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Construction
Safety and
Health Training
Course
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Personal
Protective
Equipment
By: Engr. Mark S. Nabua
BOD - OSHNETWORK 10
REGISTERED ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
REGISTERED MASTER ELECTRICIAN
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTITIONER – DOLE
RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER – PNRI
FIRE SAFETY PRACTITIONER – BFP
CERTIFIED SECURITY PROFESSIONAL – PSIS
Occupational Safety & Health
SCAFFOLD ERECTION NCII – TESDA
Network (OSHNet) – 10, Inc.
OSHNet-10 LEAN
CagayanSIX SIGMA
de Oro City – Certified YELLOW Belt
Objectives
At the end of this module,
participants will be able to:
1) Determine the different types of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE).
2) Distinguish the appropriate and approved
types of PPE needed in the workplace.
3) Know the limitations of PPE.
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Definition – Personal Protective
Equipment
Variety of devices and garments designed to serve as
barrier between workers and workplace hazards.
When engineering, work practice and administrative
controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient
protection, employers must provide personal protective
equipment (PPE) to their employees and ensure its use.
Personal protective equipment, commonly referred
to as "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize
exposure to a variety of hazards.
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Guidelines in Selecting PPE
1) Identify the hazard.
2) Understand the effect.
3) Recommend the
proper equipment.
4) Train on proper usage
and maintenance.
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Personal Protective Equipments
Head protection Eye and face
protection
Hearing Respiratory
protection protection
Hand and arm Foot protection
protection
Torso protection Fall protection
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Head Protection
Hard Hats ANSI Requirement:
American National Standard
for Industrial Head
Protection ANSI/ISEA
Z89.1-2014
(ISEA – International Safety
Equipment Association)
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Occupational
Head Hazards and Effects
HAZARDS EFFECTS
Impact from falling objects Perforation/
Bump from stationary rigid fracture of the
objects skull
Penetration by sharp objects
Contact with live electrical Electrical shock
conductors
Fire hazards Burns
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Head Protection
Hard Hat or Safety Helmet:
A rigid device that is
worn to provide
protection for the head
and which is held in
place by a suspension.
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Head Protection
Parts of a Hard Hat
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Head Protection
Parts of a Hard Hat:
1) Suspension system
includes the headband and straps found inside the hard hat.
absorbs and distributes the force of impacts.
2) Hard hat outer shell
protects the head from falling objects; such as falling tools.
also absorbs part of the force of impact, since it is somewhat
flexible.
3) Chin strap
secure the hard hat to the wearer’s head.
4) Brim
Redirects the directions of the falling objects
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Head Protection
Characteristics of a Hard Hat:
1) Must be able to absorb the shock of the blow
from falling objects and be able to resist the
penetration of sharp objects.
2) Vary as to resistant capability.
3) Ability for its low water absorption
and slow flammability rate of the shell.
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Head Protection
Types of Hard Hats:
Type I – provide protection
for the TOP of the
head
Type II – provides some
degree of TOP and
OFF-CENTER
protection
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Head Protection
Classes of Hard Hats:
CLASS E (Electrical) – tested at 20,000 volts phase
to ground for 3 minutes
CLASS G (General) – tested at 2,200 volts phase to
ground for 1 minute
CLASS C (Conductive) – no protection from
electrical conductors
*Voltages above are not intended as an indication of the voltage at
which the helmet protects the wearer.
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Head Protection
Bump Caps:
Made from lightweight
plastic and are
designed to protect
you from bumping your
head on protruding
objects
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Head Protection
Care and Maintenance:
Storage Inspection
No direct sunlight Before issuance to
No excessive heat employees
Non-humid conditions Daily inspection
Periodic inspection
Cleaning
Wash using soapy water Replacement
Wipe with soft cloth Safety hats can not be repaired
Under normal condition
(2-3 years)
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Head Protection
Sample Color Coding:
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Eye and Face Protection
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 – 2015 Standards
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Eye and Face Protection
Protective and eye
equipment shall be
required where there
is a probability of injury
that can be prevented
by the use of such
equipment.
