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General column design C13

General column design by PROKON. (GenCol Ver W4.0.06 - 08 Feb 2021)

Design code : BS8110 - 1997

Input tables
General design parameters:

COLUMN SECTION
X/Radius or Bar Y (mm)
Code Diameter (mm) Angle °

+
225.000
225.000
-225.000
+ 33.000 33.000
b 16
+ 192.000 33.000
b 16
+ 192.000 192.000
b 16
+ 33.000 192.000
b 16

Design loads:
LOADS (ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE)
Mx Top My Top Mx Bottom My Bottom
Load case Designation P (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm)

1 277 22 18

BS8110 - 1997 Y 300

General design parameters:

Given: 200

Lo = 3.350 m
fcu = 25 MPa X X
100

fy = 460 MPa
Ac = 50625 mm² 0

Assumptions:
100

200

300

Y
0

(1) The general conditions of clause 3.8.1 are applicable.

(2) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(3) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.

Design approach:
The column is designed using an iterative procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) An area of reinforcement is chosen.
(3) The corresponding slenderness moments are calculated.
(4) The design axis and design ultimate moment are determined.
(5) The design axial force and moment capacity is checked on
the relevant design chart.
(6) The safety factor is calculated for this load case.
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Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the Design axis:
At the Bottom end : Condition 3 (pinned).
The column is unbraced.

Effective length factor ß = 1.60 Table 3.19

Effective column height:

le = ß . Lo
= 1.6 ×3.35
= 5.360 m

Column slenderness about weakest axis:

le. 1×103
max_sl =
12 0.5 . grv
5.36 ×1×103
=
12 0.5 ×64.952
= 23.822

Where h is replaced with an equivalent column depth derived from the radius of gyration*square root of 12

Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity: 3.8.2.4
Check that the eccentricity exceeds the minimum in the plane of bending:
Use emin = 20mm

Mmin = emin. N
= .01125 ×277
= 3.116 kNm

Check if the column is slender: 3.8.1.3

le/((12)^0.5*grv) = 23.8 > 10
Thus:The column is slender.

Initial moments::
The initial end moments about the X-X axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 22.0 kNm

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The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.7

- . M1 + 0.6 . M2
Mi = 0.4
= -0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×22
= 13.200 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×22
= 8.800 kNm

Thus:Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 13.2 kNm

The initial end moments about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 0.0 kNm

M2 = Larger initial end moment = 18.0 kNm

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 3.8.3.7

- . M1 + 0.6 . M2
Mi = 0.4
= -0.4 ×0 + 0.6 ×18
= 10.800 kNm

Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×18
= 7.200 kNm

Thus:Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 10.8 kNm

Deflection induced moments: 3.8.3.1

Design ultimate capacity of section under axial load only:

Nuz = 0.45 . f cu. (Ac - Asc) + 0.95 . f y. Asc

= 0.45 ×25 ×(50.625 - .80425 ) + 0.95 ×460 ×.80425
= 911.941 kN

Maximum allowable stress and strain:

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Allowable compression stress in steel

f sc = 0.95 . f y
= 0.95 ×460
= 437.000 MPa

Allowable tensile stress in steel

f st = 0.95 . f y
= 0.95 ×460
= 437.000 MPa

Allowable tensile strain in steel

f st
ey =
Es
438.1
=
2000×1011
= 2.1905×10-12

Allowable compressive strain in concrete

ec = 0.0035

For bending about the weakest axis:

Weakest axis lies at an angle of -90.00° to the X-X axis
Overall dimension perpendicular to weakest axis h = 225mm

Nuz - N
K=
Nuz - Nbal
912821 - 277000
=
912821 - 432000
= 1.322

The value of K is limited to 1.0, therefore K = 1.0

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1 .
ßa = max_sl 2
2000
1
= ×23.822 2
2000
= 0.2837

Where max_sl is the maximum slenderness ratio of the column as an equivalent rectangular column.

