Physical Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Understanding Newton’s First
Law of Motion
Physical Science
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Understanding Newton’s First Law of Motion
First Edition 2020
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[email protected] Physical Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Understanding Newton’s First
Law of Motion
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Physical Science 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Understanding Newton’s First Law of Motion!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Physical Science 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Understanding Newton’s First Law of Motion!
The hand is one of the most symbolic parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that as a learner,
you are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own
hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
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What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand the importance of Newton’s first law of motion in our daily lives.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. state Newton’s first law of motion;
2. define what is inertia;
3. recognize the relationship of mass and inertia
4. explain the subtle distinction between Newton’s first Law of Motion and
Galileo’s assertion that force is not necessary to sustain horizontal motion;
and
5. apply Newton's first law to understand the effect of applying a force on an object .
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What I Know
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. A force is defined as
a. A push only
b. A pull only
c. A push or a pull
d. None of the above
2. What unit do scientists use to measure force?
a. Newton
b. Grams
c. Meters
d. Meter per second per second
3. When you slide a toy car across the floor, what force must your push be
stronger than?
a. Support force
b. Friction force
c. Gravity
d. Air resistance
4. A piece of paper is at rest on your desk. Which of the following statements
best describes this situation?
a. There are no forces acting on the paper.
b. The paper pushes on the desk only.
c. The desk pushes on the paper only
d. The forces acting on the paper are balanced.
5. Which force always pulls downward on objects?
a. Support force
b. Friction force
c. Gravity
d. Air resistance
6. A change to an objects motion is caused by...
a. Balanced forces
b. Unbalanced forces
c. Acceleration
d. Velocity
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7. When a balloon held between the hands is pressed, its shape changes. This
happens because:
a. Balanced forces act on the balloon
b. Unbalanced forces act on the balloon
c. Frictional forces act on the balloon
d. Gravitational force acts on the balloon
8. A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact is
called
a. friction
b. motion
c. velocity
d. acceleration
9. What is the common unbalanced force acting on an object in motion?
a. inertia
b. acceleration
c. friction
d. speed
10. Which of the following balls has the greatest inertia?
a. ping pong ball
b. a soccer ball
c. a tennis ball
d. a bowling ball
11. The inertia of an object is related to its
a. mass and speed
b. mass and force
c. mass only
d. speed only
12. The amount of matter in an object is called its
a. inertia
b. balance
c. force
d. mass
13. Which of the following must remain unchanged to have a constant velocity
for an object in motion?
a. speed only
b. friction and speed only
c. speed and mass only
d. speed and direction of travel
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14. Which of the following terms is most often used by a physicist when
describing the motion of an object that includes both its speed and direction:
a. momentum
b. distance
c. velocity
d. rate
15. The greater the mass of an object,
a. the easier the object starts moving.
b. the more balanced it is.
c. the greater its inertia.
d. the more space it takes up.
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Lesson
Understanding Newton’s
1 First Law of Motion
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist change when in motion or when
at rest. Newton’s first law of motion is also called law of inertia. If an object is
moving, inertia will keep it in motion. When it is at rest, it will continue to be at
rest, unless there is a force applied on it.
What’s In
To get started, you have to choose the terms related to motion from the
WORD POOL below. List down these words on the table and write what you
know about it.
energy force friction
mass Newton kinetic
potential gravity velocity
Term What I know about it?
Notes to the Teacher
Ask learners to name other terms related to motion and write them on
the board. Add on the list the terms that are not mentioned by the
learners.
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What’s New
Activity 1.1
This is a bowling game. A heavy ball is rolled down a narrow lane aiming the
pins. What makes the ball keep on rolling ? What makes the pins fall in different
direction?
Guide Questions:
1. What keeps an object at rest and what keeps it moving?
2. What cause the object change in motion?
3. How does an object’s mass affect its inertia?
Have you ever wondered why people, objects keep on moving? How do we
keep at rest and keep our feet on the ground? How do objects stay in place and
displaced? We always thought that objects move because it is natural state. This is
what makes laws of motion so exciting to study about.
Sir Isaac Newton a 17th century scientist formulated laws explaining why
objects are moving and why they do not move. It has been known as Newton’s
Three Laws of Motion. The focus of this lesson is Newton’s first law which is also
referred as the law of inertia.