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Eye and Face Protection
Occupational Eye and Face Hazards:
HAZARDS SOURCE OF HAZARDS
1) Large flying particles chiseling, coarse grinding, hammering,
and fragments from metal working and riveting
operations
2) Dust, fumes, and small woodworking, light grinding, sanding,
particles metal working, spot welding scaling and
paint spraying
3) Vapors and liquids solvents and paints
4) Intense heat and furnace tending, electric welding, and
radiation oxyacetylene welding and cutting
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Eye and Face Protection
Occupational Eye and Face Hazards:
EFFECTS:
1) Permanent loss of vision
2) Temporary loss of vision
3) Inflamed eyes
4) Skin burns
5) Lacerations
6) Fractures
7) Broken teeth
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Eye and Face Protection
Safety spectacles or glasses - are primary
protective devices intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from
flying and striking objects, glare and injurious radiation
hazards.
Eye goggles - are primary protective devices intended to
fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes.
Face shield - is a protective device intended to shield the
wearer’s ,face or portion thereof from striking objects or
chemical heat and glare hazards.
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Eye and Face Protection
Safety Spectacles or Glasses
Eye Goggles
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Eye and Face Protection
Face Shield
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Use of Eye and Face
Protection
“As a general rule, face shields
should be worn over suitable basic
eye protection.”
- National Safety Council
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Hearing Protection
ANSI/ASA S12.6 – 2016
(ASA – Acoustical Society of America)
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Hearing Protection
A hearing protection
device is anything
that can be worn to
reduce the level of
sound entering the
ear.
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Hearing Protection
PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURES
Duration per Day, Hours Sound Level, dB Slow Response
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1-1/2 102
1 105
1/2 110
¼ or less 115
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Hearing Protection
APPROXIMATE DECIBEL LEVEL
Decibel (dB) Examples
0 The quietest sound you hear
30 Whisper, quiet library
60 Normal conversation, sewing machine, typewriter
70 – 80 Television, city street noise, police whistle
90 Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic, electric motor, car horn @
5m distance (8 hours per day is the maximum exposure)
100 – 110 Chainsaw, Pneumatic drill, close to a moving train, spray
painting
115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert, auto horn @ close distance
140 Gun muzzle blast, jet engine (cause pain)
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Hearing Protection
ARM’S LENGTH RULE:
“If two people (with no hearing impairment)
have to raise their voices or shout to be heard
in a distance of less than an arm’s length
from each other, the sound level is potentially
hazardous.”
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Hearing Protection
Types of Hearing Protection:
1) Earplugs
- hearing protection placed inside the ear to block out
noise. To work effectively, they should fit snugly into the
ear canal.
2) Earmuffs
- a device composed of a headband with two cushioned
ear cups that form a seal around the outer ear, covering it
completely and blocking the noise.
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Hearing Protection
Noise Reduction Rating (NRR):
Earplugs (10-33 dB)
Earmuffs (20-25dB)
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Hearing Protection
Computation of Noise Exposure Using
Hearing Protection:
1) Single Protection
Est. Exposure = Workplace Noise Level – NRR
2) Double Protection (earplugs and earmuffs)
Est. Exposure = Workplace Noise Level –
[NRR Earplugs + 5]
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Personal Protective Equipment – Hearing & NRR
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Hearing & NRR – Effects of Noise
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Respiratory Protection
ANSI/ASSE Z88.2 – 2015 -
American National
Standard Practices for
Respiratory Protection
(ASSE – American Society
of Safety Engineers)
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Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Hazards:
Acids / Mists
Solvents / Vapors
Gases / Smoke
Dusts/ Particulates
Heavy Metals / Fumes
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Respiratory Protection
Filtration respirator (Mask)
Chemical respirator (Respirators, Cartridge Type)
Air-supplying respirator (SCBA)
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Respiratory Protection
Filtration Respirators (Mechanical Resp.):
- screen out dust and some form of mist. Such filters
need to be replaced at frequent intervals.
Chemical Cartridge Devices
- remove contaminates by passing the tainted air through material
that traps the harmful portions. There are specific cartridges for
specific contaminates.
Air-Supplying Respirators
(Self-Contain Breathing Apparatus, SCBA)
- supply air from an air tank, and is strapped at user’s back.
