MODULE 3: SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND LEADERSHIP
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:
1. Define correct leadership and be aware of how an individual become one;
2. Learn and understand the different theories and styles of leadership;
3. Identify the various tasks and roles of a leader;
4. Enumerate the character traits, values and qualities of a good leader; and
5. Respond to the needs of the local community by applying good leadership.
Socialization and Social Interaction
• Perrucci (1983) defines socialization as the process through which a person acquires
the behavior and skills that are essential for social existence.
• Social process refers to the repetitive forms of behavior, which are commonly found in
social life (Horton and Hunt, 1968), whereas Social Interaction, a part of social process,
is the form of action and reaction through which people and organizations relate to one
another.
Social Change
Heraclitus, the Greek philosopher considered change as the only constant concept.
Panopio (1994) defines change as a means, a process or an end. It can be an ideology or a
doctrine, It maybe the adoption of new objects and materials to attain certain goals.
Sources of Social Change
1. Physical, psychological and sociological needs of man – the continuous struggle of
man for his existence centers on the satisfaction of these basic needs.
2. Conflict and Social Inequality – the Law of contradiction or conflict theory as
propounded by the early sociological writers particularly Marx states that form the
abolition of the old order emerge new changes
3. Ideas – Man’s continued struggle for perfection was influenced first, by ideas of Greek
philosophers and later by modern thinkers. The Ideas of Hippocrates revolutionized
medicine; the scientific ideas of Copernicus and Galileo did not only radically change
European concept of Astronomy but also re-oriented Church doctrine about the
Universe.
Agents of Socialization and Change
1. Family – as the primary unit of society, the family is the first teacher of the basic values
in every individual’s life.
2. School – the school as the second home of children perpetuates the correct values,
norms and other social standards that are beneficial to both individual and society during
the teaching-learning process.
3. Work Place – every job or employment has its attendant rules and regulations on
harmonious socialization and interaction among employer and employees.
4. Church – all religions promote not only the spiritual welfare of its members but also
foster their harmonious relations with their fellowmen
5. Mass Media – Print and broadcast media help in the socialization process as a link or
conduit for people of even diverse creed, ethnicity, ideology, etc.
6. Government/Politics – Aristotle once said that man is a political animal.
7. Peer Groups – members of peer groups have common interests and persuasions,
social position and age.
Conflict Resolutions
1. Arbitration or mediation- conflicts are resolved out of court by the decision of a third
party, of which the conflicting parties must agree.
2. Compromise- it is achieved when the conflicting parties agree to settle for less that
what they originally demanded.
Definitions of Leadership
- Leadership is the quality of a leader; the capacity to lead.
- A leader is a person who by force of example, talents or qualities of leadership, plays a
directing role, wield commanding influence or has a following in any sphere of activity or
thought.
Qualities of a Leader
1. Talent and technical/specific/specialized skills
2. Charisma and Likeability
3. Dedication and Determination to the cause or service
4. Decisiveness and results-oriented directing every action towards a well envisioned
goals.
5. Optimism in contradiction to pessimism.
6. Uses team approach; helps group reach better, decision; facilities cooperation;
7. Delegates authority; trusts group; relies on their judgement; permits group decision; has
faith in the creativity of others;
8. Communicates openly and honestly, tells you what he thinks; you can trust what he says
Leadership Values
1. Personal Values: Those perceptions about what matters and what is not
2. Organizational Values: Are principles that are fundamental to the institution where the
leader leads.
The Virtues of Leadership
• Selflessness
• Courage
• Wisdom
• Caring
• Integrity
• Competency
Flexing and Compatibility
• Flexibility means that a leader should not be rigid and uncompromising in all his
decisions at all times.
• Compatibility – a leader who is a rabid religious person, should probably not get
involved in an organization that is anti-religion or pro-anarchy.
The values of leadership are important because they affect vital areas like:
a) Perceptions of decision: A leader who prioritizes people and environmental well-being
will consider a decision to invest in the community an obligatory sacrifice.
b) Decision-making procedures: A leader who supports dynamic group interaction and
interconnectedness
c) Human Resource management: A leader who prioritizes the interest of his or her
doers/participants will probably advocate larger support in training, strengths diversity,
d) Strategies for goal achievement: A leader with higher ethical values may prefer a
comprehensive but people-centered process toward achieving objectives.
Tasks/Roles of a Leader (Adapted from B.L. Marquis and C. Huston, Leadership Roles, p.7)
1. Planning determines the philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures, and rules;
carrying out long- and short- range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and
managing planned changes.
2. Organizing includes establishing the structure to carry out plans.
3. Staffing functions consists of recruiting, interviewing, hiring and orienting staff.
4. Directing sometimes includes several staffing functions.
5. Controlling functions include performance appraisals, fiscal, accountability, quality
control, legal and ethical control and professional and collegial control.
Delegation and Participation
• Delegation is the process by which a superior or boss gives subordinate the authority to
do a job.
ACTIVITY 3: SERVICE AND LEADERSHIP
Name: ______________________________ Course/Year: _________
Instructor: ___________________________
Explain:
1. Give a definition of a Leader and identify its necessary qualities/characteristics.
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2. What is a servant leader?
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3. What is social interaction?
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4. Enumerate and explain five agents of socialization
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