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Wet Stacking: Wet Stacking Is A Sign of Unburned Fuel That Accumulates in The Exhaust System of A Diesel Engine. The

Wet stacking occurs when unburned fuel accumulates in a diesel engine's exhaust system due to insufficient operating temperatures caused by light loads or prolonged idling. This creates a black oil substance that can foul components and poses fire hazards. Standards such as NFPA 110 require a minimum 30% load to prevent wet stacking from reduced reliability and engine life. Cummins and ISO 8528-2 also recommend minimum loads to avoid issues from low load operation.

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97 views2 pages

Wet Stacking: Wet Stacking Is A Sign of Unburned Fuel That Accumulates in The Exhaust System of A Diesel Engine. The

Wet stacking occurs when unburned fuel accumulates in a diesel engine's exhaust system due to insufficient operating temperatures caused by light loads or prolonged idling. This creates a black oil substance that can foul components and poses fire hazards. Standards such as NFPA 110 require a minimum 30% load to prevent wet stacking from reduced reliability and engine life. Cummins and ISO 8528-2 also recommend minimum loads to avoid issues from low load operation.

Uploaded by

Pipat Chaimangkalakul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wet Stacking

Wet Stacking is a sign of unburned fuel that accumulates in the exhaust system of a diesel engine. The
unburned fuel mixes with soot along the exhaust system creating a black-oil substance. When a diesel
engine is operated on light loads, or in prolonged idle, it will not attain its designed operating temperature
required to completely burn the fuel. The unburned fuel can foul fuel injectors, engine valves, exhaust
system, turbochargers and reduce engine performance. Fuel and oil dilution may also be attributed to wet
stacking which could lead into a serious lubrication problem.

Wet stacking is also a serious fire hazard. Hot exhaust passing thru the muffler can reach temperatures of
up to 700⁰C, depending on the size of engine, and could ignite soot deposits in the muffler mixed with
unburned fuel as a result of wet stacking. Ignition of soot deposits is a fire hazard to any surrounding
combustible material such as foam, paper, dried leaves, fabric and also to nearby flammable vapors of
gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

Diesel engines are designed to operate with load. Rule 8.4.9.5.1 of the Standard for Emergency and
Standby Power Systems (also known as NFPA* 110) states that:

“Loading shall not be less than 30 percent of the nameplate kW rating of the Emergency Power Supply,
(generator). A supplemental load bank shall be permitted to be used to meet or exceed the 30 percent
requirement.”

Cummins engines for Power Generation recommends a minimum of 30% load as written on Cummins
Application Engineering Manual.

Created by: Eric A. Arevalo Page 1 of 2


Uncontrolled once printed

Electrical Generating Systems Association


Example of generator sets that show signs of wet stacking.

Further, Section 5.3 of the ISO 8528-2 – Standards for Engine Driven AC Generating Sets states that:

“The customer shall be made aware that extended running under low load may affect the reliability and
life of the reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine. If the generating set is to be operated at lower
loads than the minimum, the RIC engine manufacturer shall specify the measures to be adopted and/or
corrective procedures to be used to alleviate the problem.”

*NFPA – National Fire Protection Association

Created by: Eric A. Arevalo Page 2 of 2


Uncontrolled once printed

Electrical Generating Systems Association

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