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Hand and Arm Protection
ANSI/ISEA 105-2016
American National
Standard for Hand
Protection
Classification
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Hand and Arm Protection
ANSI/ISEA 105 (2016) Hand and Arm Protection
Cut Level Classification
TDM, Thermodynamometer Testing
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Hand and Arm Protection
Hand and Arm Hazards:
Temperature extremes
Chemical exposures and splashes
Sharp objects
Fire
Abrasive materials
Live electrical conductors
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Hand and Arm Protection
Common Hand and Arm Injury:
Burns
Bruises
Abrasions
Cuts
Punctures
Fractures
Amputations
Electrocution
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Hand and Arm Protection
Different Kind of Gloves:
Kind of Gloves Protection
1) Metal-meshed Resist sharp edges and prevent cuts
gloves
2) Leather gloves Shield hands from rough surface and
prevent cuts
3) Vinyl and Protect hands against toxic chemicals
neoprene gloves
4) Rubber gloves Protect the worker when working
around electricity
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Hand and Arm Protection
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Hand and Arm Protection
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Hand and Arm Protection
Different Kind of Gloves (Continuation):
Kind of Gloves Protection
5) Welder’s gloves Protect hands from heat and flames
6) Latex disposable Protect hands from germs and
gloves bacteria
7) Cotton gloves Help grasp slippery objects and
protect against slivers, dirt, moderate
heat or cold
8) Lead-lined gloves Protect hands from radiation sources
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Hand and Arm Protection
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Foot and Leg Protection
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Foot and Leg Protection
New ASTM International Standards
Supersede ANSI Z41 Protective Footwear
Standards (American Society for Testing and Materials)
ASTM International standards, F 2412, Test
Methods for Foot Protection
ASTM International standards, F 2413,
Specification for Performance Requirements
for Protective Footwear
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Foot and Leg Protection
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Foot and Leg Protection
Foot and Leg Hazards:
Falling or rolling objects
Sharp objects
Live electrical conductors
Hot surfaces
Wet, slippery surfaces
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Foot and Leg Protection
Common Foot and Leg Injuries:
Fractures
Punctures
Burns
Cuts
Amputations
Electrocution
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Foot and Leg Protection
Foot guards / Metatarsal foot guards
Safety shoes/boots
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Foot and Leg Protection
Safety Shoes:
Steel toe cap footwear
protects toes from being
crushed by falling objects.
Mid-sole steel plate
protects the foot from
puncture.
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Foot and Leg Protection
Parts of a Safety Shoes:
1 Steel toe cap
2 Carbon fiber toe cap
3 Steel midsole
4 Anti-static midsole
5 Double density
polyurethane sole
6 Full leather upper
7 Vamp lining
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Foot and Leg Protection
Classification of Safety Shoes :
Heavy Duty or Class 75
• Impact Resistance - 75 ft-lbs (101.7 J)
• Compression Resistance - 2500 lbs (11,121 N)
Medium Duty or Class 50
• Impact Resistance - 50 ft-lbs (67.8 J)
• Compression Resistance - 1750 lbs (7784 N)
Light Duty or Class 30
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Foot and Leg Protection
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Foot and Leg Protection
Electrical Properties of Safety Shoes:
Electrostatic dissipating footwear conducts
static electricity to floors that are grounded.
Electrical resistance footwear are insulated
with tough rubber to prevent shocks and
burns from electricity.
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Personal Protective Equipment
Resistance of Employees
to PPE:
Discomfort
Inaccurate risk perception
Lack of education and
training
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Personal Protective Equipment
Limitations of PPE:
1) The hazard still exists.
2) A defective PPE offers no protection.
3) The PPE may introduce additional hazards.
4) Most PPE are not for continuous use.
5) Improper training may not provide maximum
protection.
6) It may transfer hazard to another location.
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Rule 1080 Personal Protective
Equipment and Devices
1081 GENERAL PROVISIONS:
1081.01 EVERY EMPLOYER:
1. Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with
protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet,
protective shields and barriers whenever necessary by
reason of the hazardous nature of the process or
environment, chemical or radiological or other mechanical
irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment
in the function of any part of the body through absorption,
inhalation or physical contact.
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Rule 1080 Personal Protective
Equipment and Devices
1081.02 All protective equipment shall be of
approved design and construction appropriate for the
exposure and the work to be performed.
1081.03 The employer shall be responsible for the
adequacy and proper maintenance of personal
protective equipment used in his workplace.
1081.04 No person shall be subjected or exposed to
hazardous environmental condition without protection.
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Rule 1080 Personal Protective Equipment and Devices
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Rule 1080 Personal Protective Equipment and Devices
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Rule 1080 Personal Protective Equipment and Devices
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Rule 1080 Personal Protective Equipment and Devices
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Summary
Assess the workplace for hazards.
Use engineering and work practices controls to eliminate
or reduce hazards before using PPE.
Select appropriate and approved PPE to protect
employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated.
Inform employees why PPE is necessary, how and when it
must be worn.
Train employees how to use and care for their PPE,
including how to recognize deterioration and failure.
Require employee to wear selected/ appropriate PPE.
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