Straight Line

Straight Line
The knowledge of which geometry aims is the knowledge of the eternal...... Plato
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A french mathematician and a greatest philosopher named Rene Descartes, pioneered the use of
algebra in Geometry. He suggested methods to study geometry by algebraic methods without making
direct reference to the actual figures
This geometry was called co-ordinate geometry or analytical geometry and it is the branch of geometry
in which algebraic equations are used to denote points, lines and curves.

Rectangular cartesian co-ordinate systems :

We shall right now focus on two-dimensional co-ordinate geometry in which two perpendicular lines
called co-ordinate axes (x-axis and y-axis) are used to locate a point in the plane.

O is called origin. Any point P in this plane can be represented by a unique ordered pair (x, y), which
are called co-ordinates of that point. x is called x co-ordinate or abscissa and y is called y co-ordinate or
ordinate. The two perpendicular lines xox and yoy divide the plane in four regions which are called
quadrants, numbered as shown in the figure.
Let us look at some of the formulae linked with points now.

Distance Formula :
In rectangular Cartesian coordinate system
The distance between the points A(x 1,y1) and B(x2,y2) is =  x1  x2 2   y1  y2 2 .

Example # 1 : Find the value of x, if the distance between the points (x, 8) and (4, 3) is 13
Solution : Let P(x ,8) and Q(4, 3) be the given points. Then PQ = 13 (given)
(x  4)2  (8  3)2 = 13  (x – 4)2 + 25 = 169  x = 16 or x = – 8

Self practice problems :

(1) Show that four points (0, –1), (6, 7) (–2, 3) and (8, 3) are the vertices of a rectangle.
(2) Find the co-ordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle whose vertices are (8, 6), (8, –2) and
(2, –2). Also find its circumradius.
Ans. (2) (5, 2), 5

Section Formula :
If P(x, y) divides the line joining A(x 1, y1) & B(x2, y2) in the ratio m : n, then;
m x 2  n x1 m y 2  n y1
x= ;y= .
m  n m  n

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 Straight Line
m m
Notes : (i) If is positive, the division is internal, but if is negative, the division is external.
n n
(ii) If P divides AB internally in the ratio m : n & Q divides AB externally in the ratio m : n then
P & Q are said to be harmonic conjugate of each other w.r.t. AB.
2 1 1
Mathematically,   i.e. AP, AB & AQ are in H.P.
AB AP AQ

Example # 2 : Find the co-ordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the points (2, 5) and
(– 3, 7) in the ratio 2 : 3 (i) internally and (ii) externally.
Solution : Let P (x, y) be the required point.
(i) For internal division :

 6  6 14  15   29  (2, 5) (–3, 7)
(x, y) =  ,  =  0,
 23 23   5 
(ii) For external division
3
2
P A B
 6  6 14  15  (x, y) (2, 5) (–3, 7)
(x, y) =  ,  = (12, 1)
 23 23 
Example # 3 : Find the co-ordinates of points which trisect the line segment joining (2, – 3) and (4, 5).
Solution : Let A (2, –3) and B(4, 5) be the given points. Let the points of trisection be P and Q. Then
AP = PQ = QB =  (say)
 PB = PQ + QB = 2 and AQ = AP + PQ = 2
 AP : PB =  : 2 = 1 : 2 and AQ : QB = 2 :  = 2 : 1
So P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2 while Q divides internally in the ratio 2 : 1

(2, –3) (4, 5)

So P divides AB internally in the ratio 1:2 while Q divides internally in the ratio 2: 1
 4 4 56 8 1
 the co-ordinates of P are  ,  =  , 
 1 2 1 2   3 3 
 8  2 10  3   10 7 
and the co-ordinates of Q are  ,  = , 
 1 2 1 2   3 3 
8 1  10 7 
Hence, the points of trisection are  ,   and  , 
3 3  3 3

Self practice problems :

(3) In what ratio does the point (4, 1) divide the line segment joining the points
(1, –2) and (5, 2).
(4) The three vertices of a parallelogram taken in order are (–2, 0), (4, 2) and (5, 3) respectively.
Find the co-ordinates of the fourth vertex.
Ans. (3) 3 : 1 internally (4) (–1, 1)

The ratio in which a given line divides the line segment joining two points :
Let the given line ax + by + c = 0 divide the line segment joining A(x 1, y1) & B(x2, y2) in the ratio m : n,
m a x1  b y1  c
then  . If A & B are on the same side of the given line then m/n is negative but if A &
n a x2  b y2  c
B are on opposite sides of the given line, then m/n is positive
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 Straight Line

Example # 4 : Find the ratio in which the line joining the points A (1, 2) and B(– 3, 4) is divided by the line
x + y – 5 = 0.
Solution : Let the line x + y = 5 divides AB in the ratio k : 1 at P
 3k  1 4k  2 
 co-ordinate of P are  , 
 k 1 k 1 
Since P lies on x + y – 5 = 0
3k  1 4k  2 1
 + –5=0  k=–
k 1 k 1 2
 Required ratio is 1 : 2 externally. .
Aliter : Let the ratio is m : n
m (1 1  1 2  5) 1
 =– =–  ratio is 1 : 2 externally.
n 1 ( 3)  1 4  5 2

Self practice problem :

(5) If the line 2x– 3y +  = 0 divides the line joining the points A (– 1, 2) & B(– 3, – 3) internally in
the ratio 2 : 3, find .
18
Ans.
5
Slope Formula :
If  is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to the positive direction of x axis, &
0°  < 180°,  90°, then the slope of the line, denoted by m, is defined by m = tan . If  is 90°, m
does not exist, but the line is parallel to the yaxis. If = 0, then m = 0 & the line is parallel to the
x-axis. If A (x1, y1) & B (x2, y2), x1  x2, are points on a straight line, then the slope m of the line is given
 y  y2 
by : m =  1 .
 x1  x 2 
Example # 5 : What is the slope of a line whose inclination with the positive direction of x-axis is :
(i) 30º (ii) 90º (iii) 135º
Solution : (i) Here   = 30º
1
Slope = tan  = tan 30º = .
3
(ii) Here  = 90º
 The slope of line is not defined.
(iii) Here = 135º
 Slope = tan  = tan 135º = tan (180º – 45º) = – tan 45º = – 1.

Example # 6 : Find the slope of the line passing through the points :
(i) (2, 7) and (– 3, 4) (ii) (6, 9) and (–2, 7)
Solution : (i) Let A = (2, 7) and B = (– 3, 4)
47 3  y2  y1 
 Slope of AB = =  Using slope  
3  2 5  x2  x1 
79 1
(ii) Let A = (6, 9), B = (–2, 7)  Slope of AB = =
2  6 4
Self practice problems :
(6) Find the value of x, if the slope of the line joining (1, 5) and (x, –7) is 4.
(7) What is the inclination of a line whose slope is
(i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) –1 (iv) –1/ 3
Ans. (6) –2 (7) (i) 0º, (ii) 45º, (iii) 135º, (iv) 150º
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 Straight Line
Condition of collinearity of three points :
Points A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are collinear if
 y  y 2   y 2  y3 
(i) mAB = mBC = mCA i.e.  1 =  
 x1  x 2   x 2  x3 
x1 y1 1
(ii)  ABC = 0 i.e. x2 y2 1 = 0
x3 y3 1
(iii) AC = AB + BC or AB ~ BC
(iv) A divides the line segment BC in some ratio.

Example # 7 : Show that the points (–2, –1), (2, 7) and (5, 13) are collinear.
Solution : Let (–2, –1) (2, 7) and (5, 13) be the co-ordinates of the points A, B and C respectively.
7 1 13  7
Slope of AB = = 2 and Slope of BC = =2
22 52
 Slope of AB = slope of BC
 AB & BC are parallel
 A, B, C are collinear because B is on both lines AB and BC.
Self practice problem :
1 1
(8) Prove that the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (1, 1) are collinear if + =1
a b
Area of a Triangle :

If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of triangle ABC, then its area is equal to 
x1 y1 1
1
  ABC = x 2 y 2 1 , provided the vertices are considered in the counter clockwise sense. The
2
x3 y3 1
above formula will give a  ve area if the vertices (x i, yi), i = 1, 2, 3 are placed in the clockwise sense.

Note: Area of n-sided polygon formed by points (x 1, y1) ; (x2, y2); ........;(x n, yn) is given by
1  x1 x2 x2 x3 x x xn x1 
   ............... n1 n  .
2  y1 y2 y2 y3 yn1 yn yn y1 
Here vertices are taken in order.

Example # 8 : If the co-ordinates of two points A and B are (2, 1) and (4, –3)respectively. Find the co-
ordinates of any point P if PA = PB and Area of PAB = 6.
Solution : Let the co-ordinates of P be (x, y). Then
PA = PB   PA2 = PB2   
  (x – 2) + (y – 1) = (x – 4)2 + (y + 3)2
2 2
 x – 2y = 5 ....(i)
x y 1
1
Now, Area of PAB = 6  2 1 1 =±6  4x + 2y – 10 = ± 12
2
4 3 1
 4x + 2y = 22 or 4x + 2y = –2 
2x + y = 11 or 2x + y = –1
27 1
Solving 2x + y = 11 and x – 2y = 5 we get x = ,y= .
5 5
3 11
Solving 2x + y = –1 and x – 2y = 5, we get x = , y = – .
5 5
 27 1   3 11 
Thus, the co-ordinates of P are  ,  or  ,  
 5 5 5 5 
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 Straight Line
Self practice problems :
(9) The area of a triangle is 5. Two of its vertices are (2, 1) and (3, –2). The third vertex lies on
y = x + 3. Find the third vertex.
(10) The coordinates of A, B, C are (6, 3), (–3, 5) & (4,–2) respectively and p is any point
xy2
(x, y).Show that the ratio of the areas of the triangles PBC and ABC is
7
 7 13   3 3
Ans. (9)  2 , 2  or   2 , 2 
   
Equation of a Straight Line in various forms :
Now let us understand, how a line can be represented with the help of an algebraic equation. A moving
point (point with variable co-ordinates) is assumed on the line and a link is established between its
co-ordinates with the help of some given parameters. There are various forms of lines depending on
the specified parameter
Point - Slope form :
y  y1 = m (x  x1) is the equation of a straight line whose slope is m & which passes through the point
(x1, y1).

Example # 9 : Find the equation of a line passing through (3, –4) and inclined at an angle of 150º with the
positive direction of x-axis.
1
Solution : Here, m = slope of the line = tan 150º = tan (90º + 60º) =– cot 60º = – , x1 = 3, y1 = – 4
3
So, the equation of the line is y – y1 = m (x – x1)
1
i.e. y + 4 =– (x – 3)
3
x+ 3y+4 3–3=0

Self practice problem :

(11) Find the equation of s a line passing through P(–3, 5) and whose slope is –2.
Ans. 2x + y + 1 = 0

Slope-intercept form :
y = mx + c is the equation of a straight line whose slope is m & which makes an intercept c on the
yaxis.
Example # 10 : Find the equation of a line with slope –3 and cutting off an intercept of 5 units on negative
direction of y-axis.
Solution : Here m = –3 and c = – 5. So, the equation of the line is y = mx + c
i.e. y = –3x – 5 or 3x + y + 5 =0

Self practice problem :

(12) Find the equation of a straight line which cuts off an intercept of length 3 on y- axis and whose
slope is – 3.
Ans. 3x + y – 3 = 0

y 2  y1
Two point form : y  y1 = (x  x1) is the equation of a straight line which passes through the
x 2  x1
points (x1, y1) & (x2, y2).

Example # 11 : Find the equation of the line joining the points (3, 4) and (–2, 5)
Solution : Here the two points are (x 1, y1) = (3, 4) and (x2, y2) = (–2, 5).
So, the equation of the line in two-point form is
54
y–4= (x – 3)   x + 5y = 23
2  3
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 Straight Line
Self practice problem :
(13) Find the equations of the sides of the triangle whose vertices are (–1, 8), (4, –2) and (–5, –3).
Also find the equation of the median through (–1, 8)
Ans. 2x + y – 6 = 0, x – 9y – 22 = 0, 11x – 4y + 43 = 0, 21x + y + 13 = 0

x y 1
Determinant form : Equation of line passing through (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is x1 y1 1  0
x2 y2 1
Example # 12 : Find the equation of line passing through (2, 4) & (– 1, 3).
x y 1
Solution : 2 4 1 =0  x – 3y + 10 = 0
1 3 1

Self practice problem :

(14) Find the equation of the passing through (– 2, 3) & (– 1, – 1).
Ans. 4x + y + 5 = 0
x y
Intercept form :  = 1 is the equation of a straight line which makes intercepts a & b on OX & OY
a b
respectively.

Example # 13 : Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (–3, 8) and the sum of its
intercepts on the axes is 7.
x y
Solution : Let the equation of the line be + =1 ....(i)
a b
3 8
This passes through (–3, 8), therefore – + =1 ....(ii)
a b
It is given that a + b = 7  b = 7 – a.
3 8
Putting b = 7 – a in (ii), we get – + =1
a 7a
   a2 + 4a – 21 = 0  a = 3, – 7
For a = 3, b = 4 and for a = –7, b = 14
Putting the values of a and b in (i), we get the equations of the lines
x y x y
+ = 1 and + = 1 or 4x + 3y = 12 and 2x – y + 14 = 0
3 4 –7 14
Self practice problem :
(15) Find the equation of the line through (2, 3) so that the segment of the line intercepted between
the axes is bisected at this point.
Ans. 3x + 2y = 12.

Perpendicular/Normal form :
xcos + ysin = p (where p > 0, 0  < 2 ) is the equation of the straight line where the length of
the perpendicular from the origin O on the line is p and this perpendicular makes an angle  with
positive xaxis.

Example # 14 : Find the equation of the line which is at a distance 3 from the origin and the perpendicular from
the origin to the line makes an angle of 30º with the positive direction of the x-axis.
Solution : Here p = 3,  = 30º
 Equation of the line in the normal form is
3 y
x cos 30º + y sin 30º = 3 or x + = 3 or 3x+y=6
2 2

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 Straight Line
Self practice problem :
(16) The length of the perpendicular from the origin to a line is 7 and the line makes an angle of
150º with the positive direction (clock-wise) of y-axis. Find the equation of the line.
Ans. 3 x – y + 14 = 0

General Form : ax + by + c = 0 is the equation of a straight line in the general form

a
In this case, slope of line = –
b
c c
x - intercept = – , y - intercept = –
a b
Example # 15 : Find slope, x-intercept & y-intercept of the line 2x – 3y + 5 = 0.
Solution : Here, a = 2, b = – 3, c = 5
a 2
  slope = – =
b 3
c 5
x-intercept = – =–
a 2
5
y-intercept =
3

Self practice problem :

(17) Find the slope, x-intercept & y-intercept of the line 3x – 5y – 8 = 0.
3 8 8
Ans. (17) , , –
5 3 5
Parametric form :
x  x1 y  y1
P(r) = (x, y) = (x 1 + r cos , y1 + r sin ) or  = r is the equation of the line in
cos  sin 
parametric form, where ‘r’ is the parameter whose absolute value is the distance of any point (x, y) on
the line from the fixed point (x1, y1) on the line.

Remark : The above form is derived from point-slope form of line.

sin 
y – y1 = m (x – x1) where m = tan   y – y1 =
(x – x1)
cos 
Example # 16 : Find the equation of the line through the point A(1, 4) and making an angle of 45º with the
positive direction of x-axis. Also determine the length of intercept on it between A and the line
x + y – 10 = 0
Solution : The equation of a line through A and making an angle of 45º with the x-axis is
x 1 y4 x 1 y  4
= or = or x–y+3=0
cos 45º sin 45º 1 1
2 2
Suppose this line meets the line x + y – 10 = 0 at P such that AP = r. Then the co-ordinates of
P are given by
x 1 y4
= =r  x = 1 + r cos 45º, y = 4 + r sin 45º
cos 45º sin 45º
r r
  x=1+ ,y=4+
2 2
 r r 
Thus, the co-ordinates of P are  1  , 4 
 2 2
r r
Since P lies on x + y – 10 = 0, so 1 + +4+ = 10
2 2
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 Straight Line
5 5
  5+ 2 r = 10  r =  length AP = | r | =
2 2
5
Thus, the length of the intercept = .
2
Self practice problem :
(18) A straight line is drawn through the point A  3, 2  making an angle of /6 with positive

direction of the x-axis. If it meets the straight line 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 in B, find the distance
between A and B.
Ans. 6 units

Angle between two straight lines in terms of their slopes:

If m1 & m2 are the slopes of two intersecting straight lines (m 1 m2  1) &  is the acute angle between
m1  m2
them, then tan  = .
1  m1 m2

Notes : (i) Let m1, m2, m3 are the slopes of three lines L1 = 0;L2 = 0;L3 = 0 where m 1 > m2 > m3 , then the
m1  m2
tangent of interior angles of the  ABC formed by these lines are given by, tan A = ; tan
1  m1 m2
m2  m3 m3  m1
B= & tan C =
1  m2 m3 1  m3 m1
(ii) The equation of lines passing through point (x1, y1) and making angle  with the line y = mx + c are
given by :
(y  y1) = tan ( ) (x  x1) & (y  y1) = tan (+ ) (x  x1), where tan = m.

Example # 17 : The acute angle between two lines is /4 and slope of one of them is –1/3. Find the slope of
the other line.
m1  m2
Solution : If  be the acute angle between the lines with slopes m 1 and m2, then tan  =
1  m1m2

Let  = and m1 –1/3
4
1
–  m2
 3 3m2  1 3m2  1
  tan =  1=  = 1 or – 1
4 1 3 – m2 3 – m2
1– m2
3
3m2  1 1 3m2  1
Now =1   m2 = and = – 1 m2 = –2.
3 – m2 2 3 – m2
 The slope of the other line is either 1/2 or –2

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 Straight Line
Example # 18 : Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point (3,–2) and making angle
60º with the line 3 x + y =1.
Solution : Given line is 3 x + y =1..
  Slope of (1) = – 3 .
Let slope of the required line be m. Also between these lines is given to be 60º.

  tan 60º =
m  3   3=
m 3

m 3
=± 3
1 m  3  1– 3m 1– 3m

m 3
= 3   m + 3 = 3 – 3m   m=0
1– 3m
the equation of the required line is y + 2 = 0
m 3
=– 3  m= 3
1– 3m

 The equation of the required line is y +2 = 3 (x–3)  y 3 = x – 2 –3 3

Self practice problem :

(19) A vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and the equation of the opposite side is x + y = 2.
Find the equation of the other sides of the triangle.
Ans. (19) (2 – 3 )x – y + 2 3 – 1 = 0 and (2 + 3 ) x – y – 2 3 – 1 = 0.

Parallel Lines :
(i) When two straight lines are parallel their slopes are equal. Thus any line parallel to y = mx + c
is of the type y = mx + d, where ‘d’ is a parameter.

a b c
(ii) Two lines ax + by + c = 0 and ax + by + c = 0 are parallel if =  .
a b c 
Thus any line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is of the type ax + by + k = 0, where k is a parameter.

(iii) The distance between two parallel lines with equations ax + by + c1 = 0 &

c1  c 2
ax + by + c2 = 0 is = .
a2  b2

Note that coefficients of x & y in both the equations must be same.

p1 p2
(iv) The area of the parallelogram = , where p1 & p2 are distances between two pairs of
sin 
opposite sides &  is the angle between any two adjacent sides. Note that area of the
parallelogram bounded by the lines y = m1x + c1, y = m1x + c2 and y = m2x + d1, y = m2x + d2 is
(c1  c 2 ) (d1  d2 )
given by 
m1  m2

          
 
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 Straight Line
Example # 19 : Find the equation of the straight line that has y-intercept 5 and is parallel to the straight line
3x – 7y = 8.
Solution : Given line is 3x – 7y = 8
3
 Slope of (1) is
7
The required line is parallel to (1), so its slope is also 3/7, y-intercept of required line = 5
 By using y = mx + c form, the equation of the required line is
3
y= x+5 or 3x – 7y + 35 = 0
7

Example # 20 : Two sides of a square lie on the lines 5x – 12y + 6 = 0 and 5x – 12y = 20. What is its area ?
Solution : Clearly the length of the side of the square is equal to the distance between the parallel lines
5x – 12y + 6 = 0........(i) and 5x – 12y = 20 ........(ii)
Now, Distance between the parallel lines
| 6  20 |
= =2
52  (–12)2
Thus, the length of the side of the square is 2 and hence its area = 4

Example # 21 : Find the area of the parallelogram whose sides are x + 2y + 3 = 0, 3x + 4y – 5 = 0,

2x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 10 = 0
Solution :

3 5 10 5 1 3
Here, c1 = – , c2 = – , d1 = , d2 = , m1 = – , m2 = –
2 4 4 4 2 4
 3 5   10 5 
 2  4   4  4 
 Area =     =
5
sq. units
 1 3 4
 2  4 
 
Self practice problem :
(20) Find the area of parallelogram whose sides are given by 4x – 5y + 1 = 0, x – 3y – 6 = 0,
4x – 5y – 2 = 0 and 2x – 6y + 5 = 0
51
Ans. (20) sq. units
14
Perpendicular Lines:
(i) When two lines of slopes m 1 & m2 are at right angles, the product of their slopes is 1,
i.e. m1 m2 = Thus any line perpendicular to y = mx + c is of the form
1
y= x + d, where ‘d’ is any parameter.
m
(ii) Two lines ax + by + c = 0 and ax + by + c = 0 are perpendicular if aa + bb = 0. Thus any line
perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is of the form bx  ay + k = 0, where ‘k’ is any parameter.
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 Straight Line
Example # 22 : Find the equation of the straight line that passes through the point (3, 4) and perpendicular to
the line 3x + 2y + 5 = 0
Solution : The equation of a line perpendicular to 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 is
2x – 3y +  = 0 ...........(i)
This passes through the point (3, 4)
 3×2–3×4+=0=6
Putting = 6 in (i), we get 2x – 3y + 6 = 0, which is the required equation.

Aliter The slope of the given line is –3/2. Since the required line is perpendicular to the given line. So, the
2
slope of the required line is 2/3. As it passes through (3, 4). So, its equation is y – 4 = (x – 3)
3
or 2x – 3y + 6 = 0

Self practice problem :

(21) The vertices of a triangle are A(10, 4), B (–4, 9) and C(–2, –1). Find the equation of its
altitudes. Also find its orthocentre.
 9
Ans. (21) x – 5y + 10 = 0, 12x + 5y + 3 = 0, 14x – 5y + 23 = 0,  1, 
 5

Position of the point (x1, y1) relative of the line ax + by + c = 0 :

If ax1 + by1 + c is of the same sign as c, then the point (x 1, y1) lie on the origin side of ax + by + c = 0. But
if the sign of ax 1 + by1 + c is opposite to that of c, the point (x 1, y1) will lie on the nonorigin side of
ax + by + c = 0.
In general two points (x 1, y1) and (x2, y2) will lie on same side or opposite side of ax + by + c = 0
according as ax1 + by1 + c and ax2 + by2 + c are of same or opposite sign respectively.

Example # 23 : Show that (2, –1) and (–3, 3) lie on the opposite sides of the line 2x – 3y + 5 = 0.
Solution : At (2, –1), the value of 2x – 3y + 5 = 4 + 3 + 5 = 12 > 0.
At (–3, 3), the value of 2x – 3y + 5 = –6 – 9 + 5 = –10 < 0
 The points (2, –1) and (–3, 3) are on the opposite sides of the given line.

Self practice problems :

(22) Are the points (3, – 4) and (2, 6) on the same or opposite side of the line 3x – 4y = 8 ?
(23) Which one of the points (1, 1), (–1, 2) and (2, 3) lies on the side of the line 4x + 3y – 5 = 0 on
which the origin lies?
Ans. (22) Opposite sides (23) (–1, 2)

Length of perpendicular from a point on a line :

a x1  b y1  c
The length of perpendicular from P(x 1, y1) on ax + by + c = 0 is .
a2  b2

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 Straight Line

Example # 24 : Find the distance between the line 4x – 3y + 8 = 0 and the point (–2, 3)
(–2)  4  3  3  8 9
Solution : The required distance = =
4  ( 3)
2 2 5
Example # 25 : Find all points on x – y + 2 = 0 that lie at a unit distance from the line 12x – 5y + 9 = 0.
Solution : Note that the co-ordinates of an arbitrary point on x – y + 2 = 0 can be obtained by putting
x = t (or y = t) and then obtaining y (or x) from the equation of the line, where t is a parameter.
Putting x = t in the equation x – y + 2 = 0 of the given line, we obtain y = 2 + t.
So, co-ordinates of an arbitrary point on the given line are P(t, 2 + t). Let P(t, 2 + t) be the
required point. Then, distance of P from the line 12x – 5y + 9 = 0 is unity i.e.
12t – 5(t  2)  9
  = 1  |7t – 1| = 13 
122  52
   7t – 1 = ± 13  t = 2 or t = –12/7
Hence, required points are (2,4) or (–12/7,2/7)
Self practice problem :
(24) Find the length of the altitudes from the vertices of the triangle with vertices :
(–1, 1), (5, 2) and (3, –1).
16 8 16
Ans. (24) , ,
13 5 37
Reflection of a point about a line :
(i) Foot of the perpendicular from a point (x 1, y1) on the line ax + by + c = 0 is
x  x1 y  y1  ax  by  c 
    1 2 12 
a b  a b
 
(ii) The image of a point (x 1, y1) about the line ax + by + c = 0 is
x  x1 y  y1  ax1  by1  c 
 2  
a b  a2  b2 
Example # 26 : Find the foot of perpendicular of the line drawn from P (2, –3) on the line x – 2y + 5 = 0.
Solution : Slope of PM = – 2
 Equation of PM is
2x + y = 1 .........(i)
solving equation (i) with x – 2y + 5 = 0, we get
co-ordinates of M (–3/5, 11/5)
(2,–3)

x – 2y+5 = 0

x–2 y3 265 x–2 y3 13

Aliter Here, = =–  = =–  x = –3/5 , y = 11/5
1 2 1 4 1 2 5
Example # 27 : Find the image of the point P(–1, 2) in the line mirror 2x – 3y + 4 = 0.
Solution : Let image of P is Q.
 PM = MQ & PQ  AB
Let Q is (h, k)
 h 1 k  2 
  M is  ,
 2 2 
It lies on 2x – 3y + 4 = 0.

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 Straight Line
 h  1 k 2
  2   –3   + 4 = 0.
 2   2 
or 2h – 3k = 0 ...........(i)
k2
slope of PQ =
h 1
PQ  AB
k2 2
  × = – 1.  3h + 2k – 1 = 0. ........(ii)
h 1 3
3 2
soving (i) & (ii), we get h = ,k=
13 13
 3 2 
 Image of P(– 1, 2) is Q  , 
 13 13 
Aliter The image of P (– 1, 2) about the line
x 1 y  2 [2( 1)  3(2)  4]
2x – 3y + 4 = 0 is = =–2
2 3 22  ( 3)2
x 1 y  2 8
= =
2 3 13
3 2
  13x + 13 = 16 x = & 13y – 26 = – 24 y=
13 13
 3 2 
  image is  , 
 13 13 
Self practice problems :
(25) Find the foot of perpendicular of the line drawn from (– 2, – 3) on the line 3x – 2y – 1 = 0.

(26) Find the image of the point (1, 2) in y-axis.

 23 41 
Ans. (25)  ,  (26) (– 1, 2)
 13 13 
Centroid, Incentre & Excentre :
If A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of triangle ABC, whose sides BC, CA, AB are of lengths a,
b, c respectively, then the co-ordinates of the special points of triangle ABC are as follows :
 x  x 2  x3 y  y 2  y3 
Centroid G   1 , 1 
 3 3 
 ax  bx2  cx3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
Incentre I   1 ,  , and
 a  b  c a  b  c 
  ax1  bx2  cx3  ay1  by2  cy3 
Excentre (to A) I1   ,  and so on.
  a  b  c  a  b  c 

Notes : (i) Incentre divides the angle bisectors in the ratio, (b + c) : a; (c + a) : b & (a + b) : c.
(ii) Incentre and excentre are harmonic conjugate of each other w.r.t. the angle bisector on which
they lie.
(iii) Orthocentre, Centroid & Circumcentre are always collinear & centroid divides the line joining
orthocentre & circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1.
(iv) In an isosceles triangle G, O,  & C lie on the same line and in an equilateral triangle, all these
four points coincide.
(v) In a right angled triangle orthocentre is at right angled vertex and circumcentre is mid point of
hypotenuse
(vi) In case of an obtuse angled triangle circumcentre and orthocentre both are out side the
triangle.
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 Straight Line

Example # 28: Find the co-ordinates of (i) centroid (ii) in-centre of the triangle whose vertices are (0, 0), (5, 0)
and (0, 12).
Solution : (i) We know that the co-ordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose angular points are
 x  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
(x1, y1), (x2, y2) (x3, y3) are  1 , 
 3 3 
So the co-ordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (0, 0), (5, 0) and
 0  5  0 0  0  12  5 
(0, 12) are  ,  or  ,4  .
 3 3  3 
(ii) Let A (0, 0), B (5, 0) and C(0, 12) be the vertices of triangle ABC.
Then c = AB = 5, b = CA =12
and a = BC = 13.
 ax  bx2  cx3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
The co-ordinates of the in-centre are  1 , 
 abc abc 
 13  0  12  5  5  0 13  0  12  0  5  12 
or  ,  or (2, 2)
 5  12  13 5  12  13 

Self practice problems :

(27) Two vertices of a triangle are (3, –5) and (–7, 4). If the centroid is (2, –1), find the third vertex.
(28) Find the co-ordinates of the centre of the circle inscribed in a triangle whose vertices are
(– 36, 7), (20, 7) and (0, – 8)
Ans. (27) (10, – 2) (28) (–1, 0)

Bisectors of the angles between two lines:

Equations of the bisectors of angles between the lines ax + by + c = 0 &
ax  by  c a x  b y  c 
ax + by + c= 0 (ab ab) are : =±
a  b
2 2
a2  b2
Note : Equation of straight lines passing through P(x 1, y1) & equally inclined with the lines
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 & a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 are those which are parallel to the bisectors between these two
lines & passing through the point P.
Example # 29 : Find the equations of the bisectors of the angle between the straight lines
3x + y + 1 = 0 and x + 3y + 1 = 0.
3x  y  1
Solution : The equations of the bisectors of the angles between 3x+y+1= 0 and x+3y+1=0 are
32  12
x  3y  1
=± or 3x + y + 1 = ± (x + 3y + 1)
12  32
Taking the positive sign, we get x = y as one bisector
Taking the negative sign, we get 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 as the other bisector.