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When it comes to law of motion, inertia is very popular. Inertia resists
change in motion. When an object is already at rest, it will remain at rest, if an
object is moving, inertia will keep it moving.
Imagine you are riding on a bus, and then it suddenly stops, your body
moves forward? Why? The brakes stop the bus but not your body, inertia keeps
your body moving forward that’s why it is very important to wear a seatbelt for your
safety.
What is It
I. Galileo and Inertia
Galileo Galilei 1564-1642
Galileo developed the first concept of laws of motion.
Among these are the following:
Developed the concept of motion in terms of velocity (speed and direction) by
using inclined planes.
Developed the idea of force that causes motion.
Determined that the natural state of an object is rest or uniformed motion.
Developed the idea that objects resist motion, inertia.
According to Galileo, objects in motion eventually stop because of a force called
friction. Friction is a force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are
touching. This is based on his experiment observed in inclined planes. He said that
a difference between initial and final heights was due to the presence of friction.
Galileo hypothesized that if friction could be entirely eliminated, the ball would
reach exactly the same height. Or if the ball rolls horizontally and there’s no friction
that acts on it, the ball will never stop.
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II. Isaac Newton and his First Law of Motion
Isaac Newton 1642-1727
Isaac Newton was born the same
year Galileo died. Newton’s law of
inertia is based on Galileo’s idea of
inertia. He expanded Galileo’s work
and came up with his Three Laws of
Motion.
Newton’s first law of motion states
that…
An object at rest stays at rest and
an object in motion stays in
motion with the same speed and
in the same direction unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force.
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Mass and Inertia
An object’s inertia depends on its mass. Mass is the amount of matter or
substance that makes up an object. It is measured in units called kilogram. An
object with a greater mass has a greater inertia and an object with a lesser mass
will also have a lesser inertia.
An object’s tendency to resist change in its motion depends on its mass. Below
is a wooden box and a styrofoam box, which do you think has a greater mass?
lesser? Which has a greater inertia?
wooden box styrofoam box
Exploring Inertia
Inertia has three types:
Inertia of rest- an object will stay in place unless something or somebody
moves it.
Example: a plate on the table
Inertia of motion- an object will continue at the same speed until a force acts
on it.
Example: a rolling ball
Inertia of Direction- an object will stay moving in the same direction unless a
force acts on it.
Example: a moving car turning right
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Forces
What causes an object to move, to stop or remain at rest? A force causes an
object to move, to stop or remain at rest.
Force is defined as a push or a pull.
Newton (N) is the unit of force
One Newton is the amount of force required to give a 1-kg mass an
acceleration of 1 m/s/s. Thus, the following unit equivalency can be
stated as:
1 Newton = 1 kg • m/s²
1. Friction
A rolling marble on the floor that suddenly stops when it reached a rough
surface does not stop because of the absence of a force, it stops because of the
presence of a force called friction.
Friction is a force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are
touching.
Friction occurs because no surface is perfectly smooth.
Rough surfaces have more friction than smooth surfaces.
Heavier objects also have more friction because they are pressed
harder with greater force than lighter objects.
Friction produces heat because it causes the molecules on rubbing
surfaces to move faster and have more energy.
Newton’s first law of motion has always stated that:
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
2. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
A balanced force is a force in which the net force is equal to zero.
What is a net force? A net force is the total
combination of forces (in opposite direction or
the same direction) acting on an object.
Let’s consider the free body diagram of a flower vase on the table. There are two
forces acting on the flower vase. The force of the table pushing the flower vase
upward also called the normal force and the gravitational force pushing the flower
vase downward.
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The forces on the flower vase are balanced
Normal force of the table pushing the flower vase upwards
flower vase
Gravitational force pushing it downwards
Since the two forces are equal and in opposite directions, they balanced each other.
The net force is zero, it means the flower vase is at its equilibrium. There is no
unbalanced force acting on it thus it remains at rest.
What is an unbalanced force?
An unbalanced force is a force in which the net force is greater than zero.
40N 50N
The force produced by the right team is greater
than the left team by 10N tipping the rope to the
right direction.
Unbalanced forces cause acceleration. Only unbalanced force can change the
motion and direction of an object.
Example: Your
pet dog can
move you faster
if he pulls you
with enough
force.
