William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616)[a] was an English playwright, poet, and
actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest
dramatist.[2][3][4] He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the
Bard").[5][b] His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays,[c] 154 sonnets, three
long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have
been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any
other playwright.[7] They also continue to be studied and reinterpreted.
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he
married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith.
Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and
part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men.
At age 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three years later.
Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation
about such matters as his physical appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs, and whether the
works attributed to him were written by others.[8][9][10]
Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613.[11][12][d] His early plays were
primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best work produced in these
genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and
Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English
language.[2][3][4] In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and
collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy in his
lifetime. However, in 1623, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, John
Heminges and Henry Condell, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a
posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that included all but two of his plays.
[13]
Its Preface was a prescient poem by Ben Jonson that hailed Shakespeare with the now famous
epithet: "not of an age, but for all time".[13]