Self practice problem :

(29) Find the equations of the bisectors of the angles between the following pairs of straight lines
3x + 4y + 13 = 0 and 12x – 5y + 32 = 0
Ans. (29) 21x – 77y – 9 = 0 and 99x + 27y + 329 = 0

Methods to discriminate between the acute angle bisector & the obtuse angle bisector:
(i) If  be the angle between one of the lines & one of the bisectors, find tan 
If tan  < 1, then 2  < 90° so that this bisector is the acute angle bisector.
If tan > 1, then we get the bisector to be the obtuse angle bisector.
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 Straight Line
(ii) Let L1 = 0 & L2 = 0 are the given lines & u1 = 0 and u2 = 0 are the bisectors between
L1 = 0 & L2 = 0. Take a point P on any one of the lines
L1 = 0 or L2 = 0 and drop perpendicular on u1 = 0 & u2 = 0 as shown in figure. If, 
  p < q  u1 is the acute angle bisector.
  p > q  u1 is the obtuse angle bisector.
  p = q  the lines L1 & L2 are perpendicular.

(iii) If aa + bb < 0, then the equation of the bisector of this acute angle is
ax + by + c a x + b  y + c 
=+
a2  b2 a2  b2
If, however, aa+ bb > 0, the equation of the bisector of the obtuse angle is :
ax + by + c a x + b  y + c 
=+
a2  b2 a2  b2

Example # 30 : For the straight lines 2x – y + 1 = 0 and x – 2y – 2 = 0, find the equation of the
(i) bisector of the obtuse angle between them;
(ii) bisector of the acute angle between them;
Solution : 2x – y + 1 = 0 ........(1)
and x – 2y – 2 = 0 ........(2)
Here a1 = 2, a2 = 1, b1 = –1, b2 = –2
Now a1a2 + b1b2 = 4 > 0
  bisector of the obtuse angle between lines (1) and (2) will be
2x – y  1 x – 2y – 2
=
2  (–1)
2 2
12  (–2)2
or x+y+3=0
and the equation of the bisector of the acute angle will be
2x – y  1 x – 2y – 2
=–
2  (–1)
2 2
12  (–2)2
or 3x – 3y = 1
Self practice problem :

(30) Find the equations of the bisectors of the angles between the lines x + y – 3 = 0 and
7x – y + 5 = 0 and state which of them bisects the acute angle between the lines.
Ans. (30) x – 3y + 10 = 0 (bisector of the obtuse angle);
6x + 2y – 5 = 0 (bisector of the acute angle)

Condition of Concurrency :
a1 b1 c1
Three lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 & a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 are concurrent if a2 b2 c 2 = 0.
a3 b3 c3

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Alternatively : If three constants A, B & C (not all zero) can be found such that
A(a1x + b1y + c1) + B(a2x + b2y + c2) + C(a3x + b3y + c3)  0, then the three straight lines are concurrent.

Example # 31 : If the straight lines x + 2y = 9, 3x + 5y = 5 and ax – by = 1 are concurrent. Then find the value
of 35a + 22b
Solution : Given lines are
x + 2y = 9 ........(1)
3x + 5y = 5 ........(2)
and ax – by = 1 ........(3)
Lines will be concurrent if  = 0
1 2 9
   = 3 5 –5 = 0  35a + 22b = –1
a b –1

Self practice problem :

(31) Find the value of m so that the lines 4x – 3y + 2 = 0, 3x + 4y – 4 = 0 and
x + my + 6 = 0 may be concurrent.
Ans. (31) –7

Family of Straight Lines :

The equation of a family of straight lines passing through the point of intersection of the lines,
L1  a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 & L2  a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 is given by L1 + k L2 = 0 i.e.
(a1x + b1y + c1) + k(a2x + b2y + c2) = 0, where k is an arbitrary real number.

Note : (i) If u1 = ax + by + c, u2 = ax + by + d, u3 = ax + by + c, u4 = ax + by + d then

u1=0; u2= 0; u3= 0 ; u4= 0 form a parallelogram. The diagonal BD can be given by u2u3 – u1u4= 0.

(ii) The diagonal AC is also given by u1 + u4 = 0 and u2 + u3 = 0, if the two equations are
identical for some real  and 
[For getting the values of  & compare the coefficients of x, y & the constant terms].

Example # 32 : If 3a + 2b + 5c = 0 and the set of lines ax + by + c = 0 passes through a fixed point . Find
co-ordinates of that point.
Solution : 3a + 2b + 5c = 0 ....... (i)
ax + by + c = 0 ....... (ii)
Eliminating c, we get.
1  3  2  3 b  2
ax + by – (3a + 2b) = 0  a  x –  + b  y –  = 0   x –  +  y –  = 0
5  5   5   5  a  5 
It is of the form L1 + L2 = 0
3 2
Which passes through the point of intersection  ,  of L1= 0 & L2= 0 for all real values of a & b
5 5
3 2
Aliter : 3a + 2b + 5c = 0  a + b +c=0
5 5
3 2 3 2
 5 , 5  lies on the line ax + by + c = 0 Hence fixed point  5 , 5 
   

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 Straight Line
Example # 33 : Obtain the equations of the lines passing through the intersection of lines
3x + 7y = 17 and x + 2y = 5 and is prependicular to the straight line 3x + 4y = 10.
Solution : The equation of any line through the intersection of the given lines is
(x + 2y – 5) +  (3x + 7y – 17) = 0
or x (3  + 1) + y (7 + 2) – 17 – 5 = 0 .......(i)
This is prependicular to the line 3x + 4y = 10
 3  1   3  11
 –   –  = –1   = –
 7  2   4  37
Putting this value of  in (i), the equation of required line 4x – 3y + 2 = 0

Self practice problem :

(32) Find the equation of the lines through the point of intersection of the lines
x – 3y + 1 = 0 and 2x + 5y – 9 = 0 and whose distance from the origin is 5
Ans. (32 ) 2x + y – 5 = 0

A Pair of straight lines through origin:

(i) A homogeneous equation of degree two,
"ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0" always represents a pair of
straight lines passing through the origin if :
(a) h² > ab  lines are real & distinct .
(b) h² = ab  lines are coincident .
(c) h² < ab  lines are imaginary with real point of intersection i.e. (0, 0)

This equation is obtained by multiplying the two equations of lines

(m1x – y) (m2x – y) = 0
m1m2x2 – (m1 + m2) xy + y2 = 0

(ii) If y = m1x & y = m2x be the two equations represented by ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0, then;
2h a
m1 + m 2 =  & m1 m2 = .
b b

(iii) If  is the acute angle between the pair of straight lines represented by,

2 h2  ab
ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0, then tan = .
a  b

(iv) The condition that these lines are :

(a) at right angles to each other is a + b = 0. i.e. coefficient of x² +coefficient of y² = 0.
(b) coincident is h² = ab .
(c) equally inclined to the axis of x is h = 0.i.e. coeff. of xy = 0 .
Note that a homogeneous equation of degree n represents n straight lines passing through origin.

(v) The equation to the pair of straight lines bisecting the angles between the straight lines
x2  y2 x y
ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 is = .
ab h

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 Straight Line
Example # 34 : Show that the equation 18x 2 – 9xy + y2 = 0 represents a pair of distinct straight lines, each
passing through the origin. Find the separate equations of these lines.
Solution : The given equation is a homogeneous equation of second degree. So, it represents a pair of
straight lines passing through the origin. Comparing the given equation with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we obtain a = 18, b = 1 and 2h = – 9.
81 9
 h2 – ab = – 18 = >0  h2 > ab
4 4
Hence, the given equation represents a pair of distinct lines passing through the origin.
2
y y y  y 
Now, 18x2 – 9xy + y2 = 0    – 9   + 18 = 0    6    3  = 0
 
x  
x  x  x 
 – 6 = 0 or – 3 = 0  y – 6x = 0 or y – 3x = 0
So the given equation represents the straight lines y – 3x = 0 and y – 6x = 0.

Example # 35 : Find the equations to the pair of lines through the origin which are perpendicular to the lines
represented by 6x2 – xy – 12y2 = 0.
Solution : We have 6x2 – xy – 12y2 = 0.
  6x2 – 9xy + 8xy – 12y2 = 0  (3x + 4y)(2x – 3y) = 0
 3x + 4y = 0 & 2x – 3y = 0
Thus the given equation represents the lines 3x + 4y = 0 and 2x – 3y = 0. The equations of the lines
passing through the origin and perpendicular to the given lines are 4x – 3y = 0 & 3x + 2y = 0
there combined equations 12x 2 – xy – 6y2 = 0

Example # 36 : Find the angle between the pair of straight lines x 2 – 3xy + 2y2 = 0
Solution : Given equation is x2 – 3xy + 2y2 = 0
Here a = coeff. of x 2 = 1, b = coeff. of y2 = 2
3
and 2h = coeff. of xy = –3  h=–
2
9
2 h2  ab 2 2 1
Now tan  = = 4 =
ab 1 2 3

Where  is the acute angle between the lines.

 1
 acute angle between the lines is tan–1   and obtuse angle between them is
3
 1
 – tan–1  
3
Example # 37 : Find the equation of the bisectors of the angle between the lines represented by
3x2 – 5xy + 4y2 = 0
Solution : Given equation is 3x2 – 5xy + 4y2 = 0 .......(1)
comparing it with the equation ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 .......(2)
we have a = 3, 2h = –5; and b = 4
Now the equation of the bisectors of the angle between the pair of lines (1) is
x2  y2 xy x2  y2 xy x2  y2 2xy
= or = ; or = or 5x2 – 2xy – 5y2 = 0
ab h 34 5 1 5

2

Self practice problems :

(33) Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines y2 – 9xy + 18x2 = 0 and y = 9.
(34) If the pairs of straight lines x2 – 2pxy – y2 = 0 and x2 – 2qxy – y2 = 0 be such that each
pair bisects the angle between the other pair, prove that pq = –1.
27
Ans. (33) sq. units
4

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 Straight Line
General equation of second degree representing a pair of Straight lines :
(i) ax² + 2hxy + by² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a pair of straight lines if :
a h g
abc + 2fgh  af²  bg²  ch² = 0, i.e. if h b f = 0.
g f c
Such an equation is obtained again by multiplying the two equation of lines
(a1x + b1y + c1) (a2x + b2y + c2) = 0
(ii) The angle  between the two lines representing by a general equation is the same as that
between the two lines represented by its homogeneous part only.
Example # 38 : Prove that the equation 6x 2 + 13xy + 6y2 + 8x + 7y + 2 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines.
Find the co-ordinates of their point of intersection.
Solution : Given equation is 6x2 + 13xy + 6y2 + 8x + 7y + 2 = 0
Writing the equation (1) as a quadratic equation in x we have
6x2 + (13y + 8) x + 6y2 + 7y + 2 = 0
(13y  8)  (13y  8)2  4.6(6y 2  7y  2)
 x=
12
(13y  8)  169y2  208y  64  144y 2  168y  48
=
12
(13y  8)  25y 2  40y  16 (13y  8)  (5y  4)
= =
12 12
  12x = –13y – 8 + 5y + 4 or 12x = –13y – 8 – 5y – 4
 3x + 2y + 1 = 0 or 2x + 3y + 2 = 0
Hence equation (1) represents a pair of straight lines whose equation are
3x + 2y + 1 = 0 .....(1) and 2x + 3y + 2 = 0 .....(2)
Solving these two equations, the required point of intersection is
Self practice problem :
(35) Find the combined equation of the straight lines passing through the point (1, 1) and parallel
to the lines represented by the equation x 2– 5xy+4y2+x+2y–2 = 0 and find the angle between
them.
3
Ans. (35) x2 – 5xy + 4y2 + 3x – 3y = 0, tan–1  
5
Homogenization :
This method is used to write the joint equation of two lines connecting origin to the points of intersection
of a given line and a given second degree curve. The equation of a pair of straight lines joining origin to
the points of intersection of the line L  x + my + n = 0 and a second degree curve
S  ax² + 2hxy + by² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2
 x  my   x  my   x  my 
is ax² + 2hxy + by² + 2gx    2fy    c   = 0.
  n    n   n 
The equation is obtained by homogenizing the equation of curve with the help of equation of line.

x  my
Notes : (i) Here we have written 1 as and converted all terms of the curve to
n
second degree expressions
(ii) Equation of any curve passing through the points of intersection of two curves
C1 = 0 and C2 = 0 is given by  C1 +  C2 = 0, where  &  are parameters.
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 Straight Line
Example # 39 : All chords of the curve 2x2 – 3y2 + 4x – 2y = 0 which subtend a right angle at the origin passes

through a fixed point. Find that point

Solution : Let Ax + By = 1 be a chord of the curve 2x 2 – 3y2 + 4x – 2y = 0

Equation of the given curve is 2x 2 – 3y2 + 4x – 2y = 0

and equation of the chord is Ax + By = 1 ....(i)

Making equation (1) homogeneous equation of the second degree in x any y with the help of

(1), we have 2x2 – 3y2 + 4x (Ax + By) – 2y(Ax + By) = 0

x2(2 + 4A) + y2 (–3 – 2B) + xy (4B – 2A) = 0 ....(ii)

since line represented by (ii) are at right angle

coefficient of x 2+ coefficient of y2 = 0

 2 + 4A + (–3 – 2B) = 0

4A – 2B = 1

chord Ax + By = 1

x=4 y = –2

fixed point (4, – 2)

Self practice problems :

(36) Find the equation of the straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line

3x + 4y – 5 = 0 and the curve 2x2 + 3y2 = 5.

(37) Find the equation of the straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line

lx + my + n = 0 and the curve y2 = 4ax. Also, find the condition of their perpendicularity.

Ans. (36) x2 – y2 – 24xy = 0 (37) 4alx2 + 4amxy + ny2 = 0; 4al + n = 0

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 ljy js[kk

ljy js[kk (Straight Line)

The knowledge of which geometry aims is the knowledge of the eternal...... Plato
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

,d Qzkalhlh xf.krK vkSj ,d egku fopkjd ftudk uke jsus fMLdkVZ] us chtxf.kr esa T;kfefr; mi;ksx dks [kkstkA
mUgksus T;kfefr; ds v/;;u dks chtxf.krh; fof/k;ksa ls] fcuk okLrfod fp=k cuk,sa gy djus dh lykg nhA
;g T;kfefr funsZ'kkad T;kferh; ;k fo'ys"k.k T;kfefr dgykrh gS vkSj ;g T;kfefr dh og 'kk[kk gS ftlesa
chtxf.krh; lehdj.k dk mi;ksx fcUnqvksa] js[kkvksa vkSj oØksa dks fu:fir djus esa gksrk gS

vk;rh; ¼dkfrZ;½ funsZ'k ra=k (Rectangular cartesian coordinate systems) :

vc ge f}foe funsZ'kkad T;kfefr ij /;ku nsaxs ftlesa nks yEcor~ js[kk,¡ ] funZs'kh v{k (x-v{k rFkk y-v{k) dgykrh gS]
tks ,d lery esa ,d fcUnq dh fLFkfr Kkr djus esa ç;qDr gksrh gSA

O ewy fcUnq dgykrk gSA bl lery esa dksbZ fcUnq P ,d vf}rh; Øfer ;qXe (x, y) }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k tk ldrk
gS] ftUgasa ml fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad dgrs gSaA x, x-funsZ'kkad ;k Hkqt rFkk y, y-funsZ'kkad ;k dksfV dgykrk gSA nks yEcor
js[kk,¡ xox rFkk yoy lery dks pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkDr djrh gS ftUgsa prqFkk±'k dgrs gS] tks fd fp=kkuqlkj Øekafdr
gSaA

nwjh lw=k (Distance Formula)

vk;rh; funsZ'kkad i)fr esa
A(x1,y1) vkSj B(x2,y2) ds e/; nwjh =  x1  x2 2   y1  y2 2 .

mnkgj.k # 1 : ;fn fcUnqvksa (x, 8) ,oa (4, 3) ds chp dh nwjh 13 gS] rks x dk eku Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk P(x ,8) rFkk Q(4, 3) fn, x, fcUnq gSA PQ = 13 (fn;k gqvk gS)
 (x  4)2  (8  3)2 = 13  (x – 4)2 + 25 = 169  x = 16 ;k x = – 8

vE;kl iz'u
(1) iznf'kZr dhft, fd pkj fcUnq (0, –1), (6, 7) (–2, 3) ,oa (8, 3) ,d vk;r ds 'kh"kZ gSA
(2) f=kHkqt ds ifjdsUnz ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, ftlds 'kh"kZ (8, 6), (8, –2) ,oa (2, –2) gSaA bldh ifjf=kT;k Hkh
Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (2) (5, 2), 5

foHkktu lw=k (Section Formula) :

;fn P(x, y) fcUnqvkas A(x1, y1) ,oa B(x2, y2) dks feykus okyh js[kk dks m : n vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gS] rks
m x 2  n x1 m y 2  n y1
x= ;y= .
m  n m  n

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 ljy js[kk
uksV %
m m
(i) ;fn /kukRed gS rks foHkktu] vUr%foHkktu gksxk ysfdu ;fn _.kkRed gS rks ;g ckg~; foHkktu
n n
gksxkA
(ii) ;fn P, AB dks m : n vuqikr esa vUr%foHkkftr rFkk Q, AB dks m : n vuqikr esa ckg~; foHkkftr djrs gS
rks P ,oa Q, AB ds lkis{k ,d nwljs ds gjkRed la;qXeh dgykrs gSA
xf.krh; :i esa

2 1 1
  vFkkZr AP, AB ,oa AQ gjkRed Js<+h esa gSA
AB AP AQ

mnkjg.k # 2 : ml fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, tks fcUnqvksa (2, 5) ,oa (– 3, 7) dks feykus okyh js[kk dks 2 : 3 vuqikr
esa (i) vUr% foHkkftr djrk gS (ii) ckg~; foHkkftr djrk gSA
gy % ekuk fd og fcUnq P (x, y) gSA
(i) vUr% foHkktu ds fy,
 6  6 14  15   29 
(x, y) =  ,  =  0,
5 
(2, 5) (–3, 7)
 23 23  

3
(ii) ckg~; foHkktu ds fy, 2
 6  6 14  15  P A B
(x, y) =  ,  = (12, 1)
 23 23  (x, y) (2, 5) (–3, 7)

mnkgj.k # 3 : mu fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, tks fcUnqvksa (2,–3) ,oa (4, 5) dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks
lef=kfoHkkftr djrs gSA
gy % ekuk fn, x, fcUnq A (2, –3) ,oa B(4, 5) gSA
ekuk f=kfoHkktu fcUnq P ,oa Q gSA rc AP = PQ = QB =  (ekuk)
 PB = PQ + QB = 2 ,oa AQ = AP + PQ = 2
  AP : PB =  : 2 = 1 : 2 ,oa AQ : QB = 2 :  = 2 : 1 (2, –3) (4, 5)

vr% P, AB dks 1 : 2 vuqikr esa vUr%foHkkftr djrk gS tcfd Q bls 2 : 1 vuqikr esa vUr%foHkkftr djrk gSaA
44 56 8  2 10  3 
;k  ,   rFkk Q ds funsZ'kkad  ;k  , 
8 1 10 7
 P ds funsZ'kkad  ,  , 
 1 2 1 2  3 3  1 2 1 2   3 3
 8  1   10 7
vr% f=kfoHkkftr djus okys fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad  ,   ,oa  ,  gSaA
3 3  3 3
vE;kl dk;Z %
(3) fcUnq (4, 1) fcUnqvksa (1, –2) ,oa (5, 2) dks feykus okyh js[kk dks fdl vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gS \
(4) ;fn lekUrj prqHkqZt ds rhu 'kh"kZ ,d gh Øe esa Øe'k% (–2, 0), (4, 2) ,oa (5, 3) fy, tkrs gS rks prqFkZ
'kh"kZ ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (3) 3 : 1 vUr% foHkktu (4) (–1, 1)

vuqikr ftlesa nh xbZ ljy js[kk] fn;s x;s fcUnqvksa dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks foHkkftr djrk gS
(The ratio in which a given line divides the line segment joining two points) :
ekuk nh xbZ ljy js[kk ax + by + c = 0 fcUnqvksa A(x1, y1) ,oa B(x2, y2) dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks m : n vuqikr
m a x1  b y1  c
esa foHkkftr djrk gS rks   -
n a x2  b y2  c
;fn fcUnq A ,oa B nh xbZ ljy js[kk ds ,d gh vksj fLFkr gks] rks vuqikr m/n _.kkRed gksrk gS rFkk fcUnqvksa ds
ljy js[kk ds foijhr vksj fLFkr gksus ij vuqikr m/n /kukRed gksrk gSA

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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 4 : ljy js[kk x + y – 5 = 0 fcUnqvksa A (1, 2) ,oa B(– 3, 4) dks feykus ls izkIr js[kk[k.M dks ftl vuqikr esa
foHkkftr djrh gS og vuqikr Kkr djksA
gy : ekuk ljy js[kk x + y = 5, js[kk[k.M AB dks fcUnq P ij k : 1 ds vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrh gSA
3k  1 4k  2 
  fcUnq P ds funsZ'kkad  , 
 k 1 k 1 
pwafd fcUnq P ljy js[kk x + y – 5 = 0 ij fLFkr gSa &
3k  1 4k  2 1
 + –5=0 k=–
k 1 k 1 2
  vr% vHkh"B vuqikr 1 : 2 (ckg~; foHkktu) gksxkA
vU; fof/k % ekuk vHkh"B vuqikr 1 : 2 gSA 
m (1 1  1 2  5) 1
   =– =–  vuqikr 1 : 2 ckg~; foHkktu gksxkA
n 1 ( 3)  1 4  5 2
vH;kl dk;Z :
(5) ;fn ljy js[kk 2x – 3y +  = 0, fcUnqvksa A (– 1, 2) ,oa B(– 3, – 3) dks feykus ls izkIr js[kk[k.M dks
2 : 3 ds vuqikr esa vUr% foHkkftr djrh gS rks dk eku Kkr djksA
Ans. 18/5
izo.krk lw=k (Slope Formula) :
;fn ,d ljy js[kk xv{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls dks.k ij >qdh gqbZ gS rFkk 0°  < 180°,  90° gks] rks js[kk
dh izo.krk dks m }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk m = tan  }kjk ifjHkkf"kr gSA ;fn  dk eku 90° gS] rks m
fo|eku ugha gksxk ijUrq js[kk yv{k ds lekUrj gksxhA ;fn = 0 gks] rks m = 0 rFkk js[kk xv{k ds lekUrj gksxhA
 y1  y 2 
;fn A (x1, y1) ,oa B (x2, y2), x1  x2, fcUnq ljy js[kk ij gS] rks js[kk dh izo.krk m = 
 }kjk nh tkrh gSA
 x1  x 2 
mnkgj.k # 5 : ml ljy js[kk dh izo.krk Kkr dhft, ftuds x-v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls >qdko fuEufyf[kr gS :
(i) 30º (ii) 90º (iii) 135º
gy : (i) ;gk¡  = 30º
1
izo.krk = tan  = tan 30º = .
3
(ii) ;gk¡  = 90º
 js[kk dh izo.krk ifjHkkf"kr ugh gSA
(iii) ;gk¡ = 135º
 izo.krk = tan  = tan 135º = tan (180º – 45º) = – tan 45º = –1.

mnkgj.k # 6 : fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ls xqtjus okyh js[kk dh izo.krk Kkr dhft, :

(i) (2, 7) rFkk (– 3, 4) (ii) (6, 9) rFkk (–2, 7)
gy % (i) ekuk A = (2, 7) ,oa B = (–3, 4)
47 3  y 2  y1 
 AB dh izo.krk = =  izo.krk  }kjk 
3  2 5  x 2  x1 
(ii) ekuk A = (6, 9), B = (–2, 7)
79 1
 AB dh izo.krk = =
2  6 4
vH;kl dk;Z :
(6) ;fn (1, 5) rFkk (x, –7) dks feykus okyh js[kk dh izo.krk 4 gS] rks x dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(7) js[kk dk >qdko Kkr dhft, ftudh izo.krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gS
(i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) –1 (iv) –1/ 3

Ans. (6) –2 (7) (i) 0º, (ii) 45º, (iii) 135º, (iv) 150º
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 ljy js[kk

rhu fcUnqvksa ds lajs[kh; gksus dk izfrcU/k (Condition of collinearity of three points) :

fcUnq A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C(x3, y3) lajs[kh; gksxsa ;fn
y  y2   y 2  y3 
(i) mAB = mBC = mCA vFkkZr~  1  =  
 x1  x2   x 2  x3 
x1 y1 1
(ii)  ABC = 0 vFkkZr~ x2 y2 1 =0
x3 y3 1
(iii) AC = AB + BC ;k AB ~ BC
(iv) js[kk[k.M BC dks fcUnq A fdlh vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gksA

mnkgj.k # 7 : iznf'kZr dhft, fd fcUnq (–2, –1), (2, 7) rFkk (5, 13) lajs[kh; gSA
gy : ekuk (–2, –1) (2, 7) rFkk (5, 13) Øe'k% A, B rFkk C fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad gSA
7 1 13  7
AB dh izo.krk = = 2 rFkk BC dh izo.krk = =2
22 52
  AB dh izo.krk = BC dh izo.krk
  AB ,oa BC lekUrj gSA
  A, B, C lajs[kh; gS D;ksafd B, AB rFkk BC nksuksa js[kkvksa ij fLFkr gSA
vH;kl dk;Z :
1 1
(8) fl) dhft, fd fcUnq (a, 0), (0, b) ,oa (1, 1) lajs[kh; gS ;fn + = 1.
a b

f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy (Area of a Triangle)

;fn A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) ,oa C(x3, y3) f=kHkqt ABC ds 'kh"kZ gks] rks
x1 y1 1
1
  ABC dk {ks=kQy = x2 y2 1 }kjk fn;k tkrk gS tcfd f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ okekorZ Øe esa fy;s x;s gSA
2
x3 y3 1
;gh lw=k] 'kh"kksZa dks nf{k.kkorZ Øe esa ysus ij _.kkRed {ks=kQy nsrk gSA
uksV : 'kh"kkZsa (x1, y1) ; (x2, y2); ........(xn, yn) ls cus n- Hkqtkvksa okys cgqHkqt dk {ks=kQy
1  x1 x2 x2 x3 xn1 xn xn x1 
=    ...............   gksrk gSA
2  y1 y2 y2 y3 yn1 yn yn y1 

mnkgj.k # 8 : ;fn nks fcUnqvksa A rFkk B ds funsZ'kkad Øe'k% (2, 1) ,oa (4, –3) gS] rks fdlh fcUnq P ds funsZ'kkad Kkr
dhft, tcfd PA = PB ,oa PAB dk {ks=kQy 6 oxZ bdkbZ gSA
gy : ekuk fd P ds funsZ'kkad (x, y) gS] rks
PA = PB   PA2 = PB2   
   (x – 2) + (y – 1) = (x – 4)2 + (y + 3)2
2 2
 x – 2y = 5 ....(i)
x y 1
1
vc, PAB dk {ks=kQy = 6   2 1 1 =±6  4x + 2y – 10 = ± 12
2
4 3 1
 4x + 2y = 22 ;k 4x + 2y = –2
 2x + y = 11 ;k 2x + y = –1
27 1
2x + y = 11 vkSj x – 2y = 5 dks gy djus ij x = ,y= feyrk gSA blh izdkj 2x + y = –1 vkSj
5 5
3 11  27 1   3 11 
x – 2y = 5 dks gy djus ij x = ,y=– feyrk gSA vr% P ds funsZ'kkad  ,  ;k  ,   gSA
5 5  5 5  5 5 

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 ljy js[kk
vH;kl dk;Z :
(9) ;fn fdlh f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy 5 oxZ bdkbZ gSA blds nks 'kh"kZ (2, 1) rFkk (3, –2) gSA rhljk 'kh"kZ y = x + 3
ij fLFkr gSA rhljk 'kh"kZ Kkr dhft,A
(10) fcUnq A, B, C ds funsZ'kkad Øe'k% (6, 3), (–3, 5) rFkk (4, –2) rFkk p(x, y) ,d fcUnq gSA iznf'Zkr dhft, dh
xy2
f=kHkqt PBC rFkk f=kHkqt ABC ds {ks=kQyks dk vuqikr gSA
7
 7 13   3 3
Ans. (9)  2 , 2  ;k   2 , 2 
   
fofHkUu :iksa esa js[kk dk lehdj.k (Equation of a Straight Line in various forms) :
vc ge ;g le>rs gS fd fdl izdkj ,d chtx.kh; lehdj.k dh lgk;rk ls ,d js[kk dks n'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA
js[kk ij ,d pj fcUnq ¼fcUnq ftlds funsZ'kkad pj gSa½ ekurs gSa vkSj dqN izkpy dh lgk;rk ls blds funsZ'kkadksa ds
chp ,d lac} LFkkfir djrs gSA izkpy ij fuHkZj djus okys js[kk ds fofHkUu :i gSA
fcUnq&izo.krk :i (point-slope form) : y  y1 = m (x  x1) ml ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k gS ftldh izo.krk m gS
rFkk tks fcUnq (x1, y1) ls xqtjrh gksA
mnkgj.k # 9 : fcUnq (3, –4) ls xqtjus okyh ,oa x-v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls 150º ds dks.k ij >qdh gqbZ js[kk dh lehdj.k
Kkr dhft,A
1
gy : ;gk¡ m = js[kk dh izo.krk = tan 150º = tan (90º + 60º) = – cot 60º = – ,
3
x1 = 3, y1 = –4
vr% js[kk dk lehdj.k y – y1 = m (x – x1) ls &
1
vFkkZr y+4=– (x – 3)
3
x+ 3y+4 3 –3=0
vH;kl dk;Z :
(11) fcUnq P(–3, 5) ls tkus okyh ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,] ftldh izo.krk –2 gSA
Ans. 2x + y + 1 = 0

izo.krk&vUr%[k.M :i (slope-intercept form) : y = mx + c ml ljy js[kk dh lehdj.k gS ftldh izo.krk m

gS rFkk og y–v{k ij c vUr%[k.M cukrh gksA
mnkgj.k # 10 : –3 izo.krk okyh ,oa y-v{k dh _.kkRed fn'kk ij 5 bdkbZ dk vUr%[k.M dkVus okyh ljy js[kk dh
lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
gy : ;gk¡ m = –3 rFkk c = – 5,vr% js[kk dk lehdj.k y = mx +c
vFkkZr~ y = –3x – 5 ;k 3x + y + 5 =0

vH;kl dk;Z :
(12) ml ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks y-v{k ij 3 bdkbZ yEckbZ dk vUr%[k.M dkVrh gS rFkk
ftldh izo.krk –3 gSA
Ans. 3x + y – 3 = 0
y 2  y1
nks fcUnq :i (Two point form): y  y1 = (x  x1) ml ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k gS tks fcUnq (x1, y1) ,oa
x 2  x1
(x2, y2) ls xqtjrh gSA
mnkgj.k # 11 : fcUnq (3, 4) ,oa (–2, 5) dks feykus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
gy % ;gk¡ nks fcUnq (x1, y1) = (3, 4) ,oa (x2, y2) = (–2, 5) gS
vr% nks fcUnq :i ls js[kk dk lehdj.k&
54
y–4= (x – 3)   x + 5y = 23
2  3
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 ljy js[kk
vE;kl dk;Z %
(13) ml f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds 'kh"kZ (–1, 8), (4, –2) ,oa
(–5, –3) gSA fcUnq (–1, 8) ls xqtjus okyh ekf/;dk dk lehdj.k Hkh Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2x + y – 6 = 0, x – 9y – 22 = 0, 11x – 4y + 43 = 0, 21x + y + 13 = 0

x y 1
lkjf.kd :i (Determinant form) : fcUnqvksa (x1, y1) ,oa (x2, y2) ls xqtjus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k x1 y1 1  0 gSA
x2 y2 1
mnkgj.k # 12 : (2, 4) ,oa (– 1, 3) ls xqtjus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
x y 1
gy % 2 4 1 = 0 x – 3y + 10 = 0
1 3 1
vE;kl dk;Z %
(14) (– 2, 3) ,oa (– 1, – 1) ls xqtjus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 4x + y + 5 = 0
x y
vUr%[k.M :i (Intercept form):  = 1 ml ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k gS tks OX ,oa OY v{kksa ij Øe'k% a ,oa b
a b
yEckbZ ds vUr%[k.M cukrh gSA

mnkgj.k # 13 : ml js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks fcUnq (–3, 8) ls xqtjrh gS rFkk blds }kjk v{kksa ij dkVs x,
vUr[k.Mksa dk ;ksx 7 gSA
x y
gy % ekuk js[kk dk lehdj.k + = 1 gSA ....(i)
a b
3 8
;g fcUnq (–3, 8) ls xqtjrh gS] vr% – + =1 ....(ii)
a b
;g fn;k x;k gS fd a + b = 7
3 8
   b = 7 – a lehdj.k (ii) esa b = 7 – a j[kus ij – + =1
a 7a
   a2 + 4a – 21 = 0  a = 3, – 7
a = 3 ds fy, b = 4 rFkk a = –7 ds fy, b = 14
lehdj.k (i) esa a rFkk b ds eku j[kus ij js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k
x y x y
+ = 1 rFkk + = 1 ;k 4x + 3y = 12 rFkk 2x – y + 14 = 0
3 4 –7 14

vE;kl dk;Z %
(15) fcUnq (2, 3) ls xqtjus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, rkfd v{kksa ds e/; js[kk dk vUr%[k.M bl fcUnq
ij lef}Hkkftr gksA
Ans. 3x + 2y = 12.