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What’s More
Activity 1.2 Identification
Test your understanding on the different types of inertia. Read and analyze the
different situations given below. Identify the type of inertia. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.
1. When pulling a Band-Aid off, it is better to pull it fast. Your skin will remain at
rest due to inertia, and the force pulls the Band-Aid off.
2. When pedaling a bicycle and you stop pedaling, the bike continues going until
friction or gravity slows it down.
3. When you stir coffee in a cup and stop, the swirling motion continues due to
inertia.
4. If a car is moving forward it will continue to move forward unless friction or the
brakes interfere with its movement.
5. If the wind is blowing, tree branches are moving. Fruits that fall from the tree
will fall in the direction the wind is moving into because of inertia.
What I Have Learned
Activity 1.3 Critical Writing
Answer the questions briefly.
1. State Newton’s first law of motion. What makes the object remain in state of
motion or at rest? Explain why?
2. Explain the difference on Galileo’s idea of inertia and Newton’s first law of
motion.
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What I Can Do
Activity 1.4 Create an Acrostic Poem
Now that you have understood the law of inertia, create an acrostic poem using the
word INERTIA. In creating your poem, you may share what you have learned or
experienced facing the COVID-19 pandemic.
I
N
E
R
T
I
A
Rubric for Acrostic Poem
4 3 2 1
Poetic The acrostic follows Most of the lines of Some of the lines of The acrostic does not
Form poetic form the acrostic poem the acrostic follows follow poetic form
follow poetic form poetic form
Focus The acrostic is very The acrostic relates to The acrostic The acrostic does not
well developed and the topic somewhat relates to relate to the topic
relates to the topic the topic
Spelling No spelling errors 1 to 2 spelling errors 3 to 4 spelling 5 or more spelling
errors errors
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Assessment
Modified True or False. Read each statement carefully. Write True if the
statement is correct and Write the correct term if the statement is incorrect. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_____1. Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist motion.
____2. Newton’s first law of motion is also called the law of acceleration.
____ 3. If an object is at rest, inertia will keep it at rest.
____4. The inertia of an object is determined by its speed
____5. The speed of an object changes only when it is acted on by an
unbalanced force.
_____6. A stationary object resists movement only because of gravity.
_____7. The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion depends on its mass.
_____8. If the net force acting on an object is zero, its inertia is also zero.
_____9. When you are moving at a high rate of speed, inertia makes it to stop.
_____10. Newton’s first law of motion applies to objects that are already moving and
at rest.
_____11. A balanced force is a force in which the net force is greater to zero.
_____12. Unbalanced force causes an object to accelerates.
_____13. Isaac Newton was the first one who developed the idea of inertia.
_____14. In inertia of direction an object will stay moving in the same direction
unless a force acts on it.
_____15. Smooth surfaces has greater friction than rough surfaces.
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Additional Activities
Activity 1.5
Let us see if you can recognize inertia when you see or feel it occur every day. List
at least 5 activities you do every day. You might be surprised at how much
moment of inertia you have in your life.
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What I Know What’s In What’s New
1. A 1. mass
2. A 2. force Inertia keeps the ball rolling.
3. B 3. newton
4. D 4. gravity
5. C 5. friction Answers may vary.
6. B 6. velocity
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. C
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. C
What's More What I Have Learned What I Can Do
1. Inertia of rest 1. Newton’s first law states Answers may vary.
2. Inertia of motion that an object at rest stays
3. Inertia of direction at rest and an object in
4. Inertia of motion motion stays in motion with
5. Inertia of direction the same speed and in the
same direction unless acted
upon by an unbalanced
force.
2.
Assessment Additional Activities
1. True Answers may vary.
2. Inertia
3. True
4. Mass
5. True
6. Friction
7. True
8. True
9. Friction
10. True
11. Unbalanced force
12. True
13. Galileo Galilei
14. True
15. less friction
Answer Key
References
Books and Journals
Commission on Higher Education. Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Physical
Science. Book.
Websites
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B869YF0KEHr7SHFGVG5mVFFhcXc/view.
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Book%3A_University_
Physics_I__Classical_Mechanics_(GeaBanacloche)/02%3A_Acceleration/2.01%3A_T
he_Law_of_Inertia
https://www.britannica.com/science/law-of-inertia
www.physicsclassroom.com
www.pinstrike.com
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