It’s good for you! Reading Section 2 @ Read through the article briefly. What does it mainly contain? Circle A, Bor C. A advice on healthy eating B facts about food and drink criticism of the food industry @Now read the text carefully and answer Questions 1-13. THE FOOD YOU EAT? ‘A. Most of us tend not to think about what we eat, Sure, ‘We might have our favourite recipes, or worry about whether our food has been sprayed with pesticides, but the processes and discoveries that have gone into its production remain a closed book. Some, however, think differently. Why, they wonder, is frozen milk. yellow? Why does your mouth burn for longer when ‘you eat chillies than when you eat mustard? And what ‘would happen if you threw yourself into a swimming pool full of jelly? B It was for such people that New Scientise developed its ‘Last Word’ column, in which teaders pose — and answer — questions on all manner of abstruse scientific issues, as they relate to everyday life. Many of the issues raised have simple answers. For the questions above, they would be: the riboflavin in milk begins to crystalise; it depends on your taste ~the relevant chemical in mustard is more easily washed away by your saliva; and, you'd float, but don't dive in headfirst! WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT © Other questions allow us to explore issues that are relevant to everyone. For example, what's the ifference between sell-by dates and use-by dates? You might expect the answer to involve overcautious health and safety regulation, But it's more complex than ‘that. The shelf life of food is actually determined by its manufacturers, although lab tests and government ‘guidelines also come into play. Food is tested periodically, at various temperatures, to check the level ‘of bacterial spoilage over a few hours or days — the warmer itis, the more likely your prawn saridvich Isto ‘make you ll. After the lab tests, producers set a use-by date ora best before date. Fresh shelifish need to be ‘consumed by their use-by date (the date by which you ‘must eet them). But tinned beans will probably last long ‘beyond their best-vefore date (the date by which it's, best to eat them), although they might not taste as good as they once did, D The same research explains why even boitled mineral ‘water, which had previously lain underground for decades, needs a best-before date, The problem isn't tthe water, but the bottling process: either bacteria can be introduced that multiply and, over time, contaminate the water, or unpleasant chemicals, such as antimony, leach into the water from the plastic bottles.Sometimes, this kind of scientific study takes us to some strange places. For example, we now know. that the amount of oxygen in the air inside green peppers is higher than in red (by a whopping 1.23 percent), probably due to the different rate at which ‘green peppers photosynthesise. The relevance of this research is that green peppers will decay faster than red if kept in sunlight: higher oxygen levels provide ‘more resources to feed any bacteria that are present. Generally, cooler environments preserve food best ‘apart from tropical fruit Banana skins, for example, have evolved to survive in warm eonéitions, because that is where they grow best. Anything below 13.3°C damages the membranes, releasing enzymes which lead to elcin blackening, To avoid a mushy banens, keep it away from the chiller. Itis not just fears for our health that keep food scientists busy. They are also involved in other areas, ‘Their precision has, for example, also been applied to bottles —in particular, to the discovery thet the ‘optimum number of sharp pointy bits on a bottle cap i821. Go on, count them, Years of trial and error led to the internationally accepted German standard DIN 6099, which ensures that almost every bottle cap is the same. This is because 21 is the ideal number when you take into account the circumference of the cap, the likelihood ofits metal splitting, and the chances fit sticking in the capping machine, So, next time you open a boitle with a cap onit, pay homage to those ‘who bothered to find out, starting with William Painter, in 1892, Ofcourse, some researchers do care about the more serious stuff, driven by fear ofthe future and an ever~ increasing population on a warming, land-impoverished planet. Sadly, New Scientist's correspondents concluded that there was no one foodstulf that could feed the ‘world on its own, However, they did come up with a menu that could feed a family of four for 365 days a year, using only eight square metres of lend. Rotating ‘crops (s0 that the soil didn’t lose one nutrient more than any other) would be vital, as would ploughing back deed plant matter and maintaining a vegetarian diet, After that; you would need to grow crops that take tup very little space and grow vertically rather than horizontally, if possible. Questions 1-7 ‘The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A~G from the list of heacings below, i Why a particular piece of information is || given | ii Anunsolved problem and a solution toa | problem | fii Reasons that remain a mystery ! iv A source of information for some people Development work leading to a conclusion Contrasting levels of interest in food | ‘The need to change a system Information connected with keeping of food | ix How certain advice is decided on x Meas not put into practice Paragraph A. Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F NO wee Paragraph G Questions 8-13 Choose TWO letiers, AE. Questions 8-9 Which.1WO of the following are explained by the writer in the text? ‘A why the ‘Last Word’ column was created B_ why use-by dates are more important than selk-by dates © how to prevent bacteria getting into bottled water D a Way in which peppers are si E. why most bottle eaps have a common feature | lar to bananas wes go0d or yout @)Questions 10-11 Which TWO problems connected with food does | the writer mention? ‘A confusing information about the use of | pesticides |B feeling pain when eating something © sell-by dates sometimes being inaccurate D feeling ill because of eating food after its best- before date E the effect of sunlight on green peppers Questions 12-13 Which TWO of the following would a famity of four need to do to feed itself every day of the year, ‘according to New Scientist? ‘A use more than one piece of land B_grow the same crop all the time € put dead plants into the soil D plant only crops that grow very quickly E concentrate on crops that grow vertically Listening Section 2 @ Look at both tasks. When Circle A, Bor C. the speaker talking? A. atthe begining of a conference B during the planning of a conference € atthe end of a conference @ @ Now listen and answer Questions 1-10. Questions 1-5 | Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 1. The speaker says that the conference includes Issues which | A were requested by participants. B are seldom discussed, © cause disagreement | 2 The speaker says that in the past, this subject | A caused problems in the workplace. B_ was not something companies focused on. © did not need to be addressed. (@) Unie 2 3. The speaker mentions a connection between health and fitness and A_ keeping employees. B employees’ performance. © acompeny’s reputation. 4 What does the speaker say about the people attending the conference? A Some of them may feel that there is not much they can learn, B All of them have attended the conference before. © Most of them are familiar with the speakers. 5. The speaker says that in the sessions, participants will A. work together in pairs. B pretend to have various roles. © describe real events. Questions 6-10 Label the map below. Write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 6-10. 6 Setting Up a Fitness Centre 7 Healthy Eating Schemes 8 Transport Initiatives 9. Running Sports Teams 40 Conference Coordinator's OfficeVocabulary Word formation @ Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets. 1 Healthy eating is a matter of «duction... so that people know what to eat. (educate) 2 Yesterday she him for being too lazy to keep fit. (critic) 3. Even if exercise is no exercise. (regular) + it's beter than 4 Going for arun ona day is anice way to spend your time. (sun) 5 exercise is essential for everyone, (dey) 6 Sometimes children don't want to eat healthy food because of its + (appear) 7 There is a connection between being healthy and having a high level of (happy). 8 People who are can have health problems that fitter people doa’t have. (active) © Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the correct form of the underlined word in the first sentence. 1 a The manufacturers claim that the additives don’t do children any harm. b The manufacturers claim that the additives are .harmfess...to children. 2 a Therehas been a dramatic rise in the number of abese people in this country. b_ The number of obese people in this country has risen 3. a Food producers should make the information on their products simpler. b Food producers should the information on their products. 4 a There were a lot of people sunning in the park. b There were a lot of in the park. 5 a | was surprised that I got fit so quickly. b Itwas to me that 1 got fit so quickly. 6 a. There were some figures that people didn't expect in the report on the nation's health. b There were some figures in the report on the nation’s health, Key vocabulary © Complete the sentences below, then use the words to complete this crossword. Across 3. Farmers who grow organic vegetables have to using pesticides, 4 Farming are the ways farming is done. 5 A food is a small structure where you can buy food, for example in a market or in a street. 8 If food is grown or produced git comes from the area nearby. Down 1 if something is to happen, it will probably happen. 2 If something is + itis not natural. 