yEc@vfHkyEc :i (Perpendicular/normal form): xcos + ysin = p

(tgk¡ p > 0, 0  < 2 ) ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k gS tcfd ewy fcUnq O ls js[kk ij yEc dh yEckbZ p gS rFkk ;g
yEc x-v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls  dks.k cukrk gSA
mnkgj.k # 14 : ml js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks ewy fcUnq ls 3 bdkbZ nwjh ij gS rFkk ewy fcUnq ls js[kk ij yEc
x-v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls 30º dk dks.k cukrk gSA
gy % ;gk¡ p = 3,  = 30º   vfHkyEc :i esa js[kk dh lehdj.k
3 y
x cos 30º + y sin 30º = 3 ;k x + = 3 ;k 3x+y=6
2 2

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 ljy js[kk
vH;kl dk;Z %
(16) ewy fcUnq ls fdlh js[kk ij Mkys x;s yEc dh yEckbZ 7 bdkbZ gS rFkk js[kk x–v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls
150º dk dks.k cukrh gSA js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 3 x – y + 14 = 0

O;kid :i (General form): js[kk dh O;kid :i esa lehdj.k ax + by + c = 0 gksrh gSA

a
bl fLFkfr esa js[kk dh izo.krk = –
b
c c
x - vUr[k.M = – , y - vUr[k.M= –
a b

mnkgj.k # 15 : js[kk 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 dh izo.krk] rFkk blds }kjk x ,oa y v{kksa ij dkVs x;s vUr[k.M Kkr dhft,A
a 2
gy % ;gk¡ a = 2, b = – 3, c = 5  izo.krk = – =
b 3
c 5 5
x-vUr%[k.M = – =– y-vUr%[k.M =
a 2 3
vE;kl dk;Z :
(17) js[kk 3x – 5y – 8 = 0 dh izo.krk] x-vUr%[k.M ,oa y-vUr[k.M Kkr dhft,A
3 8 8
Ans. , ,–
5 3 5
x  x1 y  y1
izkpfyd :i (Parametric form): P (r) = (x, y) = (x 1 + r cos , y1 + r sin ) ;k  = r js[kk dk
cos  sin 
izkpfyd :i esa lehdj.k gS] tcfd ‘r’ izkpy gS ftldk ;FkkFkZ eku js[kk ij fLFkr fcUnq (x1, y1) ls js[kk
ij fdlh fcUnq (x, y) dh nwjh ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
fVIi.kh% mijksDr :i dks ,d fcUnq <ky :i ls Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA y – y1 = m(x – x1) tcfd m = tan 
sin 
  y – y1 = (x – x1)
cos 

mnkgj.k # 16 : fcUnq A(1, 4) ls xqtjus okyh rFkk /kukRed x–v{k ls 45º dk dks.k cukus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr
dhft,A bl ljy js[kk }kjk fcUnq A (1, 4) ,oa ljy js[kk x + y – 10 = 0 ds e/; dkVs x;s vUr% [k.M dh
yEckbZ Hkh Kkr djksA
gy % A ls xqtjus okyh rFkk x–v{k ls 45º dk dks.k cukus okyh js[kk dh lehdj.k
x 1 y4 x 1 y4
= or = ;k x–y+3=0
cos 45º sin 45º 1 1
2 2
ekuk ;g js[kk] ljy js[kk x + y – 10 = 0 dks fcUnq P ij bl izdkj feyrh gS fd AP = r, rks P ds
funsZ'kkad
x 1 y4  r r 
= = r}kjk fn, tkrs gSAvr% fcUnq P ds funsZ'kkad  1  , 4  gSA
cos 45º sin 45º  2 2
r r
pwafd fcUnq P js[kk x + y – 10 = 0 ij fLFkr gS vr% 1 + +4+ = 10
2 2
5 5
 5 + 2 r = 10  r =  length AP = | r | = 
2 2
5
vr% vUr%[k.M dh yEckbZ = .
2

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 ljy js[kk
vE;kl dk;Z %
(18) ,d ljy js[kk tks fcUnq A  
3, 2 ls xqtjrh gS rFkk x-v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls /6 dks.k cukrh gSA

;fn ;g js[kk ,d vU; ljy js[kk 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 dks fcUnq B ij feyrh gS] rks A ,oa B ds e/; nwjh
Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 6 bdkbZ

izo.krkvksa ds :i esa nks js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.k

(Angle between two straight lines in terms of their slopes) :
;fn m1 ,oa m2 nks izfrPNsnh js[kkvksa dh izo.krk,¡ (m1 m2  1) gks rFkk  muds chp dk U;wudks.k gks] rks
m1  m2
tan  = .
1  m1 m2

uksV % (i) ekuk m1, m2, m3 Øe'k% rhu js[kkvksa L1 = 0;L2 = 0;L3 = 0 dh izo.krk,¡ gSA tgk¡ m1 > m2 > m3 gks] rks bu ljy
js[kkvksa }kjk cuk;s x;s f=kHkqt ABC ds vUr%dks.k fuEu izdkj fn;s tkrs gS&
m1  m2 m2  m3 m  m1
tan A = ; tan B = ,oa tan C = 3
1  m1 m2 1  m2 m3 1  m3 m1

(ii) fcUnq (x1, y1) ls xqtjus okyh rFkk ljy js[kk y = mx + c ls  dks.k cukus okyh js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k
(y  y1) = tan ( ) (x  x1) ,oa
(y  y1) = tan (+ ) (x  x1) gS tgk¡ tan = m.

mnkgj.k # 17 : nks js[kkvksa ds e/; U;wu dks.k /4 gS rFkk buesa ls ,d dh izo.krk –1/3 gSA nwljh js[kk dh izo.krk Kkr
dhft,A
m1  m2
gy : ;fn m1 ,oa m2 izo.krkvksa okyh js[kkvksa ds e/; U;wu dks.k  gks] rks tan  =
1  m1m2
ekuk  = ,oa m1 = –1/3
1
–  m2
 3 3m2  1 3m2  1
  tan = 1=  = 1 ;k – 1
4 1 3 – m2 3 – m2
1– m2
3
3m2  1
vc =1  
3 – m2
1 3m2  1
 m2 = and = – 1  m2 = –2.
2 3 – m2
 nwljh js[kk dh izo.krk ;k rks 1/2 ;k –2 gSA

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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 18 : fcUnq (3,–2) ls xqtjus okyh rFkk js[kk 3 x + y =1. ds lkFk 60º dk dks.k cukus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k
Kkr dhft,A
gy % nh xbZ js[kk 3 x + y =1.. ...........(1)
 lehdj.k (1) dh izo.krk = – 3 .
ekuk vHkh"V js[kk dh izo.krk m gSA bu nksuksa js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.k 60º gSA

tan 60º =
m  3    3=
m 3
 
m 3
=± 3
1 m  3  1– 3m 1– 3m

m 3
= 3  m+ 3= 3 – 3m   m=0
1– 3m
vHkh"V js[kk dk lehdj.k
y+2=0
m 3
=– 3  m= 3
1– 3m
  vHkh"V js[kk dh lehdj.k y +2 = 3 (x–3) gSA  y= 3 x – 2 –3 3

vH;kl dk;Z
(19) fdlh leckgq f=kHkqt dk 'kh"kZ (2, 3) gS rFkk lEeq[k Hkqtk dk lehdj.k x + y = 2 gSA f=kHkqt dh vU;
Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (2 – 3 )x – y + 2 3 – 1 = 0 rFkk (2 + 3 ) x – y – 2 3 – 1 = 0.

lekUrj js[kk,¡ (Parallel Lines) :

(i) tc nks js[kk,¡ lekUrj gksrh gS rks mudh izo.krk,¡ cjkcj gksrh gSA vr% y = mx + c ds lekUrj fdlh js[kk
dk lehdj.k y = mx + d :i esa gksrk gS] tgk¡ d izkPky gSA
a b c
(ii) nks js[kk,¡ ax + by + c = 0 ,oa ax + by + c = 0 lekUrj gksrh gS ;fn =  gksA
a b c 
vr% ax + by + c = 0 ds lekUrj dksbZ js[kk ax + by + k = 0 :i esa gksrh gSa] tgk¡ k izkPky gSA
(iii) nks lekUrj js[kkvksa ax + by + c1 = 0 ,oa
c1  c 2
ax + by + c2 = 0 ds e/; nwjh gksrh gSA
a2  b2

uksV : nksuksa lehdj.kksa esa x rFkk y ds xq.kkad leku gksus pkfg,A

p1 p2
(iv) fdlh Hkh lekUrj prqHkZqt dk {ks=kQy = ls fn;k tkrk gS] tgk¡ p1 ,oa p2 Øe'k% lekUrj Hkqtkvksa ds e/; nwfj;k¡
sin 
gS rFkk  fdUgh nks vklUu Hkqtkvksa ds e/; dks.k gSA
uksV % pkj ljy js[kkvksa y = m1x + c1, y = m1x + c2 ,oa
y = m2x + d1, y = m2x + d2 ls ifjc) lekUrj prqHkqZt
(c1  c 2 ) (d1  d2 )
dk {ks=kQy ds }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA
m1  m2
  

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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 19 : js[kk 3x – 7y = 8. ds lekUrj ml js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftldk y-vUr[k.M 5 bdkbZ gSA
gy % nh xbZ js[kk 3x – 7y = 8. ...........(1)
 (1) dh izo.krk 7/3 gSA
vHkh"V js[kk (1 ds lekUrj gS, vr% bldh izo.krk Hkh 7/3 gSA vHkh"V js[kk dky-vUr[k.M= 5
 y = mx + c :i ls] vHkh"V js[kk dk lehdj.k
3
y= x + 5 ;k 3x – 7y + 35 = 0 gSA
7

mnkgj.k # 20 : fdlh oxZ dh nks Hkqtk,¡ 5x – 12y + 6 = 0 rFkk 5x – 12y = 20 ij fLFkr gSA bldk {ks=kQy D;k gS \
gy : Li"Vr% oxZ dh Hkqtkvksa dh yEckbZ ] mldh lekUrj Hkqtkvksa ds e/; nwjh ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
5x – 12y + 6 = 0........(i) rFkk 5x – 12y = 20 ........(ii)
vc lekUrj js[kkvksa ds e/; nwjh
| 6  20 |
= =2, vr% oxZ dh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ 2 gS vkSj bldk {ks=kQy = 4
52  (–12)2

mnkgj.k # 21 : ml lekUrj prqHkqZt dk {ks=kQy Kkr dhft, ftldh Hkqtk,¡ x+2y+3=0, 3x + 4y– 5 = 0,
2x + 4y + 5 = 0 ,oa 3x + 4y – 10 = 0 gSA

gy %

3 5 10 5 1 3
;gk¡ c1 = – , c2 = , d1 = , d2 = , m1 = – , m2 = –
2 4 4 4 2 4
 3 5   10 5 
 2  4   4  4 
  {ks=kQy =     = 5 oxZ bdkbZ
 1 3 4
 2  4 
 

vH;kl dk;Z :
(20) ml lekUrj prqHkqZt dk {ks=kQy Kkr dhft, ftldh Hkqtk,¡
4x–5y+1=0, x–3y–6=0, 4x – 5y – 2 = 0 ,oa 2x – 6y + 5 = 0 gSA
51
Ans. oxZ bdkbZ
14

yEcor js[kk,¡ (Perpendicular Lines) :

(i) tc m1 ,oa m2 izo.kkrkvksa dh nks js[kk,¡ ledks.k ij gksrh gS] rc mudh izo.krkvksa dk xq.kuQy 1 gksrk gS
vFkkZr m1 m2 = vr% y = mx + c ds yEcor fdlh js[kk dk lehdj.k
1
y= x + d gksrk gS] tcfd d dksbZ izkpy gSA
m
(ii) nks js[kk,¡ ax+by+c = 0 ,oa ax+by+c= 0 ijLij yEcor gksrh gS ;fn aa+bb=0. vr%
ax + by + c = 0 ds yEcor fdlh js[kk dk lehdj.k bx  ay + k = 0 gksrk gS] tcfd k dksbZ izkpy gSA

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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 22 : ml ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks fcUnq (3, 4) ls xqtjrh gS rFkk js[kk
3x + 2y + 5 = 0 ds yEcor~ gSA
gy % js[kk 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 ds yEcor js[kk dk lehdj.k fuEu gS
2x – 3y +  = 0 ...........(i)
;g] fcUnq (3, 4) ls xqtjrh gSA
  3×2–3×4+=0=6
(i) esa = 6 j[kus ij
2x – 3y + 6 = 0 tks fd vHkh"V lehdj.k gSA
vU; fof/k %& nh xbZ js[kk dh izo.krk –3/2 gSA pw¡fd vHkh"V js[kk nh xbZ js[kk ds yEcor gSA
vr% vHkh"V js[kk dh izo.krk 2/3 gSA ;g fcUnq (3, 4) ls xqtjrh gSA vr% bldh lehdj.k
2
y – 4 = (x – 3) ;k 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 gSaA
3
vH;kl dk;Z :
(21) ,d f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ A(10, 4), B (–4, 9) ,oa C(–2, –1) gSaA blds 'kh"kksZ ls Hkqtkvksa ij Mkys x;s yEcksa dh
lehdj.ksa Kkr dhft,A bldk yEcdsUnz Hkh Kkr dhft,A
 9
Ans. x – 5y + 10 = 0, 12x + 5y + 3 = 0, 14x – 5y + 23 = 0,  1, 
 5
js[kk ax + by + c = 0 ds lkis{k fcUnq (x1, y1) dh fLFkfr :
(Position of the point (x1, y1) relative to the line ax + by + c = 0)
;fn ax1 + by1 + c dk fpUg c ds fpUg ds leku gks] rks fcUnq (x1, y1) js[kk ax + by + c = 0 ds lkis{k ml vksj
fLFkr gksrk gS ftl vksj ewy fcUnq fLFkr gksrk gSA ysfdu ;fn ax1 + by1 + c dk fpUg c ds fpUg ds foifjr gks] rks
fcUnq (x1, y1) js[kk ls ewy fcUnq ds nwljh rjQ gksxkA
O;kid :i esa nks fcUnq (x1, y1) vkSj (x2, y2) js[kk ax + by + c = 0 ds ,d gh vkSj fLFkr gksxsa ;fn
ax2 + by2 + c rFkk ax1 + by1 + c] leku fpUg ds gks rFkk ijLij js[kk ds foijhr vksj gksxsa ;fn ax2 + by2 + c rFkk
ax1 + by1 + c ijLij foifjr fpUg ds gksaA

mnkgj.k # 23 :iznf'kZr dhft, fd fcUnq (2, –1) ,oa (–3, 3) js[kk 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 ds foifjr vksj fLFkr gSA
gy % (2, –1) ij] 2x – 3y + 5 dk eku = 4 + 3 + 5 = 12 > 0
(–3, 3) ij] 2x – 3y + 5 dk eku = –6 – 9 + 5 = –10 < 0
 fcUnq (2, –1) ,oa (–3, 3) js[kk ds foifjr vksj fLFkr gSA
vE;kl dk;Z %
(22) fcUnq (3, – 4) vkSj (2, 6) ljy js[kk 3x – 4y = 8 ds ,d gh vksj fLFkr gSa ;k foijhr ?
(23) (1, 1), (–1, 2) ,oa (2, 3) esa ls dkSulk ,d js[kk 4x + 3y – 5 = 0 ds ml rjQ fLFkr gS ftl rjQ ewy
fcUnq fLFkr gS\
Ans. (22) foijhr vksj (23) (–1, 2)
fdlh fcUnq ls js[kk ij yEc dh yEckbZ (Length of perpendicular from a point to a line) :
a x1  b y1  c
fcUnq P(x1, y1) ls ljy ax + by + c = 0 ij yEc dh yEckbZ }kjk nh tkrh gSA
a2  b2

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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 24 : fcUnq (–2, 3) rFkk js[kk 4x – 3y + 8 = 0 ds e/; nwjh Kkr dhft,A
(–2)  4  3  3  8 9
gy : vHkh"V nwjh = =
4  ( 3)
2 2 5

mnkgj.k # 25 : js[kk x – y + 2 = 0 ij mu lHkh fcUnqvksa dks Kkr dhft, tks js[kk 12x – 5y + 9 = 0.ls bdkbZ nwjh ij
fLFkr gSA
gy /;ku jgs fd js[kk x – y + 2 = 0 ij fdlh LosfPNd fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad x = t (;k y = t) j[kdj Kkr fd, tk
ldrs gS rFkk fQj js[kk dh lehdj.k ls y ¼;k x½ Kkr djrs gS] tgk¡ t izkpy gSA js[kk dh nh xbZ lehdj.k
esa x = t j[kdj ge y = 2 + t Kkr djrs gS] vr% nh xbZ js[kk ij LosPN fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad P(t, 2 + t) gSA
ekuk P(t, 2 + t) vHkh"V fcUnq gSA rc P dh js[kk 12x – 5y + 9 = 0 ls nwjh bdkbZ gS vFkkZr~
12t – 5(t  2)  9
  =1  |7t – 1| = 13 
122  52
  7t – 1 = ± 13  t = 2 or t = –12/7
vr% vHkh"V fcUnq (2,4) ;k (–12/7,2/7) gksxsaA
vH;kl dk;Z %
(24) f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kksZ (–1, 1), (5, 2) ,oa (3, –1) ls lEeq[k Hkqtkvksa ij Mkys x;s yEcksa dh yEckbZ;k¡ Kkr dhft,A
16 8 16
Ans. , ,
13 5 37

yEcikn ds funsZ'kkad rFkk js[kk ds lkis{k fcUnq dk çfrfcEc

(Foot of perpendicular and image of a point about a line) :
x  x1 y  y1 ax1  by1  c
(i) fdlh fcUnq (x1, y1) ls js[kk ax + by + c = 0 ij yEc dk ikn   
a b a 2  b2
ls fn;k tkrk gSaA
x  x1 y  y1 ax  by  c
(ii) js[kk ax+by+ c = 0 ds lkis{k fcUnq (x1, y1) dk izfrfcEc    2 1 2 12
a b a b
ls fn;k tkrk gSaA
mnkgj.k # 26 : fcUnq P (2, –3) ls js[kk x – 2y + 5 = 0 ij Mkys x, yEc ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
gy % PM dh izo.krk = – 2
 PM dh lehdj.k
2x + y = 1 .........(i)
(2,–3)

x – 2y+5 = 0

lehdj.k (i) ,oa x – 2y + 5 = 0 dks gy djus ij M ds funsZ'kkad (–3/5, 11/5) izkIr gksrs gSA
x–2 y3 265 x–2 y3 13
vU; fof/k% ;gk¡ = =–  = =–  x = –3/5 , y = 11/5
1 2 1 4 1 2 5
mnkgj.k # 27 : js[kk niZ.k 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 esa fcUnq P(–1, 2) dk izfrfcEc Kkr dhft,A
gy % ekuk P dk izfrfcEc Q gS

  PM = MQ ,oa PQ  AB
ekuk Q ds funsZ'kkad (h, k) gSA
 h 1 k  2 
  M ds funsZ'kkad  , gSaA
 2 2 
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 ljy js[kk
;g js[kk 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 ij fLFkr gSA
 h  1 k 2
  2   –3  2  + 4 = 0.
 2   
;k 2h – 3k = 0 ...........(i)
k2
PQ dh izo.krk =
h 1
PQ  AB
k2 2
 × = – 1.  3h + 2k – 1 = 0. ........(ii)
h 1 3
3 2
lehdj.k (i) ,oa (ii) dks gy djus ij h = ,k=
13 13
 3 2 
 P(– 1, 2) dk izfrfcEc Q  ,  gSA
 13 13 
vU; fof/k % fcUnq P (– 1, 2) dk js[kk 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 ds lkis{k izfrfcEc gsrq
x 1 y2 [2( 1)  3(2)  4]
= =–2
2 3 22  ( 3)2
x 1 y  2 8 3
= =  13x + 13 = 16 x =
2 3 13 13

izfrfcEc 
2 3 2 
& 13y – 26 = – 24  y=  ,
13  13 13 
vH;kl dk;Z %
(25) fcUnq (– 2, – 3) ls js[kk 3x – 2y – 1 = 0 ij Mkys x, yEc ds ikn ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
(26) fcUnq (1, 2) dk y-v{k ds lkis{k izfrfcEc Kkr dhft,A
 23 41 
Ans. (25)  13 , 13  (26) (– 1, 2)
 
dsUnzd] vUr%dsUnz ,oa cfg"dsUnz % (Centroid, Incentre & Excentre)
;fn A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2) ,oa C(x3, y3) f=kHkqt ABC ds 'kh"kZ gS ftldh Hkqtkvksa BC, CA, AB dh yEckbZ;k¡ Øe'k%
a, b, c gS] rks f=kHkqt ABC ls lEcfU/kr dqN fo'ks"k fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad fuEu izdkj gksaxs &
 x1  x2  x3 y  y 2  y3 
dsUnzd G   , 1 
 3 3 
 ax1  bx2  cx3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
vUr%dsUnz I   , 
 a  b  c a  b  c 
  ax1  bx2  cx3  ay1  by2  cy3 
cfg"dsUnz ('kh"kZ A ds lkis{k) I1   , 
  a  b  c  a  b  c 
vkSj blh izdkj ls 'kh"kZ B ,oa C ds lkis{k Hkh ifjdsUnz ds funsZ'kkad fy[ks tk ldrs gSA
uksV % (i) vUr%dsUnz] dks.k v)Zdksa dks (b + c) : a; (c + a) : b ,oa (a + b) : c vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gSA
(ii) vUr%dsUnz ,oa cfg"dsUnzz ftl dks.k v)Zd ij fLFkr gS] mlds lkis{k ,d nwljs ds gjkRed la;qXeh gksrs gSaA
(iii) yEcdsUnz] dsUnzd ,oa ifjdsUnz lnSo lajs[kh; gksrs gS rFkk yEcdsUnz ,oa ifjdsUnz dks feykus okyh js[kk dks
dsUnzd 2 : 1 vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gSA
(iv) lef}ckgq f=kHkqt esa G, O,  ,oa C ,d gh js[kk ij fLFkr gksrs gS rFkk leckgq f=kHkqt esa ;s lHkh pkjksa fcUnq
laikrh gksrs gSA
(v) ,d ledks.k f=kHkqt esa yEcdsUnz ledks.kh; 'kh"kZ ij gksrk gS rFkk ifjdsUnz d.kZ dk e/; fcUnq gksrk gSA
(vi) vf/kd dks.k f=kHkqt dh fLFkfr esa ifjdsUnz rFkk yEcdsUnz nksuksa f=kHkqt ds ckgj fLFkr gksrs gSaA

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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 28 : f=kHkqt ds (i) dsUnzd (ii) vUr%dsUnz ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, ftlds 'kh"kZ (0, 0), (5, 0) ,oa (0, 12) gSA
gy % (i) ge tkurs gS fd f=kHkqt ds dsUnzd ds funsZ'kkad ftlds dks.kh; fcUnq
 x  x2  x3 y1  y2  y3 
(x1, y1), (x2, y2) ,oa (x3, y3) gSa]  1 ,  }kjk fn;s tkrs gSA
 3 3 
vr% f=kHkqt ds dsUnzd ds funsZ'kkad ftlds 'kh"kZ (0, 0), (5, 0) ,oa (0, 12) gS]

 0  5  0 0  0  12   5 
 ,  ;k  3 ,4  gksxsa
 3 3   

(ii) ekuk A (0, 0), B (5, 0) ,oa C(0, 12) f=kHkqt ABC ds 'kh"kZ gSA
rc c = AB = 5, b = CA = 12
,oa a = BC = 13.
 ax1  bx2  cx3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
vUr%dsUnz ds funsZ'kkad  ,  }kjk fn;s tkrs gSA
 abc abc 
         
vr%  
13 0 12 5 5 0 13 0 12 0 5 12
5  12  13
,
5  12  13  ;k (2, 2)
 

vE;kl dk;Z %
(27) f=kHkqt ds nks 'kh"kZ (3, –5) ,oa (–7, 4) gS] ;fn dsUnzd (2, –1) gS] rks rhljk 'kh"kZ Kkr dhft,A
(28) f=kHkqt ds vUnj cuk;s x, ,d o`Ùk ds dsUnz ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, ftlds 'kh"kZ
(–36, 7), (20, 7) ,oa (0, –8) gSA
Ans. (27) (10, – 2) (28) (–1, 0)

nks js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.kksa ds v/kZd (Bisectors of the angles between two lines) :
nks js[kkvksa ax + by + c = 0 rFkk ax + by + c= 0 (ab ab) ds e/; dks.kksa ds lef}Hkktdksa dh lehdj.kasa
ax  by  c a x  b y  c 
=± gksrh gSA
a2  b2 a2  b2

uksV : js[kkvksa a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ,oa a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ls leku dks.k ij >qdh gqbZ rFkk fcUnq P(x1, y1) ls xqtjus okyh
js[kkvksa dh lehdj.k ogh gksrh gS tks mu nksuksa js[kkvksa ds e/; lef}Hkktdksa ds lekUrj rFkk fcUnq P ls xqtjus okyh
js[kkvksa dh gksrh gSA
mnkgj.k # 29 : nks js[kkvksa 3x + y + 1 = 0 rFkk x + 3y + 1 = 0 ds e/; dks.kksa ds v/kZdksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
gy % js[kkvksa 3x + y + 1 = 0 ,oa x + 3y + 1 = 0 ds e/; dks.kksa ds v/kZdksa dh lehdj.k fuEu gksrh gS
3x  y  1 x  3y  1
=±
3 12 2
12  32
;k 3x + y + 1 = ± (x + 3y + 1)
/kukRed fpUg ysus ij ,d v/kZd x = y
rFkk _.kkRed fpUg ysus ij ,d v/kZd 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 izkIr gksxkA

vH;kl dk;Z %
(29) js[kk ;qXe 3x + 4y + 13 = 0 rFkk 12x – 5y + 32 = 0 ds e/; dks.kksa ds v)Zdksa dh lehdj.ksa Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 21x – 77y – 9 = 0 ,oa 99x + 27y + 329 = 0

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 ljy js[kk
U;wudks.k v/kZd ,oa vf/kd&dks.k v/kZd esa foHksn djus dh fof/k;k¡ :
(Methods to discriminate between the acute angle bisector & the obtuse angle bisector)
(i) ;fn nks js[kkvksa esa ls dksbZ ,d js[kk rFkk ,d v/kZd ds e/; dk dks.k  gks] rks tan dk eku Kkr djrs gSA
;fn tan  < 1 gks] rks 2  < 90° vr% ;g v/kZd U;wu dks.k v/kZd gksrk gSA
;fn tan > 1 gks] rks ;g v/kZd vf/kd dks.k v/kZd gksrk gSA
(ii) ekuk nh xbZ js[kk,¡ L1 = 0 ,oa L2 = 0 gS rFkk u1 = 0 ,oa u2 = 0 js[kk L1 = 0 ,oa L2 = 0 ds e/; dks.kksa ds
v/kZd gSA fdlh ,d js[kk L1 = 0 ;k L2 = 0 ij fcUnq P ysdj u1 = 0 ;k
u2 = 0 ij yEc Mkyrs gSA ;fn&
  p < q  u1 U;wu dks.k v/kZd gSA
  p > q  u1 vf/kd dks.k v/kZd gSA
  p = q  js[kk,¡ L1 ,oa L2 ijLij yEcor~ gSA

ax + by + c a x + b  y + c 
(iii) ;fn aa + bb < 0 gks] rks U;wudks.k v/kZd dh lehdj.k =+ gksrh gSA ijUrq
a b
2 2
a2  b2
ax + by + c a x + b  y + c 
;fn aa+ bb > 0 gks] rks vf/kd dks.k v/kZd dh lehdj.k = +
a b
2 2
a2  b2
gksrh gSA

mnkgj.k # 30 : js[kkvksa 2x – y + 1 = 0 ,oa x – 2y – 2 = 0 ds fy, fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k Kkr dhft,&

(i) buds e/; vf/kd dks.k dk v/kZd
(ii) buds e/; U;wu dks.k dk v/kZd
gy : 2x – y + 1 = 0 ........(1)
,oa x – 2y – 2 = 0 ........(2)
;gk¡ a1 = 2, a2 = 1, b1 = –1, b2 = –2
vc a1a2 + b1b2 = 4 > 0
2x – y  1 x – 2y – 2
  js[kkvksa (1) ,oa (2) ds e/; vf/kd dks.k ds v)Zd dh lehdj.k = gksxhA
2  (–1)
2 2
12  (–2)2
;k x+y+3=0
rFkk U;wu dks.k ds v)Zd dh lehdj.k fuEu gks xh
2x – y  1 x – 2y – 2
=–
2  (–1)
2 2
12  (–2)2
;k 3x – 3y = 1
vH;kl dk;Z %
(30) js[kkvksa x + y – 3 = 0 ,oa 7x – y + 5 = 0 ds e/; dks.k ds v)Zdksa dh lehdj.k Kkr dhft, rFkk crkb,
fd buesa ls dkSu js[kkvksa ds e/; U;wu dks.k dks lef)Hkkftr djrk gSA

