Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Accountancy, Business and Management Strand

IMMERSION PORTFOLIO

Presented to the
Faculty of the Marawi Senior High School
Mindanao State University
Marawi City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Course Requirements
In Work Immersion
S.Y. 2020-2021

Yassin S. Aliusodan
ABM 12-2 Executives

August 2021
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. ME:10 Years from Now

II. Corporate Social Responsibility

III. Business Ethics

IV. ISO Orientation Program

V. Webinar on the Basics of Intellectual Property

VI. Operations Management

VII. Harnessing Social Media to Expand Your Business Training

VIII. Work Ethics

IX. Culture and Gender Sensitivity Orientation

X. Appendices

A. Evaluation Sheet

B. Research Project Abstract (name of the student must be included in

the document)

C. Pictures and other attachments

I. ME:10 Years from Now

I am Yassin S. Aliusodan. A 21 year old Accountancy and Business

Management student of MSU Marawi Senior High school, born on November 22,

1999. To be able to get to a decade and seven of living a life of bliss and sorrow

is something to be grateful at. Currently, things are hectic. A journey of a

student is not easy as some little kid would think it would be. I am struggling

physically, mentally, and emotionally, but I guess that is part of the “human

nature”. Since this is a narrative report about my current and my future life, I

would talk about me. I would be talking on a first person point of view and

would be using the pronoun I a lot.

I don't think about how I want to be ten years from now very often. I have

this kind of mindset where, “If God wants me to be like this, He shall turn me

into this; because he has all the power and ability to do so. So, everything that

happens happens for a reason.” To be honest, knowing that I will be thirty-one

years old in less than a decade and that my youth is coming to an end terrifies

me a little. One thing I know for sure is that if God allows me to live to that age,

I will make the most of my years and work hard to become a successful and a

happy man insha'allah.

 Additionally, to have a good spiritual life is a must. A better connection

with Allah (SWT) is a priority that one must have. To be thankful and grateful

to all the ups and downs of our life that shapes who we are today.

By the year 2025, I should know how to drive a car. To learn and properly

use it to travels, family, and emergency purposes is a skill. To arrive at some

beautiful places and avoid noisy public transportation is time-efficient. For family,

we could go on several trips and travel together for a bonding time.

By the year 2031, I would be thirty one. At that age, I believe that I have

been able to secure a permanent stable job and earnings. To be an accountant

on a public sector of the government has always been my dream since senior

high school. Pleasing respectable environment and work peers should make my

soon-to-be workplace fair enough to be at. I also should still be single by thirty

one. It is a time to strengthen career, have fun and understanding life better

before I add important extensions to the responsibilities. I don’t plan on

marrying yet at that age. I believe that marriage is a serious chapter of life

where I and my partner should be both mentally (mature) and financially

stable. In addition, marriage is not something to be rushed of so I guess it’s

better not to hurry such thing.

 Another thing I believe I would be is that to be in a good relationship with

healthy lifestyle. To be able to do adventurous challenging things in life, one

must be healthy – physically, mentally, and emotionally. By that time, I have

several life experiences to bring out in life and I would use it as an instrument

for positive change and character development in terms of perspectives and my

life vision. I probably can share proper insights by then to younger people and

could guide them through some aspects of life. Living a healthy lifestyle can

help prevent chronic diseases and long-term illnesses. Feeling good about

oneself and taking care of one’s health are important for one’s self-esteem and

self-image. I don’t want to be a man who’ll die on a disease or an incurable

illness. A good lifestyle, distance from unhealthy habits and hence, a stronger

mind and body to live in or with is significant.

With that in mind, I would also be supporting my parents and siblings

financially. Since I am the 2nd eldest sibling of the family and my eldest sister has

already been married to someone, it is my unconscious duty to financially support

the family. I would be able to send my mom to pilgrimage in Makkah, Saudi

Arabia. I would also be able to support my sibling in their academic life by

providing some allowance and assistance. Family life indispensably includes

parents and folks. So, I earnestly wish my relationship with my family to be

hale and hearty.

 Other wishes to be made on that age is to live alone in an urban city

where I can do my things on my own and be independent without worrying and

causing trouble to someone or anyone. A good apartment place near my

workplace should work. I would run errands on my own (with carefulness) and

eat on my own at my house. I would do some things in which I was not able to

experience in Marawi City, such as late night drives and walks on malls and

parks. Marawi City has been very limited with their architectural buildings and

landscapes, in which I pity a lot because I do believe that Marawi City has the

potential and capability to be a bigger known flourishing city once properly

handled and managed.

But the most important thing I would be in my twenties is to be

genuinely happy. Happiness is a choice, they say. To be happy, one must (1)

understand oneself, (2) accept oneself, and (3) make decisions that align with

what his/her value in life. I am aware that life can sometimes be very worse to

each and every one of us, but happy people understand that there are no

guarantees in life, yet they don’t allow that to bring them down. I want to be

that kind of person. I wish my will power strengthens and so does my wisdom.

I will be able to distinguish between right and wrong, whose endeavor begins
from here, the present. A better understanding of life, a tendency to resolve

matters with and for peace, a clear conscience and fair decisive power.

Ten years from now, I am a dedicated professional, loving and caring

member of family and a better human being. A person who can be sought for

advice, help and suggestions, who is a good citizen and values simple things of

happiness in life. I see myself as a strong, independent, healthy, and most

important of all, happy man, and I am aware that the only person that can get

me there is myself by putting all the passion, effort and determination I have in

everything I do.

II. Corporate Social Responsibility

The