Kingsmead Technology College
[Link] image below shows an epithelial cell from the lining of the small intestine.
(a) (i) In the image above, the part of the cell labelled A contains chromosomes.
What is the name of part A?
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(1)
(ii) How are most soluble food molecules absorbed into the epithelial cells of the
small intestine?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
diffusion osmosis respiration
(1)
(b) Suggest how the highly folded cell surface helps the epithelial cell to absorb soluble food.
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(1)
(c) Epithelial cells also carry out active transport.
(i) Name one food molecule absorbed into epithelial cells by active transport.
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(1)
(ii) Why is it necessary to absorb some food molecules by active transport?
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(1)
(ii) Suggest why epithelial cells have many mitochondria.
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(2)
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d) Some plants also carry out active transport.
Give one substance that plants absorb by active transport.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q2. Diagrams A, B and C show cells from different parts of the human body, all drawn to the
same scale.
(a) Which cell, A, B or C, appears to have adaptations to increase diffusion into or out of
the cell?
Give one reason for your choice.
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(1)
(b) (i) Cell C is found in the pancreas.
Name one useful substance produced by the pancreas.
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(1)
(ii) Use information from the diagram to explain how cell C is adapted for producing this
substance.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
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Q3. The small intestine is lined with millions of villi.
The diagram shows the structure of a villus.
In the small intestine, some of the products of digestion are absorbed into the blood by active
transport.
(a) Explain what is meant by active transport.
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(2)
(b) How do microvilli and mitochondria help in the active transport of the products of
digestion from the small intestine into the blood?
Microvilli ....................................................................................................................
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Mitochondria ..............................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q4. Diagram 1 shows two villi in the small intestine of a healthy person.
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(a) Describe two features of the villi which help the small intestine to function.
1 .................................................................................................................................
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2 .................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(b) Diagram 2 shows two villi in the small intestine of a person with coeliac disease.
(i) How do the villi of the person with coeliac disease differ from those of a healthy
person?
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(1)
(ii) Suggest how this difference might affect how well the small intestine functions.
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(1)
(Total 4 marks)
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(a) (i) nucleus
1
(ii) diffusion
1
(b) increases / larger surface area (for diffusion)
ignore large surface area to volume ratio
1
(c) (i) sugar / glucose
accept amino acids / other named monosaccharides
1
(ii) against a concentration gradient
or
from low to high concentration
1
(iii) (active transport requires) energy
1
(from) respiration
1
(d) minerals / ions
accept named ion ignore nutrients
do not accept water
1
[8]
M2. (a) B
no mark for ÉBÉ, alone
large(r) surface / area or large(r) membrane
accept reference to microvilli
accept reasonable descriptions of the surface
do not accept wall / cell wall
ignore villi / hairs / cilia
1
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(b) (i) any one from:
• insulin / hormone
if named hormone / enzyme must be correct for pancreas
• enzyme / named enzyme
1
(ii) many ribosomes
1
(ribosomes) produce protein
accept insulin / hormone / enzyme named is (made of) protein
or
allow many mitochondria (1)
provide energy to build protein or to make protein (1)
accept ATP for energy
1
[4]
M3. (a) any two from:
• transport up / against concentration gradient / low to high concentration
• uses energy
• use of protein / carrier
2
(b) microvilli – large(r) surface area
accept have carriers
1
mitochondria – release energy or make ATP
do not accept ‘makes energy’
1
[4]
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M4. (a) any two from:
• large surface / area or many villi or have microvilli
accept big surface / area
• thin surface or thin wall or surface 1-cell thick or
capillaries near surface or permeable or partially permeable
accept they are thin
do not allow thin cell wall
• many blood vessels or many capillaries or capillary network
or good blood supply
ignore ‘constant blood flow’ owtte
ignore extras eg moist or reference to gases
• have enzymes
ignore release enzymes
• accept reference to lacteal as 5th point
• allow reference to having mitochondria
2
(b) (i) small(er) (surface area) / flat(ter) / short(er)
or not as folded
or fewer capillaries owtte
allow small(er) lacteal
ignore references to wide / thick / spread out etc
1
(ii) less absorption (of digested food) / less digestion / diffusion
accept slower for less
accept description of less digestion
accept less food can get in
do not allow zero absorption
do not allow ‘collection’ of nutrients
1
[4]
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