Ans. x – 3y + 10 = 0 (vf/kd dks.k v)Zd); 6x + 2y – 5 = 0 (U;wu dks.k v)Zd)

rhu ljy js[kkvksa ds laxkeh gksus dk izfrcU/k (Condition of Concurrency) :

a1 b1 c1
rhu js[kk,¡ a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ,oa a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 laxkeh gksrh gS ;fn a2 b2 c 2 = 0 gks
a3 b3 c3

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 ljy js[kk
oSdfYid fof/k : ;fn rhu vpj A, B ,oa C (lHkh 'kwU; ugha gS) bl izdkj Kkr fd, tk ldrs gS fd
A(a1x + b1y + c1) + B(a2x + b2y + c2) + C(a3x + b3y + c3)  0 gks] rks rhuksa js[kk,¡ laxkeh gksrh gSA

mnkgj.k # 31 : fl) dhft, fd js[kk,¡ x + 2y = 9, 3x + 5y = 5 ,oa ax – by = 1 laxkeh gksrh gSA

gy % nh xbZ js[kk,¡
x + 2y = 9 ........(1)
3x + 5y = 5 ........(2)
,oa ax – by = 1 ........(3)
js[kk,sa laxkeh gksxh ;fn  = 0
1 2 9
  = 3 5 –5 = 0  35a + 22b = –1
a b –1

vH;kl dk;Z %
(31) m dk eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, js[kk,¡ 4x – 3y + 2 = 0, 3x + 4y – 4 = 0 ,oa
x + my + 6 = 0 laxkehgSaA
Ans. –7
js[kk fudk; (Family Of Straight Lines)
js[kk,¡ L1  a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ,oa L2  a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh ljy js[kkvksa ds fudk;
dk lehdj.k L1 + k L2 = 0 gksrk gS] vFkkZr
(a1x + b1y + c1) + k(a2x + b2y + c2) = 0, tgk¡ k LosPN okLrfod la[;k gSA

uksV : (i) ;fn u1 = ax + by + c, u2 = ax + by + d, u3 = ax + by + c

u4 = ax + by + d gks] rks
u1 = 0;u2 = 0; u3 = 0 ; u4 = 0 ,d lekUrj prqHkqZt dk fuekZ.k djrs gSA
fod.kZ BD dk lehdj.k u2u3 – u1u4 = 0 gksrk gSA

(ii) fod.kZ AC dk lehdj.k u1 + u4 = 0 rFkk

u2 + u3 = 0 gksrk gS] ;fn  rFkk ds dqN okLrfod ekuksa ds fy, nksuksa lehdj.ksa ,d leku gksA
[ ,oa ds eku Kkr djus ds fy, x, y ds xq.kkadksa ,oa vpj inksa dh rqyuk djrs gSA].

mnkgj.k # 32 : ;fn 3a + 2b + 5c = 0 rFkk js[kk fudk; ax + by + c = 0 ,d fLFkj fcUnq ls xqtjrh gS rks fLFkj fcUnq ds
funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, A
gy % 3a + 2b + 5c = 0 ....... (i)
ax + by + c = 0 ....... (ii)
c, dks foyqIr djus ij] ges izkIr gksrk gS
1  3  2  3 b  2
ax + by – (3a + 2b) = 0  a  x –  + b  y –  = 0   x –  +  y –  = 0
5  5   5   5  a  5 
;g L1 + L2 = 0 ds :i dk gS
3 2
tks fd L1 = 0 rFkk L2 = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq  ,  ls xqtjrh gS (a rFkk b ds lHkh okLrfod ekuksa ds fy,)
5 5
3 2
Aliter : 3a + 2b + 5c = 0  a + b + c = 0
5 5
3 2 3 2
 5 , 5  js[kk ax + by + c = 0 ij fLFkr gS vr% fLFkj  5 , 5  fcUnq gS
   
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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 33 : js[kkvksa 3x + 7y = 17 ,oa x + 2y = 5 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh rFkk ljy js[kk 3x + 4y = 10
ds yEcor~ js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, &
gy : nh xbZ js[kkvksa ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls xqtjus okys js[kk fudk; dk lehdj.k fuEu izdkj gS&
(x + 2y – 5) +  (3x + 7y – 17) = 0
;k x (3  + 1) + y (7 + 2) – 17 – 5 = 0 .......(i)
;g ljy js[kk 3x + 4y = 10 ds yEcor~ gS
 3  1   3  11
 –   –  = –1   = –
 7  2   4  37
 dk ;g eku lehdj.k (i) esa j[kus ij
4x – 3y + 2 = 0

vH;kl dk;Z :
(32) js[kkvksa x – 3y + 1 = 0 ,oa 2x + 5y – 9 = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh mu ljy js[kkvksa dh
lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftudh ewy fcUnq ls nwjh 5 gSaA
Ans. 2x + y – 5 = 0

ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okys js[kk ;qXe dk lehdj.k

(A Pair of straight lines through origin) :
(i) nks ?kkr dk le?kkr lehdj.k ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 lnSo ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okys js[kk ;qXe dks iznf'kZr
djrk gS ;fn :
(a) h² > ab  js[kk,¡ okLrfod rFkk fHkUu gksxhA
(b) h² = ab  js[kk,¡ laikrh gksxhA
(c) h² < ab  js[kk,¡ dkYifud gS ftudk izfrPNsn fcUnq okLrfod gksxk vFkkZr~ (0, 0)

(ii) ;fn lehdj.k ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 }kjk fu:fir nks js[kk,aa y = m1x ,oa y = m2x gks] rks
2h a
m1 + m 2 =  ,oa m1 m2 = .
b b
2 h2  ab
(iii) ;fn ljy js[kk ;qXe ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 ds e/; U;wu dks.k  gks] rks tan = .
a  b

(iv) js[kkvksa ds fy, izfrcU/k :

(a) nksuksa ,d nwljs ls ledks.k ij gksxh ;fn a + b = 0. vFkkZr~ x2 dk xq.kkad + y² dk xq.kkad = 0
(b) js[kk,¡ laikrh gksxh ;fn h² = ab .
(c) x v{k ls leku dks.k ij >qdh gksxh ;fn h = 0 vFkkZr~ xy dk xq.kkad = 0

uksV : ,d n ?kkr dk le?kkr lehdj.k ewy fcUnq ls tkus okyh n ljy js[kkvksa dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA

(v) nks ljy js[kkvksa ax² + 2hxy + by² = 0 ds e/; dks.k dks lef}Hkkftr djus okys js[kk ;qXe dk lehdj.k
x2  y2 xy
= gSA
ab h

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 ljy js[kk
mnkgj.k # 34 : iznf'kZr dhft, fd lehdj.k 18x2 – 9xy + y2 = 0 fHkUu&fHkUu ljy js[kkvksa ds ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS
rFkk izR;sd js[kk ewy fcUnq ls xqtjrh gSA bu js[kkvksa dh vyx&vyx lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
gy : nh xbZ lehdj.k nks ?kkr dh le?kkr lehdj.k gSA vr% ;g ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh js[kkvksa ds ;qXe dks
iznf'kZr djrk gSA nh xbZ lehdj.k dh ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 ls rqyuk djus ij a = 18, b = 1 vkSj
2h = – 9.
81 9
  h2 – ab = – 18 = > 0  h2 > ab
4 4
vr% nh xbZ lehdj.k ewy fcUnq ls tkus okyh fHkUu js[kk ;qXe iznf'kZr djrk gSA
2
vc, 18x2 – 9xy + y2 = 0   – 9   + 18 = 0
y y
x   x  
y  y  y y
   6    3  = 0  – 6 = 0 or – 3 = 0  y – 6x = 0 or y – 3x = 0
x  x  x x

vr% nh xbZ lehdj.k ewy fcUnq ls tkus okyh nks fHkUu&fHkUu js[kkvksa ds js[kk ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA
y – 3x = 0 ,oa y – 6x = 0

mnkgj.k # 35 : ewy fcUnq ls tkus okys js[kk ;qXe dh lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks lehdj.k
6x2 – xy – 12y2 = 0 ls fu:fir js[kkvksa ds yEcor~ gSA
gy : 6x2 – xy – 12y2 = 0.
  6x2 – 9xy + 8xy – 12y2 = 0  (3x + 4y)(2x – 3y) = 0
 3x + 4y = 0 & 2x – 3y = 0
vr% nh xbZ lehdj.k js[kkvksa 3x + 4y = 0 ,oa 2x – 3y = 0 dks iznf'kZr djrh gSA
vr% ewy fcUnq ls tkus okyh rFkk nh xbZ js[kkvksa ds yEcor~ js[kk,¡
4x – 3y = 0 rFkk 3x + 2y = 0
 budk la;qDr lehdj.k 12x2 – xy – 6y2 = 0 = 0

mnkgj.k # 36 : js[kk ;qXe x2 – 3xy + 2y2 = 0 ds e/; dks.k Kkr dhft,A

gy : nh xbZ lehdj.k x2 – 3xy + 2y2 = 0
;gk¡ a = x2 dk xq.kkad = 1, b = y2 dk xq.kkad = 2
3
2h = xy dk xq.kkad = –3  h = –
2
9
2 h2  ab 2 2 1
vc tan  = = 4 =
ab 1 2 3

tgk¡  js[kkvksa ds e/; U;wu dks.k gSA

js[kkvksa ds e/; U;wu dks.k tan–1   ,oa buds e/; vf/kd dks.k  – tan–1   gSA
1 1

3 3

mnkgj.k # 37 : js[kkvksa 3x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0 ds e/; dks.k ds v)Zdksa dh lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
gy : nh xbZ lehdj.k 3x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0 .......(1)
bldh rqyuk lehdj.k ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 ls djus ij .......(2)
a = 3, 2h = –5; ,oa b = 4
x2  y2 xy
vc js[kk ;qXe (1) ds e/; dks.k ds v)Zdksa dh lehdj.k = gSA
ab h
x2  y2 xy x 2  y 2 2xy
;k = ; ;k = ;k 5x2 – 2xy – 5y2 = 0
34 5 1 5

2

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 ljy js[kk
vH;kl dk;Z :
(33) js[kkvksa y2 – 9xy + 18x2 = 0 ,oa y = 9 ls cus f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy Kkr dhft,A
(34) ;fn js[kk ;qXe x2 – 2pxy – y2 = 0 ,oa x2 – 2qxy – y2 = 0 bl izdkj gS fd izR;sd ;qXe vU; ;qXe ds e/;
dks.k dks lef}Hkkftr djrk gS] rks fl) dhft, fd pq = –1.
27
Ans. (33) oxZ bdkbZA
4

ljy js[kk ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djus okyk O;kid f}?kkr lehdj.k :
(General equation of second degree representing a pair of Straight lines) :
(i) ax² + 2hxy + by² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ,d js[kk ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ;fn :
a h g
abc + 2fgh  af²  bg²  ch² = 0 vFkkZr~ ;fn h b f = 0. bl izdkj lehdj.k
g f c

(ii) O;kid lehdj.k }kjk iznf'kZr nks ljy js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.k  ogh gksrk gS tks mlds le?kkr Hkkx }kjk
iznf'kZr nks ljy js[kkvksa ds e/; gksrk gSA

mnkgj.k # 38 : fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k 6x2 + 13xy + 6y2 + 8x + 7y + 2 = 0 ,d js[kk ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA buds
izfrPNsn fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
gy : nh xbZ lehdj.k 6x2 + 13xy + 6y2 + 8x + 7y + 2 = 0 .......(1)
lehdj.k (1) dks x esa f}?kkr lehdj.k fy[kus ij 6x + (13y + 8) x + 6y2 + 7y + 2 = 0
2

(13y  8)  (13y  8)2  4.6(6y 2  7y  2)

 x=
12
(13y  8)  169y2  208y  64  144y 2  168y  48
=
12
(13y  8)  25y  40y  16
2
(13y  8)  (5y  4)
= =
12 12
 12x = –13y – 8 + 5y + 4 ;k 12x = –13y – 8 – 5y – 4
  3x + 2y + 1 = 0 ;k 2x + 3y + 2 = 0
vr% lehdj.k (1) js[kkvksa ds ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftudh lehdj.k
3x + 2y + 1 = 0 .....(1)
,oa 2x + 3y + 2 = 0......(2)
1 4
bu nks lehdj.kksa dks gy djus ij vHkh"V izfrPNsn fcUnq    gSA
5 5
vH;kl dk;Z :

(35) lehdj.k x2 – 5xy + 4y2 + x + 2y – 2 = 0 }kjk fu:fir js[kkvksa ds lekUrj ,oa fcUnq (1,1) ls xqtjus
okyh ljy js[kkvksa dh la;qDr lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ,oa buds e/; dks.k Hkh Kkr dhft,A
3
Ans. x2 – 5xy + 4y2 + 3x – 3y = 0, tan–1  
5

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 ljy js[kk
le?kkrh;dj.k (Homogenization) :
f}?kkr oØ S  ax² + 2hxy + by² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ,oa ljy js[kk L  x + my + n = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa
dks ewy fcUnq ls feykus okys ljy js[kk ;qXe dk lehdj.k
2
 x  my   x  my   x  my 
ax² + 2hxy + by² + 2gx    2fy    c   = 0 gksrk gSA
 n   n   n 

oØ ds lehdj.k dks ljy js[kk ds lehdj.k dh lgk;rk ls le?kkr cukdj lehdj.k Kkr djrs gSA

uksV: nks oØksa C1 = 0 ,oa C2 = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ls xqtjus okys fdlh oØ dh lehdj.k  C1 +  C2 = 0 gksrh gS]
tgk¡  ,oa  izkpy gSA

mnkgj.k # 39 : oØ 2x2 – 3y2 + 4x – 2y = 0 dh lHkh thok,sa tks fd ewy fcUnq ij ledks.k cukrh gS] ,d fLFkj fcUnq ls
xqtjrh gS rks fLFkj fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk oØ dh thok dk lehdj.k Ax + By = 1 gSA
rFkk fn;s x;s oØ dk lehdj.k 2x2 – 3y2 + 4x – 2y = 0 gSA
oØ ds lehdj.k 2x2 – 3y2 + 4x – 2y = 0 dks thok Ax + By = 1 dh enn ls x, y esa le?kkrh;dj.k djus ij
2x2 – 3y2 + 4x (Ax + By) – 2y(Ax + By) = 0
x2(2 + 4A) + y2 (–3 – 2B) + xy (4B – 2A) = 0 ...(i)
lehdj.k (i) ls fu:fir ljy js[kk,sa ijLij yEcor~ gSA vr%
x2 dk xq.kkad + y2 dkxq.kkad = 0

 2 + 4A + (–3 – 2B) = 0
4A – 2B = 1
thok Ax + By = 1 x = 4 y=–2  fLFkj fcUnq (4, – 2)

vH;kl dk;Z :

(36) ljy js[kk 3x + 4y – 5 = 0 ,oa oØ 2x2 + 3y2 = 5 ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa dks ewy fcUnq ls feykus okyh ljy
js[kkvksa dk la;qDr lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
(37) ljy js[kk lx + my + n = 0 ,oa oØ y2 = 4ax ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa dks ewy fcUnq ls feykus okyh ljy
js[kkvksa dk la;qDr lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A buds yEcor~ gksus dk izfrcU/k Kkr dhft,A

Ans. (36) x2 – y2 – 24xy = 0 (37) 4alx2 + 4amxy + ny2 = 0; 4al + n = 0

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 Straight Line

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A): Distance formula, section formula, Area of Triangle & polygon,
Collinearity, slope
[k.M (A): nqjh lw=k] foHkktu lw=k] f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy] cgqin] lajs[kh;rk] izo.krk
A-1.(i) Prove that the points (2a, 4a), (2a, 6a) and (2a + 3a , 5a) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle
whose side is 2a.
fl) dhft, fd fcUnq (2a, 4a), (2a, 6a) ,oa (2a + 3a , 5a) ,d leckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ gS ftldh Hkqtk 2a gSA
(ii) Find the points which trisect the line segment joining the points (0, 0) and (9, 12).
fcUnqvksa (0, 0) ,oa (9, 12) dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks lef=kHkkftr djus okys fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad gSa &
Ans. (ii) (3, 4) (6, 8)

1 
A-2. (i) In what ratio does the point  , 6  divide the line segment joining the points (3, 5) and (– 7, 9) ?
2 

fcUnqvksa (3,5) ,oa (–7,9) dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks fcUnq  , 6  fdl vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrk gSa ?
1
2 
(ii) In which ratio P(2a – 2, 4a – 6)) divides Q (2a – 3, 3a – 7) and R(2a, 6a – 4).
fcUnqvksa Q (2a – 3, 3a – 7) vkSj R(2a, 6a – 4) dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks fcUnq P(2a – 2, 4a – 6) fdl vuqikr
esa foHkkftr djrk gSa ?
Ans. (i) 1:3 internally vkUrfjd (ii) 1:2

A-3. (i) Find the value of  such that points P(1, 2), Q(– 2, 3) and R( + 1, ) are not forming a triangle ?

 dk eku Kkr dhft, tc fd fcUnq P(1, 2), Q(– 2, 3) rFkk R( + 1, ) ,d f=kHkqt ugha cukrh gS ?
(ii) Find the ratio in which the line segment joining of the points (1, 2) and (– 2, 3) is divided by the
line 3x + 4y = 7
(1, 2) rFkk (– 2, 3) dks feykus okys js[kk [k.M dks ljy js[kk 3x + 4y = 7 ftl vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrh
gS] og vuqikr Kkr dhft;sA
(iii) Find the harmonic conjugate of the point R (5, 1) with respect to points P (2, 10) and Q (6, – 2).
fcanqvksa P (2, 10) rFkk Q (6, –2) ds lkis{k fcanq R(5, 1) dk gjkRed la;qXeh Kkr dhft;sA
3
Ans. (i) (ii) 4 : 1 internally ¼var% foHkktu½ (iii) (8, – 8).
2

A-4.  A and B are the points (3, 4) and (5, – 2) respectively. Find the co-ordinates of a point P such that PA =
PB and the area of the triangle PAB = 10.
fcUnq A ,oa B Øe'k% (3, 4) ,oa (5, – 2) gSA fcUnq P ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, tcfd PA = PB ,oa f=kHkqt PAB dk
{ks=kQy 10 oxZ bdkbZ gSA
Ans. (7, 2) or ;k (1, 0)

A-5. Find the area of the quadrilateral with vertices as the points given in each of the following :

fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kks± okys prqHkqZtksa dk {ks=kQy Kkr dhft, :

(i) (0, 0), (4, 3), (6, 0), (0, 3) (ii) (0, 0), (a, 0), (a, b), (0, b)
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 Straight Line

Ans. (i) 15 oxZ bdkbZ (ii) |ab| oxZ bdkbZ

Section (B) : Different forms of straight lines and Angle between lines
[k.M (B) % f=kHkqt vkSj cgqHkqt dk {ks=kQy] ljy js[kkvksa ds fofHkUu :i vkSj js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.k

B-1. Reduce x + 3 y + 4 = 0 to the :

(i) Slope intercepts form and find its slope and y-intercept.
(ii) Intercepts form and find its intercepts on the axes.
(iii) Normal form and find values of P and  .
js[kk x + 3 y + 4 = 0 dks
(i) izo.krk&var%[k.M :i esa ifjofrZr djks rFkk bldh izo.krk o y-var%[k.M Kkr dhft,A
(ii) var%[k.M :i esa ifjofrZr djks rFkk blds v{kksa ij var%[k.M Hkh Kkr dhft,A
(iii) vfHkyEc :i esa ifjofrZr djks rFkk blds fy;s P o ds eku Kkr dhft,A
1 4 1 4
Ans. (i) y=– x– , slope <ky = – , y-intercept var%[k.M = –
3 3 3 3
x y 4
(ii)   1, x-intercept var%[k.M = – 4, y-intercept var%[k.M = –
4 4 / 3 3
(iii) x cos 240º + y sin 240º = 2, P = 2,  = 240º

B-2. Find number of straight line passing through (2, 4) and forming a triangle of 16 sq. cm with the
coordinate axis.

ljy js[kkvksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, tks (2, 4) ls xqtjrh gS rFkk funsZ'kkad v{kksa ds lkFk 16 oxZ lseh dk f=kHkqt
cukrh gSA
Ans. 3

B-3. Find the equation of the straight line that passes through the point A(– 5, – 4) and is such that the
portion intercepted between the axes is divided by the point A in the ratio 1 : 2 (internally).
fcUnq A (– 5, – 4) ls xqtjus okyh rFkk bl fcUnq A ij v{kksa ds e/; 1 : 2 (vkUrfjd) esa foHkkftr djus okyh ljy
js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 8x + 5y + 60 = 0, 2x + 5y + 30 = 0

B-4. The co-ordinates of the mid-points of the sides of a triangle are (2, 1), (5, 3) and (3, 7). Find the length
and equation of its sides.
f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ds e/; fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad (2, 1), (5, 3) ,oa (3, 7) gSaA bldh Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k rFkk yEckbZ;k¡
Kkr dhft,A
Ans. Equations are 2x – 3y + 15 = 0, 2x + y – 5 = 0 , 6x – y – 27 = 0

Length of sides are 2 13 , 4 5 , 2 37

B-5. Find the straight line cutting an intercept of one unit on negative x-axis and inclined at 45° (in
anticlockwise direction) with positive direction of x-axis
ml ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks _.kkRed x-v{k ij ,d bdkbZ dk vUr[k.M dkVrh gS rFkk x-v{k dh
/kukRed fn'kk ls 45° dk okekorZ fn'kk esa dks.k cukrh gS
Ans. x–y+1=0

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 Straight Line

11
B-6. Through the point P(4, 1) a line is drawn to meet the line 3x – y = 0 at Q where PQ = . Determine
2 2
the equation of line.
fcUnq P(4, 1) ls ,d js[kk bl izdkj [khaph tkrh gS fd ;g js[kk 3x – y = 0 dks fcUnq Q ij feyrh gS tgk¡ PQ =
11
. bl js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr djksA
2 2
Ans. x + y = 5, x – 7y + 3 = 0

B-7. A line having slope '1' is drawn from a point A(–3, 0) cuts a curve y = x2 + x + 1 at P & Q. Find (AP)
(AQ).

,d ljy js[kk ftldh izo.krk '1' gS] fcUnq A(–3, 0) ls [khpha tkrh gS tks oØ y = x2 + x + 1 dks P rFkk Q ij
dkVrh gSA (AP) (AQ). dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 14

B-8. Find the direction in which a straight line must be drawn through the point (1, 2), so that its point of
6
intersection with the line x + y = 4 may be at a distance from this point.
3
fcUnq (1, 2) ls xqtjrs gq, ,d ljy js[kk fdl fn'kk esa [khaph tk, dh ljy js[kk x + y = 4 ds lkFk blds izfrPNsn
6
fcUnq dh fcUnq (1, 2) ls nwjh jgsA
3
Ans. /12, 5/12

B-9. Through the point (3, 4) are drawn two straight lines each inclined at 45° to the straight line
x – y = 2. Find their equations and also find the area of triangle bounded by the three lines.
js[kk x – y = 2 ij 45° ij >qdh gqbZ rFkk fcUnq (3, 4) ls xqtjus okyh nks js[kk,sa [khaph tkrh gS] bu js[kkvksa ds
lehdj.k Kkr dhft;sA rhuksa js[kkvksa ls ifjc) f=kHkqt dk {kS=kQy Kkr djksA
Ans. x = 3, y = 4, 9/2 sq. units oxZ bdkbZ

B-10. Find the equation of a straight lines which passes through the point (2, 1) and makes an angle of /4
with the straight line 2x + 3y + 4 = 0
ml js[kk dk lehdj.k tksfd fcUnq (2, 1) ls xqtjrh gS rFkk js[kk 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 ls /4 dk dks.k cukrh gSa] gS&

Ans. x – 5y + 3 = 0, 5x + y – 11 = 0

B-11. From (1, 4) you travel 5 2 units by making 135° angle with positive x-axis (anticlockwise) and then 4
units by making 120° angle with positive x-axis (clockwise) to reach Q. Find co-ordinates of point Q.
vki (1, 4) ls /kukRed x-v{k ds lkFk 135° dks.k ls okekorZ fn'kk esa 5 2 bdkbZ nwjh pydj /kukRed x-v{k ds
lkFk ¼nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk esa½ 120° ds dks.k ij 4 bdkbZ nwjh ls Q ij igq¡prk gSA fcUnq Q ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans.  6, 9  2 3 
B-12. The ends of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle are (6, 0) and (0, 6), then find the locus of third
vertex of triangle.
ledks.k f=kHkqt ds d.kZ ds fljs (6, 0) rFkk (0, 6) gS] rc f=kHkqt ds rhljs 'kh"kZ dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A

Ans. x2 + y2 – 6x – 6y = 0.

B-13. A point moves in the x-y plane such that the sum of its distances from two mutually perpendicular lines
is always equal to 3, then find the area enclosed by the locus of the point.

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 Straight Line

,d fcUnq x-y lery esa bl izdkj xeu djrk gS fd bldh nks ijLij yEcor js[kkvksa ls nwfj;ksa dk ;ksx lnSo 3
bdkbZ jgrk gSA ml fcUnq ds fcUnqiFk }kjk ifjc} {ks=kQy gS
Ans. 18

B-14. One side of a rectangle lies along the line 4x + 7y + 5 = 0. Two of its vertices are (–3, 1) and (1, 1).
Then find the equations of other sides.
,d vk;r dh ,d Hkqtk js[kk 4x + 7y + 5 = 0 ds vuqfn'k gS bl ds nks 'kh"kZ (–3, 1) rFkk (1, 1) gS] rks vU; Hkqtkvksa
dk lehdj.k Kkr djksA
Ans. 7x – 4y + 25 = 0, 7x – 4y – 3 = 0, 4x + 7y = 11

Section (C) : Position of point, linear inequation, perpendicular distance, image & foot,
Area of Parallelogram
[k.M (C) % fcUnq dh fLFkfr] jSf[kd vlfedk,sa yEcor~ nwjh] izfrfcEc vkSj yEcikn] lekUrj prqHkqZt dk
{ks=kQy
C-1. Plot the region
vkjs[k [khpha,&
(i) 6x + 2y  31 (ii) 2x + 5y  10 (iii) 8x + 3y + 6 > 0 (iv) x > 2

C-2. Find coordinates of the foot of perpendicular, image and equation of perpendicular drawn from the point
(2, 3) to the line y = 3x – 4.
fcUnw (2, 3) ls js[kk y = 3x – 4 ij [khaps x,s yEc dh lehdj.k] bl yEc ds yEcikn ds funsZ'kkad rFkk bl fcUnq
dk js[kk ds lkis{k izfrfcEc Kkr dhft,A
 23 29   13 14 
Ans. Foot yEcikn  ,  , Image izfrfcEc  ,  , x + 3y – 11 = 0
 10 10   5 5 

C-3. Starting at the origin, a beam of light hits a mirror (in the form of a line) at the point A(4, 8) and reflected
line passes through the point B (8, 12). Compute the slope of the mirror.
,d izdk'k fdj.k] ewyfcUnq ls vkrh gqbZ ,d js[kh; niZ.k ls fcUnq A(4, 8) ij Vdjkdj fcUnq B (8, 12) ls xqtjrh gS
rc niZ.k js[kk dh izo.krk Kkr dhft,A
1  10
Ans.
3

C-4. Find the nearest point on the line 3x + 4y – 1 = 0 from the origin.
ewyfcUnq ls js[kk 3x + 4y – 1 = 0 ds utnhd dk fcUnq gSA
 3 4 
Ans.  25 , 25 
 
  0   0 ( 1)
Sol. Required point is foot of perpendicular from (0, 0) on the given line which is = =
3 4 25
  0   0 ( 1)
vHkh"V fcUnq (0, 0) ls nh xbZ js[kk ij Mkys x;s yEc dk ikn gS tks = = gSA
3 4 25

C-5. Find the position of the origin with respect to the triangle whose sides are x + 1 = 0, 3x – 4y – 5 = 0, 5x
+ 12y – 27 = 0.
ewy fcUnq dh js[kkvksa x + 1 = 0, 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 o 5x + 12y – 27 = 0 ls cuus okys f=kHkqt ds lkis{k fLFkfr Kkr
djksA
Ans. Inside vanj fLFkr gSA
Sol. Plot diagram vkjs[k [khfp,a

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 Straight Line
Y

(0, 27/12)

(27/5,0)
X
(–1,0) O (5/3,0)
(0,– 5/4)

C-6. Find the area of parallelogram whose two sides are y = x + 3, 2x – y + 1 = 0 and remaining two sides
are passing through (0, 0).
ml lekarj prqHkqZt dk {ks=kQy Kkr dhft, ftldh nks Hkqtk,¡ y = x + 3, 2x – y + 1 = 0 gS rFkk vU; nks Hkqtk;sa
(0, 0) ls xqtjrh gSA
Ans. 3 sq. unit oxZ bdkbZ

C-7. Is there a real value of  for which the image of the point (,  1) by the line mirror 3 x + y = 6  is
the point (2 + 1, ) ? If so, find .
D;k  dk dksbZ okLrfod eku gS ftlds fy, fcUnq (,  1) dk js[kk niZ.k 3 x + y = 6  ds lkis{k izfrfcEc fcUnq
(2 + 1, ) gks ? ;fn ,slk gks] rks  dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2

C-8. Find the equations of two straight lines which are parallel to x + 7y + 2 = 0 and at 2 distance away
from it.
ljy js[kk x + 7y + 2 = 0 ds lekUrj ljy js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k gS] tks blls 2 nqjh ij gSA
Ans. x + 7y + 12 = 0, x + 7y – 8 = 0

C-9. Prove that the area of the parallelogram contained by the lines 4y – 3x – a = 0, 3y – 4x + a = 0, 4y – 3x
2 2
– 3a = 0 and 3y – 4x + 2a = 0 is a.
7
fl) dhft, fd js[kkvksa 4y – 3x – a = 0, 3y – 4x + a = 0, 4y – 3x – 3a = 0 ,oa 3y – 4x + 2a = 0 ls cus
2
lekUrj prqHkqZt dk {ks=kQy a2 oxZ bdkbZ gSA
7

Section (D) : Centroid, orthocentre, circumcentre, incentre, excentre, Locus

[k.M (D) % dsUnzd yEcdsUnz] ifjdsUnz cfg"dsUnz] fcUnqiFk
D-1. For triangle whose vertices are (0, 0), (5, 12) and (16, 12). Find coordinates of
(i) Centroid (ii) Circumcentre
(iii) Incentre (iv) Excentre opposite to vertex (5, 12)
'kh"kksZ (0, 0), (5, 12) o (16, 12) okys f=kHkqt ds fy;s fuEu Kkr djks
(i) dsUnzd (ii) ifjdsUnz
(iii) vUr% dsUnz (iv) 'kh"kZ (5, 12) ds lEeq[k cfgZdsUnz
 21 8 
Ans. (i) (7, 8) (ii)  ,  (iii) (7, 9) (iv) (27, –21)
 2 3

D-2. Find the sum of coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle whose sides are x = 3, y = 4 and
3x + 4y = 6.
,d f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ x = 3, y = 4 ,oa 3x + 4y = 6 gS] rks f=kHkqt ds yEcdsUnz ds funsZ'kkad dk ;ksxQy gS –
Ans. 7

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D-3. Find equations of altitudes and the co-ordinates of the othocentre of the triangle whose sides are
3x – 2y = 6, 3x + 4y + 12 = 0 and 3x – 8y + 12 = 0.
Hkqtkvksa 3x – 2y = 6, 3x + 4y + 12 = 0 o 3x – 8y + 12 = 0 okys f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZyEcksa ds lehdj.k rFkk yEc dsanz
ds funsZ'kkad Kkr djksA
 1 23 
Ans. 2x + 3y + 8 = 0, 4x – 3y – 7 = 0, 8x + 3y + 9 = 0 , orthocentre yEcdsanz   ,  .
 6 9 

D-4. A triangle has the lines y = m1x and y = m2x for two of its sides, where m 1, m2 are the roots of the
equation x2 + ax – 1 = 0, then find the orthocentre of triangle.