6 goods are high-quality, expensive goods. ? Crop are the amount of crops produced in a particular place. good fr yout (@)Writing Task 2 @ Read the following Writing task. ‘Write about the following topi Some people say that in the modern world tt ts very difficult for people to have a healthy lifestyle. Others, however, say that it is easy jor people to be healthy and fit if they want to be. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. } Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. Below are three essay plans that candidates made for this question. Which one is the best essay plan for this question? Why is it the best one and why are the others not as good? A Paragraph 1: introduce the issue: healthy/ unhealthy lifestyles Paragraph 2: why some people have unhealthy lifestyles Paragraph 3: _ more reasons for unhealthy and unfit people Paragraph 4: what people can do to be healthy and fit Paragraph §: conclusion: it’s easy to be healthy and fit B Paragraph 1: introduction: why it’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle Paragraph 2: what Ido to stay fit and healthy Paragraph 3: some advice on healthy eating Paragraph 4: conclusion: anyone can be fit and healthy if they want to be c Paragraph 1: introduce the subject: problem of unhealthy lifestyles Paragraph 2: reasons why some people have unhealthy lifestyles Paragraph 3: examples of unhealthy food and cating Paragraph 4: why some people aren’ ft Paragraph 5: the results for people of having unhealthy lifestyles Paragraph 6: conclusion: it’s a big problem 18) Unit 2 @© Complete the phrases below, that could be used in the Writing task, with the verbs in the box. cut make tose take eve stay wok go lead do 1 ...have.... health problems 2 a healthy life 3 fit 4 you good 5 out ina gym 6 action 7 down on unhealthy foods 8 an effort 9 ona diet 10 tryt0 weight © To write a good answer, you need to use linking words and phrases. Complete the sentences below with the words and phrases in the box. infact another also asaresult overtime inpartoular —_cn'the ctherhand 1 Ifyou exercise regularly, overtime... you will find that your general health improves. 2 People use their cars instead of walking. , they get very little exercise, 3 Itis easy to buy healthy food in shops nowadays, , some of it is quite expensive. 4 Lack of exercise is one problem for some people. is the amount of junk food they eat. 5. There are gyms where people can get fit and there are ways of getting fit at home. 6 Some people think it’s difficult to get fit. ;itcan be very easy. 7 Many people, office workers, have jobs that involve sitting in the same place all day. @ Now write your answer for the Writing task above.@ Circle the correct option in each of these sentences. 1 She do: (Plenty of muuch exercise and she's very fi Grammar Countable and uncountable nouns @ Complete the sentences below with the plural or uncountable form of the words in the box. ‘group research job way knowiedge work programme. ‘equipment information suggestion 1 More and more people nowadays are following fitness. programmes. 2 Itis easy to find ..... and healthy. 3. People with sedentary sitting down. 4. According to » the percentage of overweight people is growing. 5. This booklet contains many useful on how to keep fit. 6 Some people prefer to exercise in and so they join fitness classes. 7 Atour gym, we have all the latest fitness for people to use. 8 Scientists are always increasing their oun of how the body works. 9 This book suggests a number of. 10 help you lose weight. 10 My sister is looking for centre as a receptionist. on how to stay fit spend all day at a health 2. There's a large / great deal of pollution in this city at this time of year. 3. It took me a lot of / many time to get fit again after my injury. 4. There is plenty / a wide range of fitness courses that you can do. 5. Bad diets cause a large amount / number of health problems. 6 Few / Little people these days think that fitness is unimportant. 7 Asmall amount / number of junk food isn't bad for you. 8 It doesn't take much / many effort to stay fit if you want to do it. 9 My grandfather is very lucky. He has few / a few problems with his health. 10. Even a few / a litile exercise would be good for you. © Correct the underlined nouns if necessary. Put a tick (/) above the noun if it is correct. enPormation 1 People don't get much ‘on what is really in certain food products, 2 You don't need a large amount of equipments to do varied exercise routines. 3. People are given a lot of advices about how to have healthy Lifestyles. 4 Junk food does a lot of damages to people's +healths. 5 A nutritionist can give people good advice on their eating habits. 6 Using the latest sofiwares, experts analyse sportsmen when they are training. 7 People who do office work need to find way of keeping fit. 8 People sometimes need help to solve problem with their weight. Ws good for yout (17)