AMOUD UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Numerical Methods
LECTURE NOTES
CHAPTER THREE
Numerical solution of linear equations
(Part one)
CLASS: Junior
FIRST SEMESTER
ACADEMIC YEAR: September, 2020 – July, 2021
LECTURER: Mr. Abdiqani M. Aden (Msc in Research & Statistics; Msc in Pure Mathematics)
Solving System of linear equations by Matrices
The procedure for solving system of linear equations in two variables using matrices is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y=c
a x+b y= c
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b
× =
a b
3. Determine the inverse matrix of
Multiply each side of × = by the inverse of matrix.
4. Solve for x and y by equating corresponding elements.
Example (1)
3 +5 −7=0
Use matrices to solve the system
4 − 3 − 19 = 0
Note:
The procedure for solving system of linear equations in three variables using matrices is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y+c z =d
a x+b y+c z= d
a x+b y+c z= d
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b c d
a b c × = d
a b c d
a b c
3. Determine the inverse matrix of a b c
a b c
a b c d
Multiply each side of a b c × = d by the inverse of matrix.
a b c d
4. Solve for x, y and z by equating corresponding elements.
Numerical Methods Lecture Notes AU 2020 Page 2
Example (2)
+ + −4=0
Solve the system using matrices 2 − 3 + 4 = 33
3 −2 −2 −2=0
Try it!!!
1. In two closed loops of an electrical circuit, the currents flowing are given by the
simultaneous equations:
I + 2I + 4 = 0
5I + 3I − 1 = 0
Use matrices to solve for I and I .
2. The relationship between the displacement s, velocity v, and acceleration a, of a piston is
given by the equations:
s + 2v + 2a = 4
3s – v + 4a = 25
3s + 2v – a = 4
Solving System of linear equations by Cramer’s rule
The procedure for solving system of linear equations in two variables using Cramer’s is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y=c
a x+b y= c
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b c
= c
a b
3. x = and y =
a b c b a c
where D = , D = and D = a c
a b c b
Example (3)
3 −5 =7
Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system
6 − 10 = 14
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Note:
The procedure for solving system of linear equations in three variables using Cramer’s is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y+c z =d
a x+b y+c z= d
a x+b y+c z= d
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b c d
a b c = d
a b c d
3. x = , y= and z =
a b c d b c a d c a d c
where D = a b c ,D = d b c , D = a d c and D = a d c
a b c d b c a d c a d c
Example (4)
A d.c. circuit comprises three closed loops. Applying Kirchhoff’s laws to the closed loops gives
the following equations for current flow in milliamperes:
2I + 3I − 4I = 26
I − 5I − 3I = −87
7I + 2I + 6I = 12
Use Cramer’s rule to solve for I , I and I .
THE END
Numerical Methods Lecture Notes AU 2020 Page 4