,d f=kHkqt dh nks Hkqtk,a y = m1x rFkk y = m2x gS tgk¡ m1, m2 lehdj.k x2 + ax – 1 = 0 ds ewy gSA rc f=kHkqt dk
yEcdsUnz gSA
Ans. (0, 0)

D-5. Prove that the circumcentre, orthocentre, incentre & centroid of the triangle formed by the points A(1,
11); B (9, 8); C (15, 2) are collinear, without actually finding any of them.
fl) dhft, fcUnqvksa A(1, 11); B (9, 8); C (15, 2) ls cuus okys f=kHkqt dk ifjdsUnz] yEcdsUnz] vUr%dsUnz ,oa
dsUnzd lajs[kh; gSA ¼fdlh dks Hkh Kkr fd, fcukA½

D-6. Find locus of centroid of AOB if line AB passes through (3, 2), A and B are on coordinate axes.

AOB ds dsUnzd dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft, ;fn js[kk AB, fcUnq (3, 2), ls xqtjrh gS rFkk A vkSj B funsZ'kkad v{kksa ij
gS &
3 2
Ans.  3
x y

D-7. Find the locus of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (a cos t, a sin t), (b sin t, –b cos t) and (1,
0), where ‘t’ is the parameter.
,d f=kHkqt ds dsUnzd dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft, ftlds 'kh"kks± ds funsZ'kkad (a cos t, a sin t), (b sin t, –b cos t) vkSj
(1, 0) gSa] tgk¡ ‘t’ izkpy gSA
Ans. (3x – 1)2 + 9y2 = a2 + b2

D-8. Show that equation of the locus of a point which moves so that difference of its distance from two given
x2 y2
points (ae, 0) and (–ae, 0) is equal to 2a is 2 – 2 2 =1.
a a (e  1)
fl) dhft, ,d ,sls fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk ftldh nks fLFkj fcUnqvksa (ae, 0) o (–ae, 0) ls nwfj;ksa dk varj lnSo fLFkj
x2 y2
rFkk 2a ds cjkcj gksrk gS] – =1 gSA
a2 a2 (e2  1)

D-9. Find the locus of point of intersection of the lines x cos  + y sin  = a and x sin  – y cos  = b, where
 is a parameter.
js[kkvksa x cos  + y sin  = a vkSj x sin  – y cos  = b, tgk¡  ,d izkpy gS] ds izfrPNsn fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. x2 + y2 = a2 + b2
Sol Given x cos  + y sin  = a .......(1) x sin  – y cos  = b .......(2)
square (1) and (2) then add them x2 + y2 = a2 + b2
Hindi. fn;k x;k gS x cos  + y sin  = a .......(1) x sin  – y cos  = b .......(2)
(1) vkSj (2) dk oxZ djds tksM+us ij x2 + y2 = a2 + b2

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D-10. The area of the triangle formed by the intersection of a line parallel to x-axis and passing through
P(h, k) with the lines y = x and x + y = 2 is 4h2. Find the locus of the point P.

x–v{k ds lekUrj ,oa P(h, k) ls xqtjus okyh js[kk rFkk js[kkvksa y = x ,oa x + y = 2 }kjk fufeZr f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy
4h2 gSa] rks fcUnq P dk fcUnq iFk Kkr dhft,A
Ans. y = 2x + 1 or y = –2x + 1

Section (E) : Angle Bisector, condition of concurrency, family of straight lines

[k.M (E) % dks.k v}Zd] laxkeh gksus dk izfrcU/k] ljy js[kkvksa dk fudk;
E-1. Find equations of acute and obtuse angle bisectors of the angle between the lines 4x + 3y – 7 = 0 and
24x + 7y – 31 = 0.
js[kkvksa 4x + 3y – 7 = 0 rFkk 24x + 7y – 31 = 0 ds e/; U;wu dks.k o vf/kd dks.k lef}Hkktdksa ds lehdj.k Kkr
djksA rFkk buesa ls dkSuls lef}Hkktd okys {ks=k esa ewyfcUnw gS \
Ans. acute 2x + y – 3 = 0, obtuse x – 2y + 1 = 0, origin lies in obtuse angle bisector.
Ans. U;wu dks.k v)Zd 2x + y – 3 = 0, vf/kd dks.k v/kZd x – 2y + 1 = 0, ewy fcanw vf/kd dks.k esa gSA

E-2. Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point (4, 5) and equally inclined to the lines 3x =
4y + 7 and 5y = 12x + 6.
fcUnq (4, 5) ls xqtjus okyh ,oa js[kkvksa 3x = 4y + 7 rFkk 5y = 12x + 6 ls leku dks.k ij >qdh js[kk dh lehdj.k
Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 9 x  7 y = 1, 7 x + 9 y = 73

E-3. The line x + 3y  2 = 0 bisects the angle between a pair of straight lines of which one has equation
x  7y + 5 = 0,then find equation of other line
js[kk x + 3y  2 = 0 ,d ljy js[kk ;qXe ds e/; dks.k dks lef}Hkkftr djrh gSaA ;fn js[kk ;qXe dh ,d lehdj.k
x  7y + 5 = 0 gks] rks vU; js[kk dh lehdj.k gS –
Ans. 5x + 5y  3 = 0

E-4. Find the value of  such that lines x + 2y = 3, 3x – y = 1 and x + y = 2 can not form a triangle.
 ds eku Kkr dhft, tcfd js[kk,¡ x + 2y = 3, 3x – y = 1 rFkk x + y = 2 f=kHkqt ugha cuk ldrh gSA
6 1
Ans. , ,–3
5 2

E-5. Find values of  for which line y = x + 1, y = x + 2 and y = (2 +  –1) x + 3 are con-current.

 ds eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, y = x + 1, y = x + 2 vkSj y = (2 +  –1) x + 3 laxkeh gSA

Ans. 0

E-6. Find the equation to the straight line passing through

(i) The point (3, 2) and the point of intersection of the lines 2x + 3y = 1 and 3x – 4y = 6.
(ii) The intersection of the lines x + 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 and perpendicular to the straight
line y – x = 8.
ml ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr djks tks
(i) fcUnq (3, 2) rFkk js[kkvksa 2x + 3y = 1 o 3x – 4y = 6 ds izfrPNsnu fcUnw ls xqtjrh gSA
(ii) js[kkvksa x + 2y + 3 = 0 o 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 ds izfrPNsnu fcUnq ls xqtjrh gS rFkk ljy js[kk y – x = 8 ds
yEcor~ gSA
Ans. (i) 43x – 29y = 71 (ii) x+y+2=0

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 Straight Line

E-7. Find the locus of the circumcentre of a triangle whose two sides are along the co-ordinate axes and
third side passes through the point of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0 and x + my + n = 0.
ml f=kHkqt ds ifjdsUnz dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft, ftldh nks Hkqtk,a funsZ'kkad v{kksa ds vuqfn'k gS rFkk rhljh Hkqtk
js[kkvksa ax + by + c = 0 vkSj x + my + n = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls xqtjrh gSA
Ans. 2xy(ma-b) + x(an – c) + y (mc – bn) = 0.
Section (F) : Pair of straight lines, Homogenization
[k.M (F) % ljy js[kkvksa ds v)Zd] le?kkrhdj.k
F-1. If the slope of one of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 be the nth power of the other, then
1 1
prove that (abn )n1  (anb)n1  2h  0

;fn js[kkvksa ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 esa ls ,d dk <ky nwljh ds <ky dh n oha ?kkr gS rks fl) dhft, fd
1 1
(abn )n1  (anb)n1  2h  0

F-2. For what value of  does the equation 12x2 – 10xy + 2y2 + 11x – 5y +  = 0 represent a pair of straight
lines ? Find their equations, point of intersection, acute angle between them and pair of angle bisector.

 ds fdl eku ds fy;s lehdj.k 12x2 – 10xy + 2y2 + 11x – 5y +  = 0 ,d ljy js[kk ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrh
gSA mu ljy js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k] izfrPNsnu fcUnq] muds e/; U;wu dks.k rFkk dks.k lef}Hkktdksa dk js[kk ;qXe Hkh
Kkr djksA
 3 5
Ans.  = 2, 3x – y + 2 =0, 4x – 2y + 1 = 0, point of intersection izfrPNsnu fcUnq   ,   ,
 2 2
 1
tan–1   , 2x2 + 4xy – 2y2 + 16x – 4y + 7 = 0.
7
F-3. (i) Find the integral values of 'h' for which hx2 – 5xy + 4hy2 + x + 2y – 2 = 0 represents two real straight
lines.
h ds iw.kkZad eku Kkr dhft, tcfd hx2 – 5xy + 4hy2 + x + 2y – 2 = 0 nks okLrfod ljy js[kkvksa dks çnf'kZr
djrk gSA
(ii) If the pair of lines represented by equation k(k – 3) x2 + 16xy + (k + 1)y2 = 0 are perpendicular to
each other, then find k.
;fn k(k – 3) x2 + 16xy + (k + 1)y2 = 0 }kjk iznf'kZr js[kk ;qXe] ijLij ,d nqljs ds yEcor~ gS rc k dk eku Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. (i) h = 1 (ii) k = 1

F-4. Find the equation of the straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line
lx + my + n = 0 and the curve y2 = 4ax. Also, find the condition of their perpendicularity.
ljy js[kk lx + my + n = 0 vkSj oØ y2 = 4ax ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa dks ewy fcUnq ls feykus okyh ljy js[kkvksa ds
lehdj.k Kkr djks rFkk yEcor~ dk izfrcU/k Hkh Kkr dhft,A
Ans : 4alx2 + 4amxy + ny2 = 0; 4al + n = 0
Ans : 4alx2 + 4amxy + ny2 = 0; 4al + n = 0

F-5. Find the condition that the diagonals of the parallelogram formed by the lines ax + by + c =0 ;
ax + by + c = 0; a'x + b'y + c = 0, a'x + b'y + c' = 0 are at right angles. Also find the equation to the
diagonals of the parallelogram.
js[kkvksa ax + by + c =0 ; ax + by + c = 0; a'x + b'y + c = 0, a'x + b'y + c' = 0 ls cus lekUrj prqHkqZt ds fod.kZ
ds yEcor~ gksus dk izfrcU/k Kkr dhft, rFkk lekUrj prqHkqZt ds fod.kZ dk lehdj.k Hkh Kkr dhft,A
Ans. a2 + b2 = (a')2 + (b')2 (a + a')x + (b + b')y + c + c' = 0 (a – a') x + (b – b')y = 0

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 Straight Line

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

Section (A): Distance formula, section formula, Area of Triangle & polygon,
Collinearity, slope

A-1. Mid point of A(0, 0) and B(1024, 2048) is A1. mid point of A1 and B is A2 and so on. Coordinates of A10
are.

A(0, 0) vkSj B(1024, 2048) dk e/; fcUnq A1 gS] A1 vkSj B dk e/; fcUnq A2 gS blh izdkj A10 ds funsZ'kkad gS &

(A) (1022, 2044) (B) (1025, 2050) (C*) (1023, 2046) (D) (1, 2)

A-2. If the points (k, 2 – 2k), (1 – k, 2k) and (–k –4, 6 – 2k) be collinear, the number of possible values of k
are
;fn fcUnq (k, 2 – 2k), (1 – k, 2k) ,oa (–k –4, 6 – 2k) lajs[kh; gks] rks k ds laHko ekuksa dh la[;k gS–
(A) 4 (B*) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3

A-3. Given a ABC with unequal sides. P is the set of all points which is equidistant from B & C and Q is the
set of all point which is equidistant from sides AB and AC. Then n(P  Q) equals :
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) Infinite
fn;k x;k gS ,d ABC ftldh Hkqtk;sa vleku gSA P ml lHkh fcUnqvksa dk lewg tks B vkSj C ls leku nwjh ij gSA
vkSj Q mu fcUnqvksa dk lewg gS tks Hkqtkvksa AB vkSj AC ls leku nwjh ij gSA rc n(P  Q) cjkcj gksxk :
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D)vuUr

A-4. A line segment AB is divided internally and externally in the same ratio (> 1) at P and Q respectively
and M is mid point of AB.
,d js[kk[k.M AB dks P vkSj Q Øe'k% leku vuqikr (> 1) esa vkUrfjd vkSj cká; foHkkftr djrk gS rFkk M, AB
dk e/; fcUnq gSA
Statement-1: MP, MB, MQ are in G.P.
dFku-1: MP, MB, MQ xq.kksÙkj Js.kh esa gSA
Statement-2 AP, AB and AQ are in HP.
dFku-2 AP, AB rFkk AQ gjkRed Js.kh esa gSA
(A*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation
for
STATEMENT-1Pro
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
(E) Both STATEMENTS are false
(A*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
(E) lHkh dFku vlR; gSA

A-5. Find the area of the triangle formed by the mid points of sides of the triangle whose vertices are (2, 1),
(– 2, 3), (4, – 3)
(A*) 1.5 sq. units (B) 3 sq. units (C) 6 sq. units (D) 12 sq. units

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 Straight Line

,d f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ (2, 1), (– 2, 3) ,oa (4, – 3) gSaA bl f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ds e/; fcUnqvksa ls fufeZr f=kHkqt dk
{ks=kQy gS &
(A*) 1.5 oxZ bZdkbZ (B) 3 oxZ bZdkbZ (C) 6 oxZ bZdkbZ (D) 12 oxZ bZdkbZ

Section (B) : Different forms of straight lines and Angle between lines
[k.M (B) % f=kHkqt vkSj cgqHkqt dk {ks=kQy] ljy js[kkvksa ds fofHkUu :i vkSj js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.k
B-1. A straight line through P (1, 2) is such that its intercept between the axes is bisected at P. Its equation
is :
fcUnq P (1, 2) ls xqtjus okyh ,d ljy js[kk dk v{kksa ds e/; var%[k.M fcUnq P ij lef}Hkkftr gksrk gS] rks bl
js[kk dh lehdj.k gS &
(A) x + 2y = 5 (B) x – y + 1 = 0 (C) x + y – 3 = 0(D*) 2x + y – 4 = 0

B-2. The number of integral points (integral point means both the coordinates should be integer) exactly in
the interior of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, 21) and (21, 0), is
'kh"kZ (0, 0), (0, 21) ,oa (21, 0) okys f=kHkqt ds Bhd vUnj fLFkr iw.kk±d fcUnqvksa ¼vFkkZr~ ,sls fcUnq ftuds x o y nksuksa
funsZ'kkad iw.kk±d gks½ dh la[;k gSa &
(A) 133 (B*) 190 (C) 233 (D) 105
B-3. The line joining two points A (2, 0) and B (3, 1) is rotated about A in the anticlock wise direction through
an angle of 15º. The equation of the line in the new position is :
(A) x  3 y  2 = 0 (B) x  2y  2 = 0 (C*) 3 x  y  2 3 = 0 (D) 2 x – y – 2 2 = 0
nks fcUnqvksa A (2, 0) rFkk B (3, 1) ls tkus okyh ,d ljy js[kk dks A ds lkis{k okekorZ fn'kk esa 15º dks.k ij ?kqek;k
tkrk gS rks ubZ fLFkfr esa js[kk dh lehdj.k gksxh &
(A) x  3 y  2 = 0 (B) x  2y  2 = 0 (C*) 3 x  y  2 3 = 0 (D) 2 x – y – 2 2 = 0

B-4. In a ABC, side AB has the equation 2x + 3y = 29 and the side AC has the equation
x + 2y = 16. If the mid point of BC is (5, 6), then the equation of BC is
(A) 2x + y = 16 (B*) x + y = 11 (C) 2x – y = 4 (D) x + y = 10
,d f=kHkqt ABC dh Hkqtkvksa AB o AC dh lehdj.ksa Øe'k% 2x + 3y = 29 rFkk x + 2y = 16 gS ;fn Hkqtk BC dk
e/; fcUnq (5, 6) gks rks Hkqtk BC dh lehdj.k gS&
(A) 2x + y = 16 (B*) x + y = 11 (C) 2x – y = 4 (D) x + y = 10

B-5. A square of side 'a' lies above the x-axis and has one vertex at the origin. The side passing through the
 
origin makes an angle   0     with the positive direction of x-axis. The equation of its diagonal
 4
not passing through the origin is :
;fn 'a' Hkqtk dk oxZ x-v{k ds Åij fLFkr gS rFkk mldk ,d 'kh"kZ ewyfcUnq ij gSA ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh Hkqtk x
 
v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ls   0     dks.k cukrh gSA blds ewy fcUnq ls u xqtjus okys fod.kZ dh lehdj.k gS
 4 
&
(A) y (cos  – sin ) – x (sin  – cos ) = a (B) y (cos  + sin ) + x (sin  – cos ) = a
(C) y (cos  + sin ) + x (sin  + cos ) = a (D*) y (cos  + sin ) + x (cos  – sin ) = a

B-6. Find equation of a straight line on which length of perpendicular from the origin is four units and the line
makes an angle of 120º with the positive direction of x-axis.

ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tcfd ewy fcUnq ls yEc dh yEckbZ 4 bdkbZ rFkk js[kk /kukRed x-v{k ls 120º
dk dks.k cukrh gSA

(A) 3x–y=0 (B*) 3 x + y = 8 (C) x + 3 y = 8 (D) x – 3 y = 8

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 Straight Line

B-7. The distance of the point (2, 3) from the line 2 x  3 y + 9 = 0 measured along a line x – y + 1 = 0 is :

fcUnq (2, 3) dh js[kk x – y + 1 = 0 ds vuqfn'k js[kk 2 x  3 y + 9 = 0 ls nwjh gS –

(A) 5 3 (B*) 4 2 (C) 3 2 (D) 2 2

B-8. If a point P(x, y) from where line drawn cuts coordinate axes at A and B (with A on x-axis and B on y-
x2 y2
axis) satisfies .   1 , then  +  is
PB2 PA 2

x2 y2
;fn fcUnq P(x, y) ls tgk¡ js[kk funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks A rFkk B ij dkVrh gS rFkk .   1 , dks larq"V djrh
PB2 PA 2
gS rc  +  dk eku gS& (tgk¡ A, x-v{k ij gS rFkk B, y-v{k ij gS)

(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

B-9. Two particles start from the point (2, – 1), one moving 2 units along the line x + y = 1 and the other 5
units along the line x – 2y = 4. If the particles move towards increasing y, then their new positions are
fcUnq (2, – 1) ls nks d.k pyrs gSA muesa ls ,d js[kk x + y = 1 ds vuqfn'k 2 bdkbZ nqjh pyrk gS rFkk vU; js[kk x
– 2y = 4 ds vuqfn'k 5 bdkbZ nqwjh pyrk gSA ;fn nksuks d.k y ds c<us dh fn'kk esa gks rc budh u;h fLFkfr gS&

  
(A*) 2  2, 2  1 , 2 5  2, 5  1    
(B) 2 5  2, 5  1 , 2 2, 2  1 
(C)  2  2, 2  1,  2 5  2, 5  1 (D) none of these buesa ls dksbZ ughaA

B-10. Equation of a straight line passing through the origin and making with x  axis an acute
angle twice the size of the angle made by the line y = (0.2) x with the x  axis, is :
js [ kk y = (0.2) x }kjk x v{k ds lkFk cuk, x, dks . k dk nq x uk dks . k cukus o kyh ,oa ew y fcUnq ls
xq t jus okyh ljy js [ kk dk lehdj.k gS :
(A) y = (0.4) x (B*) y = (5/12) x (C) 6y  5x = 0 (D) 6y  5x = 0

B-11. The points A (1, 3) and C (5,1) are the oppositive vertices of rectangle. The equation of line passing
through other two vertices and of gradient 2, is

fcUnqvksa A (1, 3) rFkk C (5,1) vk;r ds foijhr 'kh"kZ gSA vU; nks 'kh"kksZ vkSj izo.krk 2 ls xqtjus okyh js[kk dk
lehdj.k gS&

(A) 2x+y–8 = 0 (B*) 2x–y–4 = 0 (C) 2x–y+4 = 0 (D) 2x+y = 0

B-12. The point (–4,5) is the vertex of a square and one of its digonals is 7x–y+8 = 0. The equation of the
other diagonal is

fcUnq P( –4,5) oxZ dk ,d 'kh"kZ gS rFkk bldk fod.kZ 7x–y+8 = 0. gS rks blds vU; fod.kZ dk lehdj.k gS &

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 Straight Line

(A) 7x–y+23 = 0 (B) 7y + x =30 (C*) 7y + x =31 (D) x –7y =30

B-13. Two straight lines x + 2y = 2 and x + 2y = 6 are given, then find the equation of the line parallel to given
lines and divided distance between lines in the ratio 2 : 1 internally
nks js[kk,a x + 2y = 2 vkSj x + 2y = 6 nh xbZ gS rc js[kk dk lehdj.k tks nh xbZ js[kkvksa ds lekUrj gS vkSj mu
js[kkvksa ds e/; dh nqjh dks 2 : 1 esa vUr% foHkkftr djrh gSA
(A) 3x + 6y + 8 = 0 (B*) 3x + 6y = 14
(C) 3x + 6y + 14 = 0 (D) 3x + 2y = 10

Section (C) : Position of point, linear inequation, perpendicular distance, image & foot
[k.M (C) % fcUnq dh fLFkfr] jSf[kd vlfedk,sa yEcor~ nwjh] izfrfcEc vkSj yEcikn

C-1. The set of values of 'b' for which the origin and the point (1, 1) lie on the same side of the straight line,
a2x + a by + 1 = 0  a  R, b > 0 are :
'b' ds mu ekuksa dk leqPp;] ftuds fy;s ewyfcUnq rFkk fcUnq (1, 1) ljy js[kk a2x + a by + 1 = 0 ds ,d gh vksj
fLFkr gSa ¼lHkh a  R, b > 0 ds fy;s½ :
(A) b  (2, 4) (B*) b  (0, 2) (C) b  [0, 2] (D) (2, )

C-2. The point (a2, a + 1) is a point in the angle between the lines 3x  y + 1 = 0 and x + 2y  5 = 0
containing the origin, then
(A) a  1 or a  3 (B*) a  ( 3, 0)  (1/3, 1)
(C) a  (0, 1) (D) a  (– , 0)
fcUnq (a , a + 1) js[kkvksa 3x  y + 1 = 0 ,oa x + 2y  5 = 0 ds e/; ml dks.k esa fLFkr gksxk ftlesa ewy fcUnq fLFkr
2

gS] rks
(A) a  1 ;k a  3 (B) a  ( 3, 0)  (1/3, 1)
(C) a  (0, 1) (D) a  (– , 0)

C-3. Find area of region represented by 3x + 4y > 12, 4x + 3y > 12 and x + y < 4

3x + 4y > 12, 4x + 3y > 12 vkSj x + y < 4 ls fu:fir {ks=k dk {ks=kQy gS &

8 4 7 8
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 8 7

C-4. The image of the point A (1, 2) by the line mirror y = x is the point B and the image of B by the line
mirror y = 0 is the point (, ), then :
(A)  = 1, =  2 (B)  = 0, = 0 (C*)  = 2, =  1 (D)  = 1, =  1
js[kk niZ.k y = x esa fcUnq A (1, 2) dk izfrfcEc B gS rFkk js[kk niZ.k y = 0 esa B ds izfrfcEc ds funsZ'kkad (, ) gS]
rks–
(A)  = 1, =  2 (B)  = 0, = 0 (C)  = 2, =  1 (D)  = 1, =  1

C-5. The equations of the perpendicular bisector of the sides AB and AC of a ABC are
x – y + 5 = 0 and x + 2y = 0 respectively. If the point A is (1, –2), then the equation of the line BC is :

ABC dh Hkqtkvksa AB o AC ds yEc lef}Hkktdksa dh lehdj.ksa Øe'k% x – y + 5 = 0 rFkk x + 2y = 0 gS ;fn fcUnq

A (1, –2) gks] rks Hkqtk BC dh lehdj.k gksxh &
(A*) 14x + 23y = 40 (B) 14x – 23y = 40 (C) 23x + 14y = 40 (D) 23x – 14y = 40

C-6. A light beam emanating from the point A(3, 10) reflects from the straight line 2x + y  6 = 0 and then
passes through the point B(4, 3). The equation of the reflected beam is x + 3y –  = 0, then the value
of  is

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 Straight Line

fcUnq A(3, 10) ls mRlftZr gksus okyh ,d izdk'k fdj.k] ljy js[kk 2x + y  6 = 0 ls ijkofrZr gksdj fcUnq B(4, 3)
ls xqtjrh gS] rks ijkofrZr izdk'k fdj.k dk lehdj.k x + 3y –  = 0 gks rks  dk eku gS&
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C*) 13 (D) 14

Section (D) : Centroid, orthocentre, circumcentre, incentre, excentre, Locus

[k.M (D) % dsUnzd yEcdsUnz] ifjdsUnz cfg"dsUnz] fcUnqiFk
D-1. The orthocentre of the triangle ABC is 'B' and the circumcentre is 'S' (a, b). If A is the origin, then the
coordinates of C are :
;fn f=kHkqt ABC dk yEcdsanz 'B' rFkk ifjdsanz 'S' (a, b) gks rFkk A ewy fcUnw gks] rks C ds funsZ'kkad gksaxs :
(A*) (2a, 2b)
a b
(B)  , 
2 2
(C)  a2  b 2 , 0  (D) none buesa ls dksbZ ugha

D-2. A triangle ABC with vertices A ( 1, 0),B ( 2, 3/4) & C ( 3,  7/6) has its orthocentre H. Then the
orthocentre of triangle BCH will be :
(A) ( 3,  2) (B) (1, 3) (C) ( 1, 2) (D*) none of these
,d f=kHkqt ABC ftlds 'kh"kZ A ( 1, 0),B ( 2, 3/4) o C ( 3,  7/6) gS] dk yEcdsUnz H gS rks BCH dk
yEcdsUnz gksxkA
(A) ( 3,  2) (B) (1, 3) (C) ( 1, 2) (D*) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

D-3. Find locus of centroid of ABC, if B(1, 1), C(4, 2) and A lies on the line y = x + 3.
ABC ds dsUnzd dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft, ;fn B(1, 1), C(4, 2) vkSj A, js[kk y = x + 3 ij fLFkr gSA
(A) 3x + 3y + 1 = 0 (B) x + y = 3 (C*) 3x – 3y + 1 = 0 (D) x – y = 3

D-4. The locus of the mid-point of the distance between the axes of the variable line x cos  + y sin  = p,
where p is constant, is

,d pj js[kk x cos  + y sin  = p, ¼tgk¡ p vpj gS½ ds v{kksa ds e/; var%[k.M ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk gS&

1 1 4 4 1 1 2
(A) x2 + y2 = 4p2 (B*) + 2
= 2
(C) x2 + y2 = 2
(D) – 2
=
x 2
y p p x 2
y p2

D-5. Find the locus of a point which moves so that sum of the squares of its distance from the axes is equal
to 3.

fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft, tcfd v{kks ls blds oxksZ dk ;ksxQy 3 ds cjkcj gS&

(A) x2 + y2 = 9 (B*) x2 +y2 = 3 (C) |x|+|y|=3 (D) x2 – y2 = 3

D-6. A variable straight line passes through a fixed point (a, b) intersecting the coordinates axes at A & B. If
'O' is the origin, then the locus of the centroid of the triangle OAB is :
,d fLFkj fcUnq (a, b) ls xqtjus okyh ,d pj ljy js[kk funsZ'kh v{kksa dks Øe'k% A vkSj B ij dkVrh gS] ;fn 'O'
ewyfcUnq gks] rks f=kHkqt OAB ds dsanzd dk fcUnqiFk gS&
(A*) bx + ay  3xy = 0 (B) bx + ay  2xy = 0
(C) ax + by  3xy = 0 (D) ax + by  2xy = 0

D-7. Consider a triangle ABC, whose vertices are A(–2, 1), B(1, 3) and C(x, y). If C is a moving point such
that area of ABC is constant, then locus of C is :

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 Straight Line

(A*) Straight line (B) Circle (C) Ray (D) Parabola

ekuk fd ,d f=kHkqt ABC gSA ftlds 'kh"kZ A(–2, 1), B(1, 3) vkSj C(x, y) ;fn ,d fcUnq C bl rjg ls xfr djrk gS
f=kHkqt ABC dk {ks=kQy fu;r jgs rks fcUnq C dk fcUnqiFk gksxk %
(A) ljy js[kk (B) o`Ùk (C) fdj.k (D) ijoy;

D-8. If the equation of the locus of a point equidistant from the points (a1, b1) and (a2, b2) is
(a1 – a2) x + (b1 – b2) y + c = 0, then the value of ‘c’ is :
;fn fcUnqvksa (a1, b1) rFkk (a2, b2) ls leku nwjh ij fLFkr fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk (a1 – a2) x + (b1 – b2) y + c = 0 gS] rc
‘c’ dk eku gS &
1
(A*) (a 2 + b22 – a12 – b12) (B) a12 – a22 + b12 – b22
2 2
1
(C) (a 2 + a22 + b12 + b22) (D) a12  b12  a22  b22
2 1

