causes and sudden-onset occurrences (e.g., earthquakes,
tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes)
• Destructive actions : characterized by man-made causes and sudden-onset occurrences (e.g.,
terrorist attacks, industrial accidents)
• Plagues : characterized by natural causes and slow-onset occurrence (e.g., famines, droughts,
poverty)
• Crises : characterized by man-made causes and slow-onsets occurrence (e.g., political and
refugee crises)
DISASTER
DISASTER
Disaster characteristics
• Disruption to normal patterns of life (usually severe and may also be sudden, unexpected, and
widespread)
• Human effects (such as loss of life, injury, hardship, and adverse effect on health)
• Effects on social structure (such as destruction of or damage to government systems, buildings,
communications, and essential services)
• Community needs (such as shelter, food, clothing, medical assistance, and social care)
DISASTER
The nature of disaster
• There is correlation between the type of disaster and its impacts on health, particularly the
occurrence of injuries
• Some of a disaster’s effects do not have an immediate impact on public health, but pose a
potential threat
• They tend to strike at different times, and with variable intensity within the affected area
• After a disaster, the need for food, clothing, shelter, and primary health care is rarely absolute
• Wars and civil conflicts generate a particular set of health problems and operational obstacles
DISASTER
Natural disaster Human-made or technological disaster

• Earthquakes • Disease epidemics • Conflicts

• Tsunamis • Animal plagues • Famine

• Volcanic activity • etc • Displaced populations

• Avalanches • Industrial accidents (toxic dumps or

• Floods radioactive escapes)

• Extreme temperatures • Transport accidents

• Droughts • etc

• Wildfires
• Cyclones
• Storm/wave surges
DISASTER
DISASTER
Process of defining disaster threat
• Identifying the hazards
Involves carefully surveying the country or region concerned that may require inputs from a variety of specialist
agencies and authorities. It includes hazard mapping which establishes geographically where natural and artificial
hazards may occur

• Assessing the vulnerability of settlements, communities, and assets to relevant hazards

Identifying (with reasonable accuracy) those settlements, communities, and assets that are especially vulnerable to
disaster-caused damage

• Evaluating the risks

Relating a natural or artificial hazard to the primary characteristics and vulnerability of the area concerned
regarding the hazard frequency and magnitude/intensity
HUMANITARIANISM

Humanitarianism principles
Humanity • Humanity : implies that human suffering should be
relieved wherever found
• Neutrality : implies that relief should be provided

Humanitarian without bias or affiliation to a party in the conflict

Space • Impartiality : indicates that assistance should be
provided without discrimination and with priority
Neutrality Impartiality
given to the most urgent needs
QUESTIONS LEFT

• What is logistics?
• What are the roles of logistics in humanitarian activities?
• What are the differences between commercial logistics and
humanitarian logistics?
LOGISTICS DEFINED
Definition
• The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of
goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in
order to meet customers’ requirements (Ballou, R. H., 1992)
• A planning framework for the management of material, service, information, and capital flows and
includes the increasingly complex information, material, communication and control systems
required in today’s business environment (Van Wassenhove,2006)
HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS
Definition
• The function that is charged with ensuring the efficient and cost-effective flow and storage of
goods and material for the purpose of alleviating the suffering of vulnerable people (Thomas and
Kopczak, 2005)
• The process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow of and
storage of goods and materials as well as related information, from point of origin to point of
consumption for the purpose of meeting the end beneficiary’s requirements (Thomas and
Mizushima, 2005)
• The process and systems involved in mobilizing people, resources, skills and knowledge to help
the vulnerable people affected by disaster (Van Wassenhove, 2006)
HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS
A complex environment
• Operating conditions to work in order to • Greater donor accountability and
supply aid to those affected transparency
• Need robust equipment that can be set up • The role of media
and dismantled quickly • Unsolicited donations which can cause
• Politically volatile climate bottlenecks
• High level of uncertainty • Little incentive to use the lessons learned
• Pressure of time from disasters
• High staff turnover • Physical or geographic environments
• Many stakeholders • etc
THE DIFFERENCES

Business Logistics Humanitarian Logistics

THE DIFFERENCES
Strategic goals

Business Logistics Humanitarian Logistics

Cost reduction (item movement

Save lives
and storage)
Objectives
Capital reduction (investment)
Reduce human suffering
Service improvement (value
provided to customers)
THE DIFFERENCES
Demand characteristics and order fulfillment

Business Logistics Humanitarian Logistics

Demand characteristics Products and services Supplies and people

Stable, predictable, fixed locations, Unpredictable in terms of timing,

places orders in regular intervals location, type, and size
customers typically accept a lead
Lead times Zero lead time
time
Reliability of Available, established, reliable, and
Order the static distribution channels
Unreliable transportation routes
fulfillment transportatio Ability to establish sufficient
n system transportation capacity
Static over a reasonable time
Pricing Price raises dramatically
horizon
THE DIFFERENCES
Customer characteristics

Business Logistics Humanitarian Logistics

Customer
The individuals or organizations The aid recipients (victims)
characteristics

Free to analyze market and decide

Does not have market choice
to purchase the product
THANK
YOU