Thus:

Madd = N. ßa. K. h
= 277 ×.28375 ×1 ×.225
= 17.685 kNm

Thus:Maddx = Madd*cos(-90.00°) = 0.0 kNm

Thus:Maddy = Madd*sin(-90.00°) = 17.7 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
Pu = 277.0 kN

For bending about the X-X axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) 3.8.3.2

M = M2 + Madd
= 22 + 0
= 22.000 kNm

(d) 3.8.3.2

M = eminx. N
= .01125 ×277
= 3.116 kNm

Thus: 3.8.3.2

M = 22.0 kNm
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Moments about X-X axis( kNm)

Mx=22.0 kNm
Mxtop=22.0 kNm Mxmin=3.1 kNm

+ =

Initial Additional Design

For bending about the Y-Y axis, the maximum design moment is the greatest of: 3.8.3.7
(a) 3.8.3.2

M = M2 + Madd
= 18 + 17.685
= 35.685 kNm

(d) 3.8.3.2

M = eminy. N
= .01125 ×277
= 3.116 kNm

Thus: 3.8.3.2

M = 35.7 kNm

Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)

My=35.7 kNm
Mytop=18.0 kNm Mymin=3.1 kNm

+ =

Initial Additional Design

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Design of column section for ULS:

The column is checked for applied moment about the design axis.
Through inspection: the critical section lies at the top end of the column.
The design axis for the critical load case 1 lies at an angle of 58.35° to the X-axis
The safety factor for the critical load case 1 is 0.93

For bending about the design axis:

Interaction Diagram

Moment max = 39.01kNm @ 279 kN

900
800
700
600
500
Axial load (kN)

400
300 277 kN
200
-45.0
-40.0
-35.0
-30.0
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.00

100
0.00
5.00
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
42 kNm
-100
-200
-300

Bending moment (kNm)

Warning: The safety factor is < 1

Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the design axis:

The final design moments were calculated as the vector sum of the X- and Y- moments
of the critical load case. This also determined the design axis direction

At the top, Mx = 41.9 kNm

Near mid-height, Mx = 17.1 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 0.0 kNm
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Stresses at the top end of the column for the critical load case 1

BS8110 - 1997 Y 300

M
D

200
58.3°
58.3°
X X
100

0
100

200

300

M
D Y
0

Summary of design calculations:

Design table for critical load case:

Moments and Reinforcement for LC 1:

Top Middle Bottom
Madd-x (kNm) 0.0 0.0 0.0
Madd-y (kNm) -17.7 13.3 0.0
Mx (kNm) 22.0 13.2 0.0
My (kNm) 35.7 10.8 0.0
Mmin (kNm) 3.1 0.0 0.0
M-design (kNm) 41.9 17.1 0.0
Design axis (°) 58.35 39.29 0.00
Safety factor 0.93 1.96 3.30
As (mm²) 804 804 804
Percentage 1.56 % 1.56 % 1.56 %
Nominal mm^2 202 202 202
Critical load case: LC 1

Design results for all load cases:

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Safety
Load case axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) factor

Load case 1 X-X 0.0 22.0 13.2 0.0 22.0

Y-Y 277.0 0.0 18.0 10.8 -17.7 Top 35.7 41.9 0.930

Graph for bending about the X-X axis:

Interaction Diagram
1000

Moment max = 43.83kNm @ 280 kN

900
800
700
600
500
Axial load (kN)

400
300
200
-45.0
-40.0
-35.0
-30.0
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
100 50.0

-100
-200
-300

Bending moment (kNm)

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Graph for bending about the Y-Y axis:

Interaction Diagram
1000

Moment max = 43.83kNm @ 280 kN

900
800
700
600
500
Axial load (kN)

400
300
200
-45.0
-40.0
-35.0
-30.0
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.00
0.00
5.00
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
100

-100
-200
-300

Bending moment (kNm)