Section (E) : Angle Bisector, condition of concurrency, family of straight lines

[k.M (E) % dks.k v}Zd] laxkeh gksus dk izfrcU/k] ljy js[kkvksa dk fudk;
E-1. The equation of bisectors of two lines L1 & L2 are 2 x  16 y  5 = 0 and 64 x + 8 y + 35 = 0. If the line
L1 passes through ( 11, 4), the equation of acute angle bisector of L1 & L2 is :
(A*) 2 x  16 y  5 = 0 (B) 64 x + 8 y + 35 = 0 (C) 2x  16y  5 = 0 (D) 2x  16y  5 = 0
nks js[kkvksas L1 o L2 ds dks.k lef}Hkktd ds lehdj.k 2 x  16 y  5 = 0 rFkk 64 x + 8 y + 35 = 0 gSA ;fn js[kk
L1 fcanq ( 11, 4) ls xqtjrh gS rks L1 o L2 ds U;wudks.k lef}Hkktd dk lehdj.k gS &
(A*) 2 x  16 y  5 = 0 (B) 64 x + 8 y + 35 = 0
(C) 2x  16y  5 = 0 (D) 2x  16y  5 = 0

E-2. The equation of the internal bisector of BAC of ABC with vertices A(5, 2), B(2, 3) and
C(6, 5) is
(A) 2x + y + 12 = 0 (B) x + 2y – 12 = 0 (C*) 2x + y – 12 = 0 (D) 2x – y – 12 = 0
'kh"kksZa A(5, 2), B(2, 3) o C(6, 5) ls cus f=kHkqt ABC ds dks.k BAC ds vkarfjd dks.k lef}Hkktd dh lehdj.k
gS&
(A) 2x + y + 12 = 0 (B) x + 2y – 12 = 0 (C*) 2x + y – 12 = 0 (D) 2x – y – 12 = 0

E-3. The equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines 3 x  4 y + 12 = 0 and
12 x  5 y + 7 = 0 which contains the point (– 1, 4) is :
nks js[kkvksa 3 x  4 y + 12 = 0 ,oa 12 x  5 y + 7 = 0 ds chp fcUnq ( 1, 4) dks lekfgr djus okys dks.k ds
v/kZd dk lehdj.k gS &
(A*) 21x + 27y  121 = 0 (B) 21x  27y + 121 = 0
 3 x  4 y  12 12 x  5 y  7
(C) 21x + 27y + 191 = 0 (D) =
5 13

E-4. The least positive value of t so that the lines x = t + a, y + 16 = 0 and y =ax (where a is real variable)
are concurrent is

t dk U;wure /kukRed eku Kkr dhft, tcfd js[kk,a x = t + a, y + 16 = 0 vkSj y =ax (tgk¡ a okLrfod pj gS)
laxkeh gS&
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 16 (D*) 8

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 Straight Line

E-5. Consider the family of lines 5x + 3y – 2 + 1 (3x – y – 4) = 0 and x – y + 1 + 2(2x – y – 2) = 0. Equation

of a straight line that belong to both families is -
ekuk fd js[kkvksa dk fudk; 5x + 3y – 2 + 1 (3x – y – 4) = 0 vkSj x – y + 1 + 2(2x – y – 2) = 0 ljy js[kk dk
lehdj.k] nksuksa fudk;ksa esa gS
(A) 25x – 62y + 86 = 0 (B) 62x – 25y + 86 = 0
(C) 25x – 62y = 86 (D*) 5x – 2y – 7 = 0

E-6. The equation of a line of the system 2x + y + 4 +  (x – 2y – 3) = 0 which is at a distance 10 units from
point A(2, –3) is
(A) 3x + y + 1 = 0 (B*) 3x – y + 1 = 0 (C) y – 3x + 1 = 0 (D) y + 3x – 2 = 0
fudk; 2x + y + 4 +  (x – 2y – 3) = 0 dh ml js[kk dh lehdj.k tks fcUnq A(2, –3) ls 10 bdkbZ nwjh ij
fLFkr gSA
(A) 3x + y + 1 = 0 (B*) 3x – y + 1 = 0 (C) y – 3x + 1 = 0 (D) y + 3x – 2 = 0

E-7. The lines ax + by + c = 0, where 3a + 2b + 4c = 0, are concurrent at the point

;fn 3a + 2b + 4c = 0 gks] rks ax + by + c = 0 ls iznf'kZr ljy js[kk,¡ fuEu esa ls fdl fcUnq ij laxkeh gSa &
1 3  3 1
(A)  ,  (B) (1, 3) (C) (3, 1) (D*)  , 
2 4 4 2

E-8. Find the equation of a straight line which passes through the point of intersection of the straight lines
x + y – 5 = 0 and x – y + 3 = 0 and perpendicular to the straight line intersecting x-axis at the point (–2,
0) and the y-axis at the point (0, –3),
,d js[kk tksfd js[kkvksa x + y – 5 = 0 rFkk x – y + 3 = 0 ds çfrPNsnh fcUnq ls xqtjrh gS rFkk ml js[kk ds yEcor~
gS tks fd x-v{k dks fcUnq (–2, 0) o y-v{k dks (0, –3) ij dkVrh gS] dk lehdj.k gS
(A) 2x + 3y + 10 = 0 (B*) 2x – 3y + 10 = 0
(C) 2x – 5y + 10 = 0 (D) 2x + 5y + 10 = 0

E-9. The line parallel to the x-axis and passing through the intersection of the lines ax + 2by + 3b = 0
and bx – 2ay –3a = 0, where (a, b) (0, 0) is

(A) Above the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it

(B) Above the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it

(C*) Below the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it

(D) Below the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it

js[kk x-v{k ds lekUrj rFkk js[kkvksa ax + 2by + 3b = 0 vkSj bx – 2ay –3a = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls xqtjrh gS, tgk¡
(a, b) (0, 0)

(A) x-v{k ds Åij blls 3/2 bdkbZ nqjh ij (B) x-v{k ls Åij blls 2/3 nqjh ij

(C*) x-v{k ls uhps blls 3/2 nqjh ij (D) x-v{k ds uhps blls 2/3 nqjh ij

Section (F) : Pair of straight lines, Homogenization

[k.M (F) % ljy js[kkvksa ds v)Zd] le?kkrhdj.k
F-1. If the slope of one line of the pair of lines represented by ax2 + 10xy + y2 = 0 is four times the slope of
the other line, then a =
;fn js[kk ;qXe ax2 + 10xy + y2 = 0 dh ,d js[kk dh <ky] nwljh dh <ky dh pkj xquk gS rks a =
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D*) 16

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 Straight Line

F-2. The combined equation of the bisectors of the angle between the lines represented by
(x2 + y2) 3 = 4xy is
js[kk ;qXe (x2 + y2) 3 = 4xy ds dks.k lef}Hkktdksa dh la;qDr lehdj.k gS&
x2  y2 xy
(A*) y2 – x2 = 0 (B) xy = 0 (C) x2 + y2 = 2xy (D) =
3 2

F-3. The equation of second degree x 2 + 2 2 xy + 2y2 + 4x + 4 2 y + 1 = 0 represents a pair of straight

lines. The distance between them is
lehdj.k x2 + 2 2 xy + 2y2 + 4x + 4 2 y + 1 = 0 ljy js[kkvksa ds ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrh gS rc muds e/; nqjh
gS&
4
(A) 4 (B) (C*) 2 (D) 2 3
3

F-4. The straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the line 2x + y = 1 and curve
3x2 + 4xy – 4x + 1 = 0 include an angle :
ljy js[kk 2x + y = 1 rFkk oØ 3x2 + 4xy – 4x + 1 = 0 ds izfrPNsnu fcanqvksa dks ewyfacanq ls tksM+us ij izkIr ljy
js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.k gS &
   
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )

1. Column – Column – 

(A) The points A(–4, –1), B (–2, –4), C (4, 0) (p) Square
and D(2, 3) are the vertices of

(B) The figure formed by the lines 2x + 5y + 4 = 0, (q) Rectangle

5x + 2y + 7 = 0, 2x + 5y + 3 = 0 and 5x + 2y + 6 = 0
is

(C) A quadrilateral whose diagonal are (r) Rhombus

perpendicular bisectors of each other must be

(D) A quadrilateral whose diagonals are angle (s) Parallelogram

bisector of sides and bisect each other must be
LrEHk– LrEHk– 
(A) fcUnq A(–4, –1), B (–2, –4), C (4, 0) ,oa D(2, 3) (p) oxZ
fdlds 'kh"kZ gS –
(B) js[kkvksa 2x + 5y + 4 = 0, 5x + 2y + 7 = 0, (q) vk;r
2x + 5y + 3 = 0 rFkk 5x + 2y + 6 = 0 ls
cuus okyh vkd`fr gSa&
(C) prqHkqZt ftlds fod.kZ yEclef}Hkktd gksrs gSa (r) leprqHkqZt
(D) prqHkqZt ftlds fod.kZ Hkqtkvksa ds dks.k v)Zd gSa vkSj (s) lekUrj prqHkqZt
,d nqljs dks lef}Hkkftr djrs gS&
Ans. (A) (q, s) (B) (r, s) (C) (r, s) (D) (r, s)

2. Match The Followings :

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 Straight Line

Column – Column – 

(A)  P lies on the line y = x and Q lies on y = 2x. The equation for (p) 36
the locus of the mid point of PQ, if |PQ| = 4, is
25x2 – xy + 13y2 = 4, then  equals

(B) The line (K + 1)2 x + ky – 2K2 – 2 = 0 passes through a

point () regardless of value K. Then () equals : (q) 6

(C) Let two lines be C1 : 3x – 4y + 1 = 0 and C2 : 8x + 6y + 1 = 0

suppose () is a point which is at unit distance from
each of the given lines.
then sum of all possible value of  is (r) –4/5

(D) If distance between the pair of parallel lines (s) –1

x2 + 2xy + y2 – 8ax – 8ay – 9a2 = 0 is 25 2 ,
then ‘a/5' is equal to
Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (r), (D)  (s)

LrEHk feyku dhft, &

LrEHk – LrEHk – 
(A) fcUnq P js[kk y = x ij fLFkr gS vkSj fcUnq Q js[kk y = 2x ij fLFkr gSA rks (p) 36
PQ ds e/; fcUnq ds fcUnqiFk dk lehdj.k gksxk , ;fn |PQ| = 4, gS
25x2 – xy + 13y2 = 4, rc  cjkcj

(B) () ls xqtjus ij js[kk (K + 1)2 x + ky – 2K2 – 2 = 0, K ls (q) 6

LorU=k gS rc () cjkcj gksxk :

(C) ;fn nks js[kk;s C1 : 3x – 4y + 1 = 0 rFkk C2 : 8x + 6y + 1 = 0

ekuk () dksbZ fcUnq tks fd izR;sd js[kk ls bZdkbZ nwjh ij fLFkr gS
rc ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuks dk ;ksxQy] gksxk (r) –4/5

(D) ;fn lekarj ljy js[kkvksa x2 + 2xy + y2 – 8ax – 8ay – 9a2 = 0 (s) –1
ds e/; nwjh 25 2 gS] rks a/5 cjkcj gS &
Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (r), (D)  (s)

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

1. On the portion of the straight line x + 2y = 4 intercepted between the axes, a square is constructed on
the side of the line away from the origin. Then the point of intersection of its diagonals has coordinates
:
ljy js[kk x + 2y = 4 }kjk v{kksa ds e/; dkVs x;s Hkkx ij ,d oxZ] ewy fcUnq ds foijhr vksj] cuk;k tkrk gS] rks
blds fod.kks± ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad gksxsa :
(A) (2, 3) (B) (3, 2) (C*) (3, 3) (D) (2,2)

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 Straight Line


2. If the straight line ax + by + p = 0 and xcos + ysin = p enclosed an angle of and the line xsin –
4
ycos = 0 meets them at the same point, then a2 + b2 is

;fn ljy js[kk ax + by + p = 0 rFkk xcos + ysin = p ds e/; dks.k gS rFkk ljy js[kk
4
xsin – ycos = 0 mu js[kkvksa dks ,d gh fcUnq ij feyrh gS] rc a2 + b2 gS&
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C*) 2 (D) 1
3. A ABC is formed by the lines 2x – 3y – 6 = 0 , 3x – y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 12 = 0. If the points P(, 0)
and Q(0, ) always lie on or inside the ABC, then ;
,d f=kHkqt ABC, js[kkvksa 2x – 3y – 6 = 0 , 3x – y + 3 = 0 o 3x + 4y – 12 = 0 }kjk cuk;k tkrk gS] ;fn fcanq
P(, 0) rFkk Q(0, ) lnSo ABC ij ;k mlds vanj fLFkr gS] rks
(A) [–1, 2] & [–2, 3] (B) [–1, 3] & [–2, 4]
(C) [–2, 4] & [–3, 4] (D*) [–1, 3] & [–2, 3]

 t t 
4. If P  1  ,2   be any point on a line, then the range of values of t for which the point P lies
 2 2
between the parallel lines x + 2y = 1 and 2x + 4y = 15 is
4 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 2
(A*) – t (B) 0 < t < (C) – t0 (D) – t
3 6 6 5 3 6
 t t 
;fn fcUnq P  1  ,2   ,d js[kk ij fLFkr dksbZ fcUnq gks] rks t ds mu ekuksa dk leqPp; ftuds fy;s P,
 2 2
lekarj js[kkvksa x + 2y = 1 rFkk 2x + 4y = 15 ds chp fLFkr gS &
4 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 2
(A) – t (B) 0 < t < (C) – t0 (D) – t
3 6 6 5 3 6

5. The point A(4, 1) undergoes following transformations successively :

(i) reflection about line y = x

(ii) translation through a distance of 3 units in the positive direction of x-axis
(iii) rotation through an angle 105° in anti-clockwise direction about origin O.
Then the final position of point A is
 1 7   1 7 
(A) 
 2
, 
2

(B) 2, 7 2  (C)  
 2
,
2
 (D*) 2 6, 2 2  
fcUnq A(4, 1) Øekxr :i ls fuEu :ikUrj.kksa ls xqtjrk gS
(i) js[kk y = x ds lkis{k izfrfcEc gksrk gSA
(ii) x-v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk esa 3 bdkbZ foLFkkfir gksrk gSA
(iii) ewy fcUnq O ds lkis{k okekorZ fn'kk esa 105° dks.k ls ?kwf.kZr gksrk gSA
rc fcUnq A ds vfUre fLFkfr esa funsZ'kkad gS
 1 7   1 7 
(A)  ,
 2 2
 
(B) 2, 7 2  (C)  

, 
2 2

(D*) 2 6, 2 2 
6. Given two points A  (–2, 0) and B  (0, 4), then find coordinate of a point P lying on the line 2x – 3y =
9 so that perimeter of  APB is least.
nks fcUnq A  (–2, 0) rFkk B  (0, 4) fn;s x;s gSa] ljy js[kk 2x – 3y = 9 ij fLFkr og fcUnq P ftlds fy;s f=kHkqt
APB dk ifjeki U;wure gS] ds funsZ'kkad gksaxs &
 42 11   84 74   21 37 
(A)  ,–  (B)  ,–  (C*)  ,–  (D) (0, – 3)
 13 3  13 13   17 17 

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 Straight Line

7. A ray of light is sent from the point (1, 4). Upon reaching the x-axis, the ray is reflected from the point
(3, 0). This reflected ray is again reflected by the line x + y = 5 and intersect y-axis at P. Find the co-
ordinate of P.
fcUnq (1, 4) ls ,d js[kk fdj.k tkrh gS rFkk x-v{k ij igqapdj ;g fcUnq (3, 0) ls ijkofrZr gksrh gS iqu% ;g js[kk
x + y = 5 ls ijkofrZr gksrh gS tks y-v{k dks fcUnq P ij izfrPNsn djrh gS rks P ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A

1    1  1  1 
(A)  ,0  (B*)  0, (C)  0,  (D)  2, 
2   2   3  2 

8. AB is a variable line sliding between the co-ordinate axes in such a way that A lies on X-axis and B lies
on Y-axis. If P is a variable point on AB such that PA = b, PB = a and
AB = a + b, then equation of locus of P is
x2 y2 x2 y2
(A*) 2 + 2 = 1 (B) 2 – 2 =1 (C) x2 + y2 = a2 + b2 (D) x2 – y2 = a2 + b2
a b a b
AB ,d pj js[kk gS tks funsZ'kh v{kksa ds chp bl izdkj fQly jgh gS fd A, X-v{k ij fLFkr gS vkSj B, Y-v{k ij
fLFkr gSA ;fn AB ij ,d pj fcUnq P bl izdkj gS fd PA = b, PB = a vkSj AB = a + b, rks P ds fcUnqiFk dk
lehdj.k gS&
x2 y2 x2 y2
(A*) + =1 (B) – =1 (C) x2 + y2 = a2 + b2 (D) x2 – y2 = a2 + b2
a2 b2 a2 b2

9. If the distance of any point (x, y) from the origin is defined as d(x, y) = max { |x|, |y|}, d(x, y) = a (where
'a' is non-zero constant), then the locus is
(A) A circle (B) Straight line (C*) A square (D) A triangle
;fn fdlh fcUnq (x, y) dh ewy fcUnq ls ifjHkkf"kr nwjh d(x, y) = max { |x|, |y|}, d(x, y) = a (tgk¡ 'a' v'kwU; vpj gS)
rc fcUnqiFk gS
(A) ,d o`Ùk (B) ljy js[kk (C) ,d oxZ (D) ,d f=kHkqt

10. Two ends A & B of a straight line segment of constant length 'c' slide upon the fixed rectangular axes
OX & OY respectively. If the rectangle OAPB is completed. Then find locus of the foot of the
perpendicular drawn from P to AB.
vpj yEckbZ c ds ,d ljy js[kk[k.M ds nks fljs A vkSj B fLFkj vk;rh; v{kksa Øe'k% OX vkSj OY ij fQlyrs
gSA ;fn vk;r OAPB iw.kZ fd;k tkrk gS] rks P ls AB ij Mkys x;s yEc ds ikn dk fcUnqiFk gSA
(A*) x2/3 + y2/3 = c2/3 (B) x2/3 + y2/3 = c1/3 (C) x1/3 + y1/3 = c2/3 (D) x1/3 + y1/3 = c1/3

x y
11. Let the line   1 cuts the x and y axes at A and B respectively. Now a line parallel to the
a b
given line cuts the coordinate axis at P and Q and points P and Q are joined to B and A
respectively. The locus of intersection of the joining lines is
x y
ekuk js[kk   1, x-v{k vkSj y-v{k dks Øe'k A vkSj B ij izfrPNsn djrh gS vc nh xbZ js[kk ds lekUrj js[kk]
a b
funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks P vkSj Q ij feyrh gS rFkk fcUnqvksa P vkSj Q dks B vkSj A ls Øe'k% tksM+k tkrk gS rc nh xbZ
js[kkvksa ds izfrPNsn fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk gS &
x y x y x y x y
(A*)  0 (B)  0 (C)  0 (D)  0
a b a b b a b a

12. A variable line whose slope is –2 cuts the x and y axes respectively at points A and C. A
rhombus ABCD is completed such that vertex B lies on the line y = x. Then the locus of vertex
D is

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 Straight Line

,d pj js[kk ftldh izo.krk –2 gS Øe'k% x vkSj y v{k dks fcUnqvksa A vkSj C ij feyrh gSA ,d
leprqHkZqt ABCD iw.kZ bl izdkj fd;k x;k gS fd 'kh"kZ B, js[kk y = x. ij fLFkr gS rc 'kh"kZ D dk
fcUnq iFk gS &
(A) 2x + y = 1 (B) x – y = 0 (C*) x + y = 0 (D) x + 2y = 0

13. ABCD is a square away from origin of side length ‘a’. Its side AB slides between x and yaxes in first
quadrant with A on x-axis and B on y-axis. The locus of the foot of perpendicular dropped from the point
E on the diagonal AC (where E is the midpoint of the side AD), is
ABCD ,d ‘a’ yEckbZ dh Hkqtk dk oxZ gSA bldh Hkqtk AB, x vkSj y v{k ds e/; izFke prqFkk±'k esa
fQlyrk gS] fcUnq E ls fod.kZ gS AC ij Mkys x, yEc ds yEcikn dk fcUnqiFk gSA ¼tgk E Hkqtk AD
dk e/; fcUnq gS)
a2
(A) (y – x)2 + (x – 3y)2 = a2 (B) (y – x)2 + (x – 3y)2 =
2
a2
(C*) (y – x)2 + (x – 3y)2 = (D) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4

14_. The locus of circumcentre of the triangle formed by vertices A((–pq – p – q), –(1 + p)(1 + q)),
B(pq + p – q, (1 + p)(1 + q)), C(pq + q – p, (1 + p)(1 + q)) is
f=kHkqt ftlds 'kh"kZ A((–pq – p – q), –(1 + p)(1 + q)), B(pq + p – q, (1 + p)(1 + q)), C(pq + q – p, (1 + p)(1 +
q)) gS] ds ifjdsUnz dk fcUnqiFk gSA
(A*) y + x = 0 (B) y – x = 0 (C) x2 + y2 = 1 (D) xy = 1

15_. Let two sides of rectangle of area 20 units are along lines x – y = 0 and x + y = 2, then the locus of point
of intersection of diagnals is
(A) (x –1)2 + (y –1)2 = 10 or (y –1)2 + (x –1)2 = 10
(B*) (x –1)2 – (y –1)2 = 10 or (y –1)2 – (x –1)2 = 10
(C) (x +1)2 – (y +1)2 = 10 or (y +1)2 – (x +1)2 = 10
(D) (x –1)2 + (y –1)2 = 10 or (y +1)2 – (x +1)2 = 10
ekuk 20 bdkbZ {ks=kQy ds vk;r dh nks Hkqtk,¡ js[kkvksa x – y = 0 vkSj x + y = 2 ds vuqfn'k gS rc fod.kk±s ds izfrPNsn
fcUnq dk fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk gS&
(A) (x –1)2 + (y –1)2 = 10 ;k (y –1)2 + (x –1)2 = 10
(B*) (x –1)2 – (y –1)2 = 10 ;k (y –1)2 – (x –1)2 = 10
(C) (x +1)2 – (y +1)2 = 10 ;k (y +1)2 – (x +1)2 = 10
(D) (x –1)2 + (y –1)2 = 10 ;k (y +1)2 – (x +1)2 = 10

16. Area of the triangle formed by the line x + y = 3 and angle bisectors of the pair of straight lines x 2 – y2 +
2y = 1 is
(A*) 2 sq units (B) 4 sq. units (C) 6 sq. units (D) 8 sq. units
js[kk ;qXe x2 – y2 + 2y = 1 ds dks.k lef}Hkktdksa ,oa js[kk x + y = 3 ls fufeZr f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy gS &

(A) 2 oxZ bdkbZ (B) 4 oxZ bdkbZ (C) 6 oxZ bdkbZ (D) 8 oxZ bdkbZ

17. Equation of the line pair through the origin and perpendicular to the line pair
xy 3y2 + y  2x + 10 = 0 is :
js[kk ;qXe xy 3y2 + y  2x + 10 = 0 dsyEcor~ ,oa ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okys js[kk ;qXe dk lehdj.k gS :

(A) xy  3y2 = 0 (B*) xy + 3x2 = 0 (C) xy + 3y2 = 0 (D) x2  y2 = 0

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 Straight Line

18. Find the equation of the two straight lines which together with those given by the equation
6x2 – xy – y2 + x + 12y – 35 = 0 will make a parallelogram whose diagonals intersect in the origin.
nks ljy js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks nh xbZ js[kkvksa 6x2 – xy – y2 + x + 12y – 35 = 0 ls lekUrj prqHkqZt
cukrh gS ftlds fod.kZ ewy fcUnq ij izfrPNsn djrs gS
(A*) 6x2 – xy – y2 – x – 12y – 35 = 0 (B) 6x2 – xy – y2 – x – 12y + 35 = 0
(C) 6x2 – xy – y2 – x + 12y – 35 = 0 (D) 6x2 – xy – y2 + x – 12y – 35 = 0
x2 y2
19. The curve passing through the points of intersection of S1  2  2 – 1 = 0 and
a b

S2  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a pair of straight lines which are

(A*) equally inclined to the x - axis (B) perpendicular to each other

(C) parallel to each other (D) Not equally inclined to y-axis
x2 y2
S1  2  2 – 1= 0 ,oa S2  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ls xqtjusa okyk oØ ,d ljy
a b
js[kk ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS tksµ
(A*) x-v{k ls leku dksa.k ij >qdh gSA (B) ijLij yEcor gSA
(C) ,d nqljs ds lekUrj (D) y-v{k ls leku ugha >qdh gqbZ gSA

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
 a3 a2  3   b3 b2  3   c3 c2  3 
If the points   ,   and 
 c  1 c  1 
1. , , , are collinear for three distinct values a,
 a 1 a 1   b 1 b 1 
     
b, c and a  1, b  1 and c  1, then find the value of abc– (ab + bc + ac) + 3 (a + b + c).
 a3 a2  3   b3 b2  3   c3 c2  3 
;fn fcUnq  ,  ,  ,  rFkk  ,  rhu fHkUu&fHkUu ekuksa a, b o c ds fy;s lajs[kh;
 a 1 a 1   b 1 b 1   c 1 c 1 
gks rFkk a  1, b  1 o c  1, rks abc– (ab + bc + ac) + 3 (a + b + c) dk eku gS
Ans. 0

2. Find number of integral values of  if (,  + 1) is an interior points of ABC, where A  (0, 3), B  (–2,
0) and C  (6, 1).
;fn fcUnq (,  + 1) f=kHkqt ABC ds vanj fLFkr gks tgk¡ A  (0, 3), B  (–2, 0) o C  (6, 1) gS] rks  ds iw.kkZad
ekuksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2

3. Let ABC be a triangle such that the coordinates of the vertex A are (– 3, 1). Equation of the median
through B is 2x + y – 3 = 0 and equation of the angular bisector of C is 7x – 4y – 1 = 0. Find the slope of
line BC.
ekuk ABC ,d f=kHkqt gS ftlds 'kh"kZ A ds funsZ'kkad (– 3, 1) gSA B ls tkus okyh ekf/;dk dk lehdj.k
2x + y – 3 = 0 gS vkSj C ds dks.k v)Zd dk lehdj.k 7x – 4y – 1 = 0 gS rc js[kk BC dh izo.krk Kkr dhft,A

Ans. 18

4. A(3, 4), B(0, 0) and C(3, 0) are vertices of ABC. If 'P' is the point inside the ABC, such that d(P, BC)
 min. {d(P, AB), d (P, AC)}. Then the maximum of d (P, BC) is.
(where d(P, BC) represent distance between P and BC).
ABC ds 'kh"kZ A(3, 4), B(0, 0) vkSj C(3, 0) gSA ;fn ABC dk vkUrfjd fcUnq 'P' bl izdkj gS fd d(P, BC) 
min. {d(P, AB), d (P, AC)} rc d (P, BC) dk vf/kdre eku gS
(tgk¡ d(P, BC), P vkSj BC ds e/; nwjh dks O;Dr djrk gSA).
Ans. 1
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 Straight Line

5. Drawn from the origin are two mutually perpendicular straight lines forming an isosceles triangle
together with the straight line 2x + y = 5. Then find the area of the triangle.

ewy fcUnq ls nks ijLij yEcor~ ljy js[kk,¡] ljy js[kk 2x + y = 5 ds lkFk lef}ckgq f=kHkqt cukrs gq, [khaph tkrh
gS] rks f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy gS –
Ans. 5

6. On the straight line y = x + 2, a point (a, b) is such that the sum of the square of distances from the
straight lines 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 and 3x – y – 1 = 0 is least, then find value of 11 (a + b).
ljy js[kk y = x + 2 ij ,d fcUnq (a, b) bl izdkj gS fd fcUnq dh js[kkvksa 3x – 4y + 8 = 0 vkSj 3x – y – 1 = 0
ls nqfj;ksa ds oxksZ dk ;ksxQy U;wure gS rc 11 (a + b) dk eku Kkr dhft,.
Ans. 52

7. Parallelogram ABCD is cut by (2n –1) number of parallel lines in which one is diagnal AC. Distance
between any two nearest lines is same which is also equal to distance of B, D from respective nearest
1
line anong these. Ratio of area of smallest triangle so formed to area of parallelogram is . Find n.
32
lekUrj prqHkqZt ABCD dks (2n –1) lekUrj js[kkvksa ls dkVk tkrk gS ftlesa ls ,d js[kk fod.kZ AC gSA nks utnhd
js[kkvksa ds e/; nqjh cjkcj gS rFkk B, D bl js[kkvksa es ls utnhd js[kk dh nqjh ds cjkcj gS bl izdkj cus lcls
1
NksVs f=kHkqt dk lekUrj prqHkqZt ds {ks=kQy dk vuqikr gS rc n Kkr dhft,A
32

8. A is a variable point on x-axis and B(0,b) is a fixied point. A equilateral triangle ABC is
completed with vertex C away from origin. If the locus of the point C is x + y = b, then
2 + 2 is
,d pj fcUnq A, x va{k B(0,b) fu;r fcUnq gS ,d leckgq f=kHkqt ABC , ewy fcUnq ls nwj 'kh"kZ C ds }kjk iw.kZ fd;k
tkrk gSA ;fn fcUnq C dk fcUnqiFk x + y = b gks rks
2 + 2 dk eku gS &
Ans. 4
9. Two lines (L1 and L2) are drawn from point (, ) making an angle 450 with the lines
L3  x + y – f () = 0 and L4  x + y + f () = 0. L1 intersects L3 and L4 at A and B and L2
intersects L3 and L4 at C and D respectively (|2| > |f ()|). If the area of trapezium ABDC is
independent of . if f() = q , where  is a constant, then |q| is
nks js[kk,sa (L1 vkSj L2) fcUnq (, ) ls [khpha gS tks js[kkvksa L3  x + y – f () = 0 vkSj L4  x + y + f
() = 0. L1 ds lkFk 45º dk dks.k cukrhgSA js[kk L3 vkSj L4 dks A rFkk B ij izfrPNsn djrh gS rFkk L2
js[kk L3 vkSj L4 dks Øe'k% C vkSj D ij izfrPNsn djrh gS (|2| > |f ()|) leyEc prqHkZt ABDC dk
{ks=kQy  ls Loar=k gS rFkk f() = q gks rks |q| dk eku gS &
Ans. 1

10. The portion of the line ax + by – 1 = 0, intercepted between the lines ax + y + 1 = 0 and x + by = 0
subtends a right angle at the origin and the condition in a and b is a + b + b2 = 0, then find value of .
js[kkvksa ax + y + 1 = 0 vkSj x + by = 0 ds e/; vUr[kf.Mr js[kk ax + by – 1 = 0 dk Hkkx ewy fcUnq ij ledks.k
cukrh gS rFkk a vkSj b esa izfrcU/k a + b + b2 = 0 gS rc dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2

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 Straight Line

11. If the straight lines joining the origin and the points of intersection of the curve
5x2 + 12xy  6y2 + 4x  2y + 3 = 0 and x + ky  1 = 0 are equally inclined to the x-axis, then find the
value of | k |.
oØ 5x2 + 12xy  6y2 + 4x  2y + 3 = 0 ,oa js[kk x + ky  1 = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa dks ewy fcUnq ls feykus
okyh ljy js[kk,¡ x-v{k ls leku dks.k ij >qdh gqbZ gks] rks | k | dk eku gS&
Ans. 1

12. If the points of intersection of curves C1 = 4 y2 – x2  2x y  9 x + 3 and

C2 = 2 x2 + 3 y2  4 x y + 3 x 1 subtends a right angle at origin, then find the the value of .
;fn oØksa C1 = 4 y2 – x2  2x y  9 x + 3 ,oa C2 = 2 x2 + 3 y2  4 x y + 3 x 1 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ewy fcUnq ij
ledks.k vkUrfjr djrs gSa] rks  dk eku gS :
Ans. 19

13. A parallelogram is formed by the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 and the lines through (p, q) parallel to them
and the equation of the diagonal of the parallelogram which doesn’t pass through origin is
(x – p)(ap + hq) + (µy – q)(hp + bq) = 0, then find the value of 3 + µ3.
js[kkvksa ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 }kjk ,d lekUrj prqHkqZt cuk;k tkrk gS rFkk (p, q) ls xqtjusa okyh js[kk,sa muds
lekUrj gSA bl lekUrj prqHkqZt ds ewy fcUnq ls ugha xqtjusa okys fod.kZ dk lehdj.k (x – p)(ap + hq) + (µy –
q)(hp + bq) = 0, rc 3 + µ3 dk eku gS&
Ans. 16

14. The equation 9x3 + 9x2 y – 45x2 = 4y3 + 4xy2 – 20y2 represents 3 straight lines, two of which passes
through origin. Then find the area of the triangle formed by these lines
lehdj.k 9x3 + 9x2 y – 45x2 = 4y3 + 4xy2 – 20y2 rhu ljy js[kkvksa dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftles ls nks js[kk,sa ewy
fcUnq ls xqtjrh gSA rc mu ljy js[kkvksa ls cuus okys f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy gS&

Ans. 30

15. Let the integral points inside or on the boundary of region bounded by straight lines as shown in figure
is equal to k, then k  7 is equal to

fp=k esa n'kkZ;suqlkj ljy js[kkvksa ls ifjc} {ks=k esa vFkok js[kkvksa ij fLFkr iw.kkZ±d fcUnqvksa dh la[;k k ds cjkcj gS
rc k  7 cjkcj gS&

Ans. 18

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 Straight Line

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. Point P(2, 3) lies on the line 4x + 3y = 17. Then find the co-ordinates of points farthest from the line
which are at 5 units distance from the P.
fcUnq P(2, 3) js[kk 4x + 3y = 17 ij fLFkr gS rc fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft, tks P ls 5 bdkbZ nwjh ij fLFkr
gS rFkk bl js[kk ls vf/kdre nqjh ij gSA
(A*) (6, 6) (B) (6, –6) (C) (2, 0) (D*) (–2, 0)

2. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (2, 3) & making intercept of length
2 units between the lines y + 2x = 3 & y + 2x = 5.
fcUnq (2, 3) ls xqtjus okyh rFkk js[kkvksa y + 2x = 3 rFkk y + 2x = 5 ds e/; 2 bZdkbZ dk var%[k.M cukus okyh js[kk
dh lehdj.k gS&
(A) 3x – 4y = 18 (B*) x = 2 (C*) 3x + 4y = 18 (D) x + 2 = 0

3. In a triangle ABC, co-ordinates of A are (1, 2) and the equations to the medians through B and C are x
+ y = 5 and x = 4 respectively. Then the co-ordinates of B and C will be
,d f=kHkqt ABC esa 'kh"kZ A ds funsZ'kkad (1, 2) rFkk B ,oa C ls tkus okyh ekf/;dk¡,s Øe'k% x + y = 5 rFkk x = 4 gS]
rks B o C ds funsZ'kkad gksaxs &
(A) ( 2, 7), (4, 3) (B*) (7,  2), (4, 3) (C) (2, 7), ( 4, 3) (D) (2,  7), (3,  4)

4
4. A is a point on either of two rays y + 3 x= 2 at a distance of units from their point of
3
intersection. The coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from A on the bisector of the angle between
them is/are
4
y + 3 x= 2 }kjk iznf'kZr nks fdj.kksa esa ls fdlh fdj.k ij muds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls nwjh ij fcUnq A fLFkr
3
gSA bu fdj.kksa ds e/; ds dks.k v)Zd ij A ls Mkys x, yEc ds ikn ds funsZ'kkad gS &
 2   2 
(A)   , 2 (B*) (0, 0) (C)  , 2 (D) (0, 4)
 3   3 

5. If one side of a square is parallel to 3x – 4y = 0 & its area being 16 while centre being (1, 1), then find
equation of sides of square.
;fn oxZ dh ,d Hkqtk] js[kk 3x – 4y = 0 ds lekUrj rFkk bldk {ks=kQy 16 gSA tcfd dsUnz (1, 1) gSA rc oxZ dh
Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k gS&
(A*) 3x  4y + 11 = 0 (B*) 3x  4y  9 = 0 (C*) 4x + 3y + 3 = 0 (D*)4x + 3y  17 = 0

6. Find the equations of the sides of a triangle having (4, –1) as a vertex, if the lines
x – 1 = 0 and x – y – 1 = 0 are the equations of two internal bisectors of its angles.

ml f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa dh lehdj.k Kkr dhft,s ftldk ,d 'kh"kZ (4, –1) gS rFkk ftlds nks vkarfjd dks.k
lef}Hkktdksa dh lehdj.ksa x – 1 = 0 rFkk x – y – 1 = 0 gSA
(A*) 2x – y + 3 = 0 (B) x + 2y – 6 = 0 (C*) 2x + y – 7 = 0 (D*) x – 2y – 6 = 0

7. A straight line L with negative slope passes through the point (8, 2) and cuts the positive coordinate
axes at points P and Q, then the correct statement(s) among the following is/are (O is origin)
(A) The absolute minimum value of OP + OQ, where O is origin is 18 2
(B*) Minimum area of OPQ is 32
(C*) The absolute minimum value of OP + OQ, where O is origin is 18
 1 
(D*) Area of OPQ is minimum for slope   .
 4 

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_.kkRed izo.krk dh ,d ljy js[kk L fcUnq (8, 2) ls xqtjrh gS rFkk /kukRed funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks P rFkk Q ij
dkVrh gSA rc fuEu esa ls dkSuls lgh dFku gS (tgk¡ O ewy fcUnq gSA)
(A) OP + OQ dk U;wure fujis{k eku 18 2 gS tgk¡ O ewyfcUnq gSA
(B*) OPQ dk U;wure {ks=kQy 32 gSA
(C*) OP + OQ dk fujis{k eku 18 gS tgk¡ O ewyfcUnq gSA
 1 
(D*) OPQ ds {ks=kQy U;wure ds fy, izo.krk   gSA
 4 

8. The equation of the diagonals of a rectangle are y + 8x – 17 = 0 and y – 8x + 7 = 0. If the area of the
rectangle is 8 sq. units, find the equation of the sides of the rectangle.
vk;r ds fod.kksZ dh lehdj.k y + 8x – 17 = 0 vkSj y – 8x + 7 = 0 gSA ;fn vk;r dk {ks=kQy 8 oxZ bdkbZ gS rks
vk;r dh Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
(A*) y = 1 (B*) y = 9 (C*) x = 1 (D*) x = 2.

9. Two adjacent sides of a rhombus are 2x + 3y = a – 5 and 3x + 2y = 4 – 2a and its diagonals

intersect at the point (1, 2), then a can be –
leprqHkqZt dh nks vklUu Hkqtk,sa 2x + 3y = a – 5 vkSj 3x + 2y = 4 – 2a gS rFkk blds fod.kZ fcUnq (1, 2), ij
izfrPNsn djrs gS rc a gks ldrk gS
10 10
(A*) – 16 (B) 16 (C) – (D*)
3 3
10. A line L1  3y  2x  6 = 0 is rotated about its point of intersection with yaxis in clockwise
49
direction to make it L2 such that the area formed by L1, L2, xaxis and line x = 5 is sq units
3
if its point of intersection with x = 5 lies below x–axis then points lying on the equation of L 2
are
,d js[kk L1  3y  2x  6 = 0 dks yv{k dks blds izfrPNsn fcUnq ds lkis{k nf{k.kkoÙkZ fn'kk ds
lkis{k ?kqek;k tkrk gSA tks bls L2 js[kk dh fn'kk esa gS bl izdkj gS fd L1, L2, xv{k vkSj js[kk
49
x = 5 ls ifjc} {ks=kQy oxZ bZdkbZ gS ;fn blds x = 5 ds lkFk izfrPNsn fcUnq] x–va{k ds uhps
3
fLFkr gS rc L2 js[kk ds lehdj.k ij fLFkr fcUnq gSA

(A*) (3, – 1) (B) (4,2) (C*) (1,1) (D) (3,3)

11. Let D(x4, y4) be a point such that ABCD is a square & M & P are the midpoints of the sides BC & CD
respectively, then
(A*) Ratio of the areas of AMP and the square is 3 : 8
(B) Ratio of the areas of MCP & AMD is 1 : 1
(C*) Ratio of the areas of ABM & ADP is 1 : 1
(D) Ratio of the areas of the quandrilateral AMCP and the square is 1 : 3

ekuk D(x4, y4) dksbZ fcUnq bl izdkj gS fd ABCD ,d oxZ gS vkSj M rFkk P, Øe'k% Hkqtkvksa BC rFkk CD ds e/;
fcUnq gS] rks
(A*) AMP ,oa oxZ ds {ks=kQyksa dk vuqikr 3 : 8 gksxkA
(B) MCP rFkk AMD ds {ks=kQyksa dk vuqikr 1 : 1 gksxkA
(C*) ABM ,oa ADP ds {ks=kQyksa dk vuqikr 1 : 1 gksxkA
(D) prqHkqZt AMCP ,oa oxZ ds {ks=kQyksa dk vuqikr 1 : 3 gksxkA

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12. The equations of perpendicular of the sides AB & AC of  ABC are x  y  4 = 0 and
3 5
2x  y  5 = 0 respectively. If the vertex A is ( 2, 3) and circumcenter is  ,  , then which of the
2 2
following is true.
(A) equation of median of side AB is x – y + 1 = 0
(B) centroid of triangle ABC is (3, 1)
(C*) vertex C is (4, 0)
(D) Area of triangle ABC is 12.
f=kHkqt ABC dh Hkqtkvksa AB o AC ds yEcor~ js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k Øe'k% x  y  4 = 0 rFkk 2x  y  5 = 0 gSA
;fn 'kh"kZ A( 2, 3) gks rFkk yEc lef}Hkktdksa dk izfrPNsnu fcUnq  ,  gks rks fuEu esa ls dkSuls lgh gS&
3 5
2 2
(A) Hkqtk AB dh ekf/;dk dk lehdj.k x – y + 1 = 0 gSA
(B) f=kHkqt ABC dk dsUnzd (3, 1) gSA
(C*) 'kh"kZ C (4, 0) gSA
(D) ABC dk {ks=kQy 12 gSA.

13. Triangle ABC lies in the cartesian plane and has an area of 70 sq. units. The coordinates of B and C
are (12, 19) and (23, 20) respecitvely and the coordinates of A are (p, q). The median to the side BC
has slope – 5, then which can be corrected.
dkrhZ; lery esa f=kHkqt ABC fLFkr gS ftldk {ks=kQy 70 oxZ bdkbZ gSA B rFkk C ds funsZ'kkad Øe'k% (12, 19) vkSj
(23, 20) gS vkSj A ds funsZ'kkad (p, q) gS rc Hkqtk BC dh ekf/;dk dh izo.krk – 5 gSA rc fuEu esa ls dkSuls lgh
gS&
(A*) p + q = 47 (B*) p + q = 27 (C) p – q = 17 (D*) p – q = 13

14. All the points lying on or inside the triangle formed by the points (1, 3), (5, 6) and (–1, 2) satisfy

og lHkh fcUnq (x, y) tks fcUnqvksa (1, 3), (5, 6) rFkk (–1, 2) ls cuus okys f=kHkqt ij ;k f=kHkqt ds vUnj fLFkr gS]
fuEu lEcU/k dks larq"V djsaxs&
(A*) 3x + 2y 0 (B*) 2x + y + 1  0 (C) 2x + 3y – 12  0 (D*) 2x + 11  0

15. A  (4, 2) and B  (2, 4) are two given points and a point P on the line 3x + 2y + 10 = 0 is given then
which of the following is/are true.
 14 4 
(A*) (PA + PB) is minimum when P  ,
 5 5 
 14 4 
(B) (PA + PB) is maximum when P  ,
 5 5 
(C*) |PA – PB | is maximum when P(– 22, 28)
(D) (PA – PB) is minimum when P(– 22, 28).

A  (4, 2) vkSj B  (2, 4) nks fn, x, fcUnq gS rFkk fcUnq P js[kk 3x + 2y + 10 = 0 ij fLFkr gS rc fuEu esa ls
dkSuls lR; gS&
 14 4   14 4 
(A*) (PA + PB) U;wure gS tc P  , (B) (PA + PB) vf/kdre gS tc P  ,
 5 5   5 5 
(C*) |PA – PB | vf/kdre gS tc P(– 22, 28) (D) (PA – PB) U;wure gS tc P(– 22, 28).
 14 4 
Ans. (i)  – ,–  (ii) (–22, 28)
 5 5

16. A line passing through P = ( 3, 0 ) and making an angle of 60° with positive direction of x-axis cuts the
parabola y2 = x + 2 at A and B, then :

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,d ljy js[kk fcUnq P = ( 3, 0 ) ls xqtjrh gS vkSj /kukRed x-v{k ls 60° dk dks.k cukrh gS tks ijoy; y2 = x +
2 dks fcUnq A o B ij dkVrh gS] rks :
2 2
(A) PA + PB = (B*) |PA – PB| =
3 3
4(2  3 ) 1 1 2 3
(C*) (PA) (PB) = (D) + =
3 PA PB 2

17. Let u  ax + by + a 3 b = 0, v  bx  ay + b 3 b = 0, where a, b  R be two straight lines, then find the

equations of the bisectors of the angles formed by k1u  k2v = 0 & k1u + k2v = 0 for non zero real k1 & k2
are :
ekuk nks js[kk,¡ u  ax + by + a 3 b = 0 ,oa v  bx  ay + b 3 b = 0, tgk¡ a, b  R gSA v'kwU; okLrfod
la[;kvksa k1 ,oa k2 ds fy, k1u  k2v = 0 ,oa k1u + k2v = 0 ls cus dks.kksa ds v/kZdksa ds lehdj.k gS &
(A*) u = 0 (B) k2u + k1v = 0 (C) k2u  k1v = 0 (D*) v = 0

18. The sides of a triangle are the straight line x + y = 1, 7y = x and 3 y + x = 0. Then which of the
following is an interior points of triangle ?
(A) circumcentre (B*) centroid (C*) incentre (D) orthocentre
,d f=kHkqt dh Hkqtkvksa dh lehdj.ksa x + y = 1, 7y = x rFkk 3 y + x = 0 gS] rks fuEu esa ls dkSu lk ¼dkSu&ls½ fcUnq
f=kHkqt ds vUnj fLFkr gS &
(A) ifjdsUnz (B*) dsUnzd (C*) vUr%dsUnz (D) yEcdsanz

19. The line ‘1’ passing through the point (1, 1) and the ‘2’ passes through the point (– 1, 1). If the
difference of the slope of lines is 2. Find the locus of the point of intersection of the 1 and 2.
js[kk ‘1’, fcUnq (1, 1) ls xqtjrh gS rFkk js[kk ‘2’ fcUnq (– 1, 1) ls xqtjrh gS ;fn js[kkvksa dh izo.krkvksa dk vUrj 2
gS rc 1 vkSj 2 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A
(A*) x2 = y (B*) y = 2 – x2 (C) y2 = x (D) x = 2 – y2

20. The two lines pairs y2 – 4y + 3 = 0 and x 2 + 4xy + 4y2 – 5x – 10y + 4 = 0 enclose a 4 sided convex
polygon, then the correct statement among the following is/are
(A*) Area of polygon is 6 (B*) Length of its diagonals are 5 & 53
(C) Point of intersection of diagonals is (– 2, 2) (D*) Polygon is parallelogram.
nks js[kkvks ds ;qXe y2 – 4y + 3 = 0 vkSj x2 + 4xy + 4y2 – 5x – 10y + 4 = 0, pkj Hkqtkvksa ds mÙky cgqHkqt dk
fuekZ.k djrs gS rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lgh gSA
(A*) cgqHkqt dk {ks=kQy 6 gSA (B*) blds fod.kksZ dh yEckbZ 5 vkSj 53 gSA
(C) fod.kksZ ds izfrPNsn fcUnq (– 2, 2) gSA (D*) cgqHkqt lekUrj prqHkqZt gSA

21. If the distance between the lines represented 9x 2 - 24xy + 16y2 + k(6x - 8y) = 0 is 4, then k may be
;fn 9x2 - 24xy + 16y2 + k(6x - 8y) = 0 ls fu:fir js[kkvksa ds e/; nqjh 4 gS rc k gks ldrk gS&
(A) 3 (B*) 10 (C*) –10 (D) 7

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehenssion # 1 (Q. NO. 1 to 3)
Let ABC be an acute angled triangle and AD, BE and CF are its medians, where E and F are the points
(3, 4) and (1, 2) respectively and centroid of  ABC is G(3, 2), then answer the following questions :
1. The equation of side AB is
(A*) 2x + y = 4 (B) x + y – 3 = 0 (C) 4x – 2y = 0 (D) none of these

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2. Co-ordinates of D are
(A) (7, –4) (B*) (5, 0) (C) (7, 4) (D) (– 3, 0)

3. Height of altitude drawn from point A is (in units)

(A) 4 2 (B) 3 2 (C*) 6 2 (D) 2 3

vuqPNsn # 1 (Q. No. 1 to 3)

ekukfd ABC ,d U;wudks.k f=kHkqt gS rFkk AD, BE rFkk CF bldh ekf/;dk,¡ gS tgk¡ E rFkk F Øe'k% fcUnq (3, 4) vkSj
(1, 2) gS rFkk f=kHkqt ABC dk dsUnzd G(3, 2) gS] rks fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A

1. Hkqtk AB dk lehdj.k gS &

(A*) 2x + y = 4 (B) x + y – 3 = 0 (C) 4x – 2y = 0 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

2. D ds funsZ'kkad gS &
(A) (7, –4) (B*) (5, 0) (C) (7, 4) (D) (– 3, 0)

3. fcUnq A ls Mkys x;s 'kh"kkZfHkyEc dh Å¡pkbZ (bdkbZ esa) gS &

(A) 4 2 (B) 3 2 (C*) 6 2 (D) 2 3
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 4 to 6)

Given two straight lines AB and AC whose equations are 3x + 4y = 5 and 4x – 3y = 15 respectively.
Then the possible equation of line BC through (1, 2), such that ABC is isosceles, is L1 = 0 or L2 = 0,
then answer the following questions

4. If L1  ax + by + c = 0 & L2  dx + ey + f = 0 where a, b, c, d, e, f  I, and a, b, d, f > 0 and HCF(a, b) =

HCF(d, f) = 1, then c + f =

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D*) 4

5. A straight line through P(2, c + f – 1), inclined at an angle of 60° with positive Y-axis in clockwise
direction. The co-ordinates of one of the points on it at a distance (c + f) units from point P is (c, f
obtained from previous question)
(A*) (2 + 2 3 , 5) (B) (3 + 2 3 , 3) (C) (2 + 3 3 , 4) (D) (2 + 3 3 , 3)

6. If (a, b) is the co-ordinates of the point obtained in previous question, then the equation of line which is
at the distance |b – 2a – 1| units from origin and make equal intercept on co-ordinate axes in first
quadrant, is
(A) x + y + 4 6 = 0 (B) x + y + 2 6 = 0 (C*) x + y – 4 6 = 0 (D) x + y – 2 6 = 0

vuqPNsn # 2 (Q. No. 4 to 6)

nks ljy js[kk,¡ AB rFkk AC ftudh lehdj.ksa Øe'k% 3x + 4y = 5 vkSj 4x – 3y = 15 gS] rks fcUnq (1, 2) ls xqtjus
okyh js[kk BC dh lEHkkfor lehdj.k] tcfd ABC lef}ckgq gS] L1 = 0 ;k L2 = 0 gS] rks fuEufyf[kr iz'ukas ds
mÙkj nhft,A

4. ;fn L1  ax + by + c = 0 rFkk L2  dx + ey + f = 0 tgk¡ a, b, c, d, e, f  I, rFkk a, b, d, f > 0 o e-l-i- (a, b) =

e-l-i- (d, f) = 1, rc c + f =
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D*) 4
5. ,d ljy js[kk fcUnq P(2, c + f – 1) ls xqtjrh gS rFkk /kukRed y-v{k ls nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk esa 60° dk dks.k cukrh
gS] rks bl js[kk ij fcUnq P ls (c + f) bdkbZ nwjh ij ,d fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad gksxsA (c, f iqoZ iz'u ls izkIr eku gS)
(A*) (2 + 2 3 , 5) (B) (3 + 2 3 , 3)
(C) (2 + 3 2 , 4) (D) (2 + 3 2 , 3)

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6. ;fn mijksDr iz'u esa izkIr fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad (a, b) gS] rks ml js[kk dk lehdj.k tks ewyfcUnq ls
|b – 2a – 1| bdkbZ nwjh ij gS vkSj izFke prqFkk±'k esa funs'Z kh v{kksa ij leku vUr%[k.M dkVrh gSa] gS&
(A) x + y + 4 6 = 0 (B) x + y + 2 6 = 0 (C*) x + y – 4 6 = 0 (D) x + y – 2 6 = 0

Comprehension # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)
p1 p2 1
1
If vertices of triangle are P(p1, p2), Q(q1, q2), R(r1, r2), then area of PQR = q1 q2 1 and if P, Q, R
2
r1 r1 1
p1 p2 1
are collinear, then q1 q2 1 = 0.
r1 r1 1
On the basis of above answer the following question.

7. If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of the triangle then find equation of median through A.
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(A) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1 = 0. (B*) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1  0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
x y 1 x y 1
(C) x1 y1 1  x3 y3 1 = 0 (D) None of these
x2 y2 1 x1 y1 1

8. If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of the triangle then find equation of line through A and
parallel to BC
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(A*) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1 = 0. (B) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1  0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(C) x2 y2 1  x3 y3 1 = 0 (D) x1 y1 1  x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 x1 y1 1

9. If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of the triangle then find the equation of internal angle
bisector through A
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(A) b x1 y1 1  c x1 y1 1 = 0 (B) c x1 y1 1  b x1 y1 1 =0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1

x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(C*) b x1 y1 1  c x1 y1 1 = 0 (D) c x1 y1 1  b x1 y1 1 = 0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1

Hindi vuqPNsn # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)

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p1 p2 1
1
;fn f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ P(p1, p2), Q(q1, q2), R(r1, r2) rc PQR dk {ks=kQy = q1 q2 1 vkSj P, Q, R lajs[k gS
2
r1 r1 1
p1 p2 1
rc q1 q2 1 = 0. bl vk/kkj ij fuEu iz'uksa dk mÙkj nhft,
r1 r1 1

7. ;fn A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ gS rc A ls tkus okyh ekf/;dk dk lehdj.k gS& .
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(A) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1 = 0. (B*) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1  0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
x y 1 x y 1
(C) x1 y1 1  x3 y3 1 = 0 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA
x2 y2 1 x1 y1 1

8. ;fn A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) f=kHkqt ds rhu 'kh"kZ gS rc A ls tkus okyh BC ds lekUrj js[kk dk lehdj.k gS&
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(A*) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1 = 0. (B) x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1  0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(C) x2 y2 1  x3 y3 1 = 0 (D) x1 y1 1  x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1 x2 y2 1 x1 y1 1

9. ;fn A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ gS rc A ls tkus okys vkUrjhd dks.k v}Zd dk lehdj.k gS&
x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(A) b x1 y1 1  c x1 y1 1 = 0 (B) c x1 y1 1  b x1 y1 1 =0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1

x y 1 x y 1 x y 1 x y 1
(C*) b x1 y1 1  c x1 y1 1 = 0 (D) c x1 y1 1  b x1 y1 1 = 0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1

Comprehension (10 & 11)

Origin of coordinate system xy is shifted to (h, k) to make new coordinate system XY. X and Y are
parallel to x and y. New co-ordinates of point P(x, y) are P(X, Y). x, y, X, Y are related as given below.
xy funsZ'kkad i)fr ds ewy fcUnq dks (h, k) ls LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk u;k funsZ'kkad i)fr XY cuk;h tkrh
gSA X vkSj Y, x vkSj y ds lekUrj fcUnq gS P(x, y) ds u;s funsZ'kkad P(X, Y) gSA x, y, X, Y fuEu rjg ls lEcfU/kr gS
X=x–h
Y=y–K

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 Straight Line

Y
y
X P(x, y)  (X, Y)

y Y

X
(h, k)

x
x

10. Co-ordinates of (–7, 9) if origin is shifted to (2, 4) without changing direction of axes, are
(–7, 9) ds funsZ'kkad gS ;fn v{kksa dh fn'kk dks ifjofrZr fd, fcuk ewy fcUnq dks (2, 4) ls LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tkrk
gSA
(A) (–5,13) (B) (–7,4) (C*) (–9,5) (D) (–9,13)

11. If co-ordinate axes are so translated such that ordinate of (4, 12) becomes zero while abscissa remains
same. Then new coordinates of point (–8, –2) are
;fn funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks bl izdkj :ikUrfjr fd;k tkrk gS fd (4, 12) dh dksfV 'kwU; gks tkrh gS tcfd Hkqt leku
jgrk gSA fcUnq (–8, –2) ds u;s funsZ'kkad gS &
(A) (–8, 14) (B) (–8, 10) (C*) (–8, –14) (D) (–8, –10)

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -

1. Let O(0, 0), P(3, 4), Q(6, 0) be the vertices of the triangle OPQ. The point R inside the triangle OPQ is
such that the triangles OPR, PQR, OQR are of equal area. The co-ordinates of R are
[IIT -JEE - 2007, P-II, (3, – 1), 81]
ekuk fd O(0, 0), P(3, 4), Q(6, 0) f=kHkqt OPQ ds 'kh"kZfcUnq (vertices) gSaA R f=kHkqt OPQ dk vanj ,d ,slk fcUnq
gS fd f=kHkqtksa OPR, PQR, OQR ds {ks=kQy cjkcj gSA R ds funsZ'kkad (co-ordinates) gSa &
[IIT -JEE - 2007, P-II, (3, – 1), 81]
 4   2   4  4 2
(A)  , 3  (B)  3,  (C*)  3,  (D)  , 
3   3  3 3 3

2. Lines L1 : y – x = 0 and L2 : 2x + y = 0 intersect the line L3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q, respectively. The

bisector of the acute angle between L1 and L2 intersects L3 at R.
[IIT -JEE - 2007, P-II, (3, – 1), 81]

STATEMENT – 1 : The ratio PR : RQ equals 2 2 : 5 .

because
STATEMENT – 2 : In any triangle, bisector of an angle divides the triangle into two similar triangles.
(A) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True; Statement - 2 is a correct explanation for
Statement - 1

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 Straight Line

(B) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True; Statement - 2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement - 1
(C*) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is False
(D) Statement - 1 is False, Statement - 2 is True
js[kk;sa L1 : y – x = 0 rFkk L2 : 2x + y = 0 js[kk L3 : y + 2 = 0 dks Øe'k% P rFkk Q ij dkVrh gSA L1 rFkk
L2 ds chp ds U;wudks.k (acute angle) dk lef}Hkktd (bisector) L3 dks R ij dkVrk gSA
oDrO; - 1 : PR : RQ dk vuqikr 2 2 : 5 gSA [IIT-JEE - 2007, P-II, (3, – 1), 81]
D;ksafd
oDrO; - 2 : fdlh Hkh f=kHkqt ds ,d dks.k dk lef}Hkktd f=kHkqt dks nks le:i (similar) f=kHkqtksa esa foHkkftr djrk
gSA
(A) oDrO;-1 lR; gS] oDrO;-2 lR; gS( oDrO;-2 oDrO;-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSaA
(B) oDrO;-1 lR; gS] oDrO;-2 lR; gS( oDrO;-2 oDrO;-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSaA
(C) oDrO;-1 lR; gS] oDrO;-2 vlR; gSA
(D) oDrO;-1 vlR; gS] oDrO;-2 lR; gSA

3. Consider three points [IIT -JEE - 2008, P-II, (3, – 1), 81]
P = (– sin ( – ), – cos ), Q = (cos( – ), sin ) and R = (cos ( –  + ), sin ( – )), where

0 < ,  ,  < . Then,
4
(A) P lies on the line segment RQ (B) Q lies on the line segment PR
(C) R lies on the line segment QP (D*) P, Q, R are non-collinear
rhu fcUnq yhft;s P = (– sin ( – ), – cos ), Q = (cos( – ), sin ) rFkk R = (cos ( –  + ), sin ( – )),

tgk¡ 0 < ,  ,  < gSA rks [IIT -JEE - 2008, P-II, (3, – 1), 81]
4
(A) P js[kk[k.M RQ ij gS (B) Q js[kk[k.M PR ij gS
(C) R js[kk[k.M QP ij gS (D) P, Q, R vlajs[k gSa

4. The locus of the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines [IIT -JEE - 2009, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
(1 + p) x – py + p (1 + p) = 0, (1 + q) x – qy + q(1 + q) = 0 and y = 0, where p  q, is
(A) a hyperbola (B) a parabola (C) an ellipse (D*) a straight line
js[kkvksa (1 + p) x – py + p (1 + p) = 0, (1 + q) x – qy + q(1 + q) = 0 ,oa y = 0 tgk¡ p  q ls cus f=kHkqt ds
yEc&dsUnz dk fcUnqiFk gS – [IIT-JEE - 2009, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
(A) vfrijoy; (B) ijoy; (C) nh?kZo`Ùk (D) ,d ljy js[kk

5. A straight line L through the point (3, –2) is inclined at an angle 60º to the line 3 x  y  1. If L also
intersects the x-axis, then the equation of L is
,d ljy js[kk L fcUnq (3, –2) ls xqtjrh gS] vkSj js[kk 3 x  y  1 ls 60º dks.k ij >qdh gSA ;fn L, x- v{k dks Hkh
izfrPNsn djrh gS js[kk y = 0 dks dkVrh gS] rks L dk lehdj.k gS [IIT -JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
(A) y + 3x+2–3 3=0 (B*) y – 3x+2+3 3 =0
(C) 3 y – x + 3 + 2 3 = 0 (D) 3y+x–3+2 3 =0
Ans. (B)

6. For a > b > c > 0, the distance between (1, 1) and the point of intersection of the lines ax + by + c = 0
and bx + ay + c = 0 is less than 2 2 . Then [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
a > b > c > 0 ds fy, (1, 1) rFkk js[kkvksa ax + by + c = 0 o bx + ay + c = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ds chp dh nwjh
2 2 ls de gS] rc
(A) a + b – c > 0(B) a – b + c < 0 (C) a – b + c > 0 (D) a + b – c < 0
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 Straight Line

7. For a point P in the plane, let d 1 (P) and d 2 (P) be the distance of the point P f rom the
lines x – y = 0 and x + y = 0 respectiv ely. The area of the region R consi sting of all
points P lying in the first quadrant of the plane and satisf ying 2 d 1 (P) + d 2 (P)  4, is

lery es a fLFkr fdlh fcUnq P ls js [ kkvks a x – y = 0 rFkk x + y = 0 dh nw j h Øe'k% d 1 (P) rFkk

d 2 (P) gS A ;fn {ks = k R mu lHkh fcUnq v ks a P ls cuk gS tks iz F ke prq F kk± ' k (quadrant) es a fLFkr gS
rFkk 2 d 1 (P) + d 2 (P)  4 dks la r q " V djrs gS ] rc {ks = k R dk {ks = kQy gS A
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
Ans. (6)

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. The lines p(p2 + 1) x – y + q = 0 and (p2 + 1)2 x + (p2 + 1) y + 2q = 0 are perpendicular to a common line
for: [AIEEE - 2009 (4, –1), 144]

(1*) exactly one value of p (2) exactly two values of p

(3) more than two values of p (4) no value of p
ljy js[kk,sa p(p2 + 1) x – y + q = 0 rFkk (p2 + 1)2 x + (p2 + 1) y + 2q = 0 fdlh ,d mHk;fu"B js[kk ds yEcor gS
& a[AIEEE - 2009 (4, –1), 144]
(1*) p ds Bhd ,d eku ds fy;s (2) p ds Bhd nks ekuksa ds fy;s
(3) p ds nks ls vf/kd ekuksa ds fy;s (4) p ds fdlh eku ds fy;s ugh

2. Three distinct points A, B and C are given in the 2-dimensional coordinate plane such that the ratio of
1
the distance of any one of them from the point (1, 0) to the distance from the point (–1, 0) is equal to .
3
Then the circumcentre of the triangle ABC is at the point : [AIEEE - 2009 (4, –1), 144]
f}foe funsZ'kh ry esa rhu fHkUu fcUnq A, B o C bl izdkj gS fd buesa fdlh Hkh fcUnq dh fcUnqvksa (1, 0) o (–1, 0) ls
1
nwjh;ksa dk vuqikr gS rks f=kHkqt ABC dk ifjdsanz gS & [AIEEE - 2009 (4, –1), 144]
3
5  5  5 
(1*)  , 0  (2)  , 0  (3)  , 0  (4) 0, 0
 4   2   3 

x y
3. The line L given by  = 1 passes through the point (13, 32). The line K is parallel to L and has the
5 b
x y
equation  = 1. Then the distance between L and K is [AIEEE - 2010 (8, –2), 144]
c 3
x y
 = 1 }kjk fu:fir js[kk L, fcUnq (13, 32) ls gksdj tkrh gSA js[kk K, js[kk L ds lekUrj gS rFkk mldk
5 b
x y
lehdj.k  = 1 gSA rks L rFkk K ds chp dh nwjh gS& [AIEEE - 2010 (8, –2), 144]
c 3
17 23 23
(1) 17 (2) (3*) (4)
15 17 15
Ans. (3)

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 Straight Line

4. The line L1 : y – x = 0 and L2 : 2x + y = 0 intersect the line L3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q respectively. The

bisector of the acute angle between L1 and L2 intersects L3 at R. [AIEEE - 2011, I(4, –1), 120]
Statement-1 : The ratio PR : RQ equals 2 2 : 5
Statement-2 : In any triangle, bisector of an angle divides the triangle into two similar triangles.
(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement-2 is correct explanation for Statement-1
(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3*) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
js[kk L1 : y – x = 0 rFkk L2 : 2x + y = 0, js[kk L3 : y + 2 = 0 dks Øe'k% P rFkk Q ij izfrPNsn djrs gSaA L1 rFkk L2
ds chp dk U;wu dks.k lef}Hkktd L3 dks R ij dkVrk gSA [AIEEE - 2011, I(4, –1), 120]
dFku-1 : vuqikr PR : RQ, 2 2 : 5 ds cjkcj gSA
dFku-2 : fdlh Hkh f=kHkqt esa] ,d dks.k dk lef}Hkktd f=kHkqt dks nks le:i f=kHkqtksa esa ckaVrk gSA
(1) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA dFku-2, dFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
(2) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA dFku-2, dFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(3*) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 vlR; gSA
(4) dFku-1 vlR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA

5. The lines x + y = | a | and ax – y = 1 intersect each other in the first quadrant. Then the set of all
possible values of a is the interval : [AIEEE - 2011, II(4, –1), 120]
js[kk,sa x + y = | a | rFkk ax – y = 1 izFke prqFkkZ'k esa izfrPNsn djrh gSa rks a ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuksa dk vUrjky gS %
[AIEEE - 2011, II(4, –1), 120]
(1) (0, ) (2*) [1, ) (3) (–1, ) (4) (–1, 1]

6. If A(2, –3) and B(–2, 1) are two vertices of a triangle and third vertex moves on the line 2x + 3y = 9 ,
then the locus of the centroid of the triangle is : [AIEEE - 2011, II(4, –1), 120]
;fn ,d f=kHkqt ds nks 'kh"kZ A(2, –3) rFkk B(–2, 1) gS rFkk rhljk 'kh"kZ js[kk 2x + 3y = 9 ij xfr (moves) djrk gS
rks f=kHkqt ds dsUnzd dk fcUnqiFk gS %
(1) x – y = 1 (2*) 2x + 3y = 1 (3) 2x + 3y = 3 (4) 2x – 3y = 1

7. If the line 2x + y = k passes through the point which divides the line segment joining the points (1, 1)
and (2, 4) in the ratio 3 : 2, then k equals : [AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
;fn js[kk 2x + y = k ml fcanq ls gksdj tkrh gS] tks fcanqvksa (1, 1) rFkk (2, 4) dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks 3 : 2 ds
vuqikr esa ckaVrk gS] rks k dk eku gS&
29 11
(1) (2) 5 (3*) 6 (4)
5 5

8. A line is drawn through the point (1, 2) to meet the coordinate axes at P and Q such that it forms a
triangle OPQ, where O is the origin. if the area of the triangle OPQ is least, then the slope of the line
PQ is : [AIEEE-2012, (4, –1)/120]
fcanq (1, 2) ls gksdj tkrh ,d js[kk bl izdkj [khaph xbZ gS fd og funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks P rFkk Q ij izfrPNsn dj
f=kHkqt OPQ cukrh gS] tgk¡ O ewy fcanq gSA ;fn f=kHkqt OPQ dk {ks=kQy U;wure gS rks js[kk PQ dh izo.krk gS :
1 1
(1) – (2) – 4 (3*) – 2 (4) –
4 2

9. A ray of light along x + 3 y  3 gets reflected upon reaching x-axis, the equation of the reflected ray
is
x + 3 y  3 dh fn'kk esa tkrh gqbZ ,d izdk'k dh fdj.k x-v{k ij igq¡p dj ijkofrZr gks tkrh gSA bl ijkofrZr
fdj.k dk lehdj.k gS& [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),360]
(1) y = x + 3 (2*) 3yx– 3 (3) y = 3x– 3 (4) 3 y  x –1
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 Straight Line

10. The x-coordinate of the incentre of the triangle that has the coordinates of mid points of its sides as
(0, 1) (1, 1) and (1, 0) is : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),360]
,d f=kHkqt] ftldh Hkqtkvksa ds e/; fcUnqvksa ds funsZ'kkad (0, 1) (1, 1) rFkk (1, 0) gSa] ds var% dsUnz dk x-funsZ'kkad gS
:
(1) 2 + 2 (2*) 2 – 2 (3) 1 + 2 (4) 1 – 2
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),360]

11. Let PS be the median of the triangle with vertices P(2, 2), Q (6, – 1), and R (7, 3). The equation of the
line passing through (1, – 1) and parallel to PS is : [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
ekuk PS ,d f=kHkqt dh ekf/;dk gS ftlds 'kh"kZ P(2, 2), Q (6, – 1), rFkk R (7, 3) gSA (1, – 1) ls gksdj tkus okyh
js[kk tks PS ds lekarj gS] dk lehdj.k gS : [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 4x + 7y + 3 = 0 (2) 2x – 9y – 11 = 0 (3) 4x – 7y – 11 = 0 (4*) 2x + 9y + 7 = 0

12. Let a, b, c and d be non-zero numbers. If the point of intersection of the lines 4ax + 2ay + c = 0 and
5bx + 2by + d = 0 lies in the fourth quadrant and is equidistant from the two axes then :
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
ekuk a, b, c rFkk d 'kwU;srj la[;k,¡ gSA ;fn js[kkvksa 4ax + 2ay + c = 0 rFkk 5bx + 2by + d = 0 dk izfrPNsn fcanq
PkkSFks prqFkkZa'k esa gS rFkk nksuksa v{kksa ls lenwjLFk gS] rks : [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1*) 3bc – 2ad = 0 (2) 3bc + 2ad = 0 (3) 2bc – 3ad = 0 (4) 2bc + 3ad = 0

13. The number of points, having both co-ordinates as integers, that lie in the interior of the triangle with
vertices (0, 0), (0, 41) and (41, 0) is [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 901 (2) 861 (3) 820 (4) 780
f=kHkqt] ftlds 'kh"kZ (0, 0), (0, 41) rFkk (41, 0) gSa] ds vkarfjd Hkkx esa fLFkr mu fcUnqvksa dh la[;k ftuds nksuksa
funsZ'kkad iw.kk±d gS] gS& [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 901 (2) 861 (3) 820 (4*) 780

14. Two sides of a rhombus are along the lines, x – y + 1 = 0 and 7x – y – 5 = 0. if its diagonals intersect at
(–1, –2), then which one of the following is a vertex of this rhombus ? [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
;fn ,d leprqHkZt dh nks Hkqtk,¡] js[kkvksa x – y + 1 = 0 rFkk 7x –y –5 = 0 dh fn'kk esa gSa rFkk blds fod.kZ fcanq
(–1, –2) ij izfrPNsn djrs gS] rks bl leprqHkqZt dk fuEu esa ls dkSu&lk 'kh"kZ gS \
1 8  10 7
(1) (–3, –8) (2*)  3 ,– 3  (3)  – 3 ,– 3  (4) (–3, –9)

15. Let k be an integer such that the triangle with vertices (k, –3k), (5, k) and (–k, 2) has area 28 sq. units.
Then the orthocentre of this triangle is at the point : [JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]

ekuk k ,d ,slk iw.kkZd gS fd f=kHkqt] ftlds 'kh"kZ (k, –3k), (5, k) rFkk (–k, 2) gS dk {ks=kQy 28 oxZ bdkbZ gS] rks
f=kHkqt ds yacdsUnz ftl fcanq ij gS] og gS: [JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]

 1  3  3  1
(1)  2,   (2)  1,  (3)  1,   (4*)  2, 
 2   4  4  2

16. A straight line through a fixed point (2,3) intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points P and Q. If O
is the origin and the rectangle OPRQ is completed, then the locus of R is
,d ljy js[kk] tks ,d vpj fcUnq (2,3) ls gksdj tkrh gS] funsZ'kkad v{kksa dks nks fofHkUu fcUnqvksa P rFkk Q ij
izfrPNsn djrh gSSA ;fn O ewy fcUnq gS rFkk vk;r OPRQ dks iwjk fd;k tkrk gS rks R dk fcUnqiFk gS %

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 Straight Line

Straight Line [JEE(Main) 2018, (4, – 1), 120]

(1*) 3x + 2y = xy (2) 3x + 2y = 6xy (3) 3x + 2y = 6 (4) 2x + 3y = xy

17. Consider the set all lines px + qy + r = 0 such that 3p + 2q + 4r = 0. Which one of the following
statements is true ? [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

(1) The lines are not concurrent

(2) The lines are all parallel

 3 1
(3*) The lines are concurrent at the point  , 
4 2

(4) Each the line passes through the origin.

,slh lHkh js[kkvksa px + qy + r = 0 ds leqPp; ij fopkj dhft, ftuds fy, 3p + 2q + 4r = 0 gS] rks fuEu esa ls
dkSu&lk ,d dFku lR; gS \
(1) js[kk,a laxkeh ugha gSA

(2) lHkh js[kk,¡ lekarj gSaA

 3 1
(3) js[kk,¡ fcUnq  ,  ij laxkeh gSaA
4 2

(4) izR;sd js[kk ewy fcanq ls gksdj tkrh gSaA

18. Let the equations of two sides of a triangle be 3x – 2y + 6 = 0 and 4x + 5y – 20 = 0 . If the orthocentre
of this triangle is at (1, 1), then the equation of its third side is :

Ekuk ,d f=kHkqt dh nks Hkqtkvksa ds lehdj.k 3x – 2y + 6 = 0 rFkk 4x + 5y – 20 = 0 gSA rFkk bl f=kHkqt dk yacdsanz
(1, 1) ij gSa] rks bldh rhljh Hkqtk dk lehdj.k gS % [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

(1*) 26x – 122y – 1675 = 0 (2) 26x + 61y + 1675 = 0

(3) 122y – 26x – 1675 = 0 (4) 122y + 26x + 1675 = 0

19. Two vertices of a triangle are (0, 2) and (4, 3). If its orthocentre is at the origin, then its third vertex lies
in which quadrant ?

(1) third (2) second (3) first (4) fourth

,d f=kHkqt ds nks 'kh"kZ (0, 2) rFkk (4, 3) gSA ;fn bldk yacdsnz ewyfcUnq ij gS] rks bldk rhljk 'kh"kZ fdl prqFkkZa'k
esa gS\ [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]

(1) rhljk (2) nwljk (3) izFke (4) pkSFkk

Ans. (2)

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 Straight Line

EXERCISE - 1

EXERCISE - 2

EXERCISE - 3

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

1. The vertices of a triangle OBC are O(0,0) B(–3,–1) and C(–1,–3). Find the equation of line parallel to
1
BC and intersecting the sides OB and OC, whose perpendicular distance from the point (0,0) is .
2
OBC ds 'kh"kZ O(0,0), B(–3,–1) rFkk C(–1,–3) gSA BC ds lekUrj ml ljy js[kk dh lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks
1
Hkqtkvksa OB o OC dks izfrPNsn djrh gS rFkk ftldh O(0,0) ls yEcor~ nwjh gS&
2
1
Ans. x+y+ = 0.
2

2. A variable line, drawn through the point of intersection of the straight lines
x y x y
 = 1 and  = 1, meets the coordinate axes in A & B. Show that the locus of the mid point of
a b b a
AB is the curve 2xy(a + b) = ab(x + y).
x y x y
ljy js[kkvksa  = 1 ,oa  = 1, ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh ,d pj js[kk] funsZ'kh v{kksa dks Øe'k%
a b b a
A ,oa B ij feyrh gSA iznf'kZr dhft, fd AB ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk 2xy(a + b) = ab(x + y) gSA

3. From the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC, perpendiculars AD, BE, CF are drawn to any straight line.
Show that the perpendiculars from D, E, F to BC, CA, AB respectively are concurrent.
f=kHkqt ABC ds 'kh"kZ A,B,C ls yEc AD, BE, CF fdlh ljy js[kk ij [khpsa tkrs gSA n'kkZb;sa fd D, E, F ls YkEc
BC, CA vkSj AB Øe'k % laxkeh gSA
4. A triangle is formed by the lines whose equations are AB : x + y – 5 = 0, BC :
x + 7y – 7 = 0 and CA : 7x + y + 14 = 0. Find the bisector of the interior angle at B and the exterior
angle at C. Determine the nature of the interior angle at A and find the equation of the bisector.
js[kkvksa AB : x + y – 5 = 0, BC : x + 7y – 7 = 0 ,oa CA : 7x + y + 14 = 0 ls f=kHkqt cuk;k tkrk gSA dks.k B ds
vUr% lef}Hkktd ,oa dks.k C ds cká lef}Hkktd dh lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A vUr% dks.k A dh izd`fr Kkr dhft,
,oa blds lef}Hkktd dh lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 3x + 6y – 16 = 0; 8x + 8y + 7 = 0 ; 12x + 6y – 11 = 0

5. The coordinates of the feet of  from the vertices of a  on the opposite sides are (20, 25), (8, 16) and
(8, 9). Then find the coordinates of a vertices of the 
fdlh f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kksZ± ls lEeq[k Hkqtkvksa ij Mkys x;s yEcikn ds funsZ'kkad (20, 25), (8, 16) ,oa (8, 9) gS] rks f=kHkqt
ds fdlh 'kh"kZ ds funsZ'kkad gSµ
Ans. (5, 10). (50, – 5), (15, 30)

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 Straight Line

6. Let P is any point inside the triangle ABC of side lengths 6, 5, 5 units and p 1, p2, p3 be the
lengths of perpendiculars drawn from P to the sides of triangle. Find the maximum value of
p1.p2.p3.
256
Ans. p1p2 p3 
75
ekuk yEckbZ;k¡ 6, 5, 5 bZdkbZ dh Hkqtkvksa ls cus ABC ds vUnj gS rFkk p1, p2, p3 , P ls f=kHkqt dh
Hkqtkvksa ij Mkys x, yEcksa dh yEckbZ;ka gSA p1.p2.p3 dk vf/kdre eku gS &
256
Ans. p1p2 p3 
75

7. Let in PAB, A is (0, 0), B is (a, 0) and P is variable such that PBA is equal to three times
PAB the, find the locus of P.
Ans. 4x3 – 4xy2 – 3ax2 + ay2 = 0.
ekukfd PAB esa A(0, 0), B(a, 0) gSA rFkk P ,d pj js[kk gS tks fd bl izdkj gS fd PBA dk
eku PAB ds eku dk rhu xqus ds cjkcj gS rc fcUnq P dk fcUnqiFk gSA
Ans. 4x3 – 4xy2 – 3ax2 + ay2 = 0.

8. Through a fixed point any straight line is drawn meeting two given parallel straight lines in P and Q,
through P and Q straight lines are drawn in fixed directions, meeting in R. Prove that the locus of R is
straight line.
fLFkj fcUnq ls dksbZ ljy js[kk [khpha tkrh gS tkss nh xbZ nks lekUrj ljy js[kkvksa dks P rFkk Q ij feyrh gS] P
vkSj Q ls ljy js[kk,s ,d fuf'pr fn'kk esa [khpha tkrh gS] tks R ij feyrh gS] n'kkZb;s fd R dk fcUnqiFk ,d ljy
js[kk gSA

9. Through the origin O a straight line is drawn to cut the lines y = m1 x + C1 and y = m2 x + C2 at Q and R.
respectively. Find the locus of the point P on this variable line, such that OP is the
geometric mean of OQ and OR.
ewy fcUnq O ls tkus okyh ,d js[kk bl izdkj gS fd ;g js[kkvksa y = m1 x + C1 rFkk y = m2 x + C2 dks Øe'k% Q o
R ij dkVrh gSA bl pj js[kk ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq P dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft, ;fn OP, OQ o OR dk xq.kksÙkj
ek/; gSA
Ans. (y – m1x) ( y – m2x) = c1c2

10. The sides of a triangle are Lr  xcos r + y sin r – pr = 0 for r = 1, 2, 3.

Show that its orthocentre is given by
L1 cos (2 – 3) = L2cos (3 – 1) = L3 cos (1 – 2).
f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,a Lr  xcos r + y sin r – pr = 0, r = 1, 2, 3 ds fy,
n'kkZb;s fd bldk yEcdsUnz L1 cos (2 – 3) = L2cos (3 – 1) = L3 cos (1 – 2) gksxkA

11. A line passes through a fixed point R intersecting a fixed line at P. A point Q on RP such that
RP
is constant. Then show that locus of Q is a straight line.
RQ
,d js[kk fLFkj fcUnq R ls fLFkj js[kk dks P ij izfrPNsn djrh gSA ,d fcUnq Q, RP js[kk ij bl
RP
izdkj gS fd vpj gS rc n'kkZb;sa fd Q dk fcUnqiFk ,d ljy js[kk gSA
RQ

12. A triangle ABC with a = 8, b = 6 and c = 10 slides on the coordinate axes with vertices A and
B on the xaxis and the yaxis respectively. Find the locus of the vertex C.
,d f=kHkqt ABC ftlesa a = 8, b = 6 vkSj c = 10 funsZ'kkad v{kksa ij 'kh"kZ A vkSj B ij Øe'k% x-v{k
vkSj y-v{k ij fQlyrh gS rc 'kh"kZ C dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A
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 Straight Line

13. The line L1  4x + 3y – 12 = 0 intersects the x and the y-axis at A and B respectively.
A variable line perpendicular to L 1 intersects the x and the y-axis at P and Q respectively. Find
the locus of the circumcentre of triangle ABQ.
js[kk L1  4x + 3y – 12 = 0, x va{k vkSj y-va{k dks A vkSj B ij Øe'k% izfrPNsn djrk gSA ,d pj
js[kk L1 ds yEcor~ x vkSj y-va{k dks Øe'k% P vkSj Q ij feyrh gSA f=kHkqt ABQ ds ifjdsUnz dk
fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A

14. Show that the orthocentre of  formed by the straight lines, ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 and x + my =1 is a
x' y' ab
point (x', y') such that  = .
m am  2h m  b 2
2

n'kkZb;s ljy js[kkvksa ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 vkSj x + my =1 ls cus  dk yEcdsUnz ,d fcUnq (x', y') gS tgk¡ =
x' y' ab
 = .
m am  2h m  b 2
2

15. Show that the lines joining the origin to the other two points of intersection of the curves ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx =
0 and ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx = 0 will be at right angles to one another if g(a+ b) = g(a+ b)
iznf'kZr dhft;s fd oØksa ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx = 0 ,oa ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx = 0 ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa dks ewy
fcUnq ls feykus okyh js[kk,sa ijLij yEcor~ gksxh ;fn g(a+ b) = g(a+ b)

16. The distance of a point (x 1, y1) from each of two straight lines which passes through the origin of
coordinates is , find the combined equation of these straight lines.
ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okyh nks ljy js[kkvksa ls fcUnq (x1, y1) dh nwjh  gSA bu ljy js[kkvksa dh la;qDr lehdj.k Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. (y12 2) x2  2 x1y1 xy + (x12 2) y2 = 0

17. If the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, represents a pair of straight lines, prove that the
third pair of straight lines (excluding xy = 0) passing through the points where these meet the axes is
4fg
ax2 – 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c + · xy = 0.
c
;fn lehdj.k ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ljy js[kk ;qXe dks O;Dr djrh gS rc fl) dhft, fd ljy
js[kkvksa dk rhljk ;qXe (xy = 0 dks NksM+dj) fcUnqvksa ls xqtjrk gS tgk¡ ;s v{kksa dks feyrk gS
4fg
ax2 – 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c + · xy = 0.
c
18. A point moves so that the distance between the feet of the perpendiculars from it on the lines ax 2 + 2h
xy + by2 = 0 is a constant 2 d. Show that the equation to its locus is,
(x2 + y2) (h2  ab) = d2 {(a  b)2 + 4 h2}.
,d fcUnq bl izdkj xfr djrk gS fd blls js[kkvksa ax2 + 2h xy + by2 = 0 ij Mkys x, yEc ds iknksa ds e/; nwjh 2
d ¼vpj½ gSA iznf'kZr dhft, fd blds fcUnqiFk dh lehdj.k (x2 + y2) (h2  ab) = d2 {(a  b)2 + 4 h2} gSA
19. Show that the pair of lines given by a2 x2 + 2h(a + b) xy + b2 y2 = 0 is equally inclined to the pair given by
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
fl) dhft,s fd a2 x2 + 2h(a + b) xy + b2 y2 = 0 }kjk iznf'kZr ljy js[kk¡,sa]
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 }kjk iznf'kZr ljy js[kkvksa ij leku dks.k ij >qdh gqbZ gSA

20. All the chords of the curve 3x²  y²  2x + 4y = 0 which subtend a right angle at the origin are concurrent.
Does this result also hold for the curve, 3x² + 3y²  2x + 4y = 0 ? If yes, what is the point of
concurrence.
ewy fcUnq ij ledks.k cukus okyh] oØ 3x²  y²  2x + 4y = 0 dh lHkh thok¡,s laxkeh gSA D;k ;g ifj.kke oØ
3x² + 3y²  2x + 4y = 0 ds fy;s Hkh lR; gS ? ;fn gk¡] rks og fcUnq Kkr dhft,s ftl ij ;s thok¡,s laxkeh gSA
Ans. (1,  2), yes gk¡ (1/3,  2/3)
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 Straight Line

21. The straight lines (A2 – 3B2)x2 + 8AB xy + (B2 – 3A2) y2 = 0 form a with the line Ax + By + C = 0, then
prove that
ljy js[kk,a (A2 – 3B2)x2 + 8AB xy + (B2 – 3A2) y2 = 0 js[kk Ax + By + C = 0 ds lkFk ,d f=kHkqt dk fuekZ.k
djrh gS rc fl) dhft,
C2 C2
(i) Area of  is f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy

3 A 2  B2  
3 A 2  B2 
(ii)  is equilateral f=kHkqt leckgq gSA
(iii) The orthocentre of  does not lie on one of its vertexs
f=kHkqt dk yEcdsUnz] blds 'kh"kkZs esa ls ,d ugha gSA

Comprehension (Q. 22 & 23)

If coordinate system xy is being rotated through an angle  in anti clock wise direction about the origin
as shown in the diagram, Coordinates of P(x, y) has been change to P(X, Y) in new coordinate system
XY, then x, y, X, Y are related as given below.
;fn funsZ'kkad i)fr xy dks okekorZ fn'kk esa ewy fcUnq ds lkis{k  dks.k ls ?kqek;k tkrk gSA fp=kkuqlkj n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
P(x, y) ds funsZ'kkad dks P(X, Y) ] u;s funsZ'kkad i)fr XY, esa cnyk tkrk gS rc x, y, X, Y uhps n'kkZ;k x;k gS&

Y P(x,y)  (X, Y)
X
y y – x tan 


Y
X x tan 

x
X
X = x sec  + (y – x tan ) sin  and vkSj Y = (y – x tan ) cos 
x sin  2
= x sec  + y sin – = y cos  – x sin 
cos 
 X = x cos  + y sin  Y = – x sin  + y cos 

22. If the axes are rotated through 60º in anticlockwise direction about origin. Find co-ordinats of point (2, 6)
in new co-ordinate axes.
;fn v{kksa dks ewy fcUnq ds lkis{k okekorZ fn'kk esa 60º dks.k ls ?kw.kZu djk;k tkrk gSA u;h funsZ'kkad v{kksa dh i)fr
esa fcUnq (2, 6) ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,&
Ans. (1 + 3 3 ,  3 + 3)

23. If axes are rotated through an acute angle in clockwise direction about origin so that equation x2 + 2xy +
y2 – 2x + 2y = 0 becomes free from xy in its new position, then find equation in new position
;fn v{kksa dks ewy fcUnq ds lkis{k nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk esa U;wudks.k ls ?kqek;k tkrk gS tcfd lehdj.k x2 + 2xy + y2 –
2x + 2y = 0 u;h fLFkfr esa xy ls Lora=k gS rc u;h fLFkfr esa lehdj.k gS&
Ans. x2 + 2y = 0
24. Find the acute angle between two straight lines passing through the point M( 6,  8) and the points in
which the line segment 2x + y + 10 = 0 enclosed between the coordinate axes is divided in the ratio 1
: 2 : 2 in the direction from the point of its intersection with the x  axis to the point of intersection with
the y  axis.
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 Straight Line

fcUnq M( 6,  8) ls xqtjus okyh nks ljy js[kkvksa] tks js[kk 2x + y + 10 = 0 ds v{kksa ds e/; ds var%[k.M dks ,sls
fcUnqvksa ij izfrPNsn djrh gS tks bl js[kk[k.M dks blds x - v{k ls izfrPNsn ls blds y - v{k ls izfrPNsn dh
fn'kk esa 1 : 2 : 2 ds vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrs gSa] ds e/; dk U;wu dks.k dk eku gSA
Ans. /4

25_. Let A lies on 3x – 4y + 1 = 0. B lies on 4x + 3y – 7= 0 and C is (–2, 5). If ABCD is rhombus, then find
locus of D.
ekuk A, js[kk 3x – 4y + 1 = 0 ij fLFkr gS rFkk] B js[kk 4x + 3y – 7 = 0 ij fLFkr gS rFkk C (–2, 5) gS ;fn ABCD
,d leprqHkqZt gS rc D dk fcUnqiFk gS&
Ans. 25((x + 2)2 + (y – 5)2) = (3x – 4y + 1)2

26_. Let D is point on line 1 : x + y – 2 = 0 and S(3, 3) is fixed point. 2 is the line perpendicular to DS and
passing through S. If M is another point on line 1 (other than D), then find locus of point of intersection
of  2 and angle bisector of MDS.
ekuk D, js[kk 1 : x + y – 2 = 0 ij dksbZ fcUnq gS rFkk S(3, 3) fLFkj fcUnq gSA 2, DS ds yEcor~ js[kk gS RkFkk S ls
xqtjrh gS ;fn M, js[kk 1 ij fLFkr dksbZ vU; fcUnq gS (D ds vykok) rc MDS ds dks.k v)Zd rFkk 2 ds izfrPNsn
fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A
2
 x  y 2
Ans. (x – 3)2 + (y – 3)2 =  
 2 

27_. A variable line cuts the line 2y = x – 2 and 2y = – x + 2 in points A and B respectively. If A lies in first
quadrant, B lies in 4th quadrant and area of AOB is 4, then find locus of
(i) mid point of AB (ii) centroid of OAB
,d pj js[kk] js[kkvksa 2y = x – 2 vkSj 2y = – x + 2 dks A rFkk B fcUnqvksa ij dkVrh gS ;fn A izFke prqFkk±'k es
fLFkr gS rFkk B f}rh; prqFkk±'k es fLFkr gS rFkk AOB dk {ks=kQy 4 gS rc fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A
(i) AB dk e/; fcUnq (ii) OAB dk dsUnzd
Ans. (i) (x –1)2 – 4y2 = 9 (ii) (x – 2/3)2 + 4y2 = 4

28. An equilateral triangle PQR is formed where P (1, 3) is fixed point and Q is moving point on line x = 3.
Find the locus of R.
,d leckgq f=kHkqt PQR cuk;k tkrk gS tgk¡ P (1, 3) ,d fLFkj fcUnq gSA rFkk js[kk Q js[kk x = 3 ij pj fcUnq gS
rc R dk fcUnq iFk Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (x – 2) =  3 (y – 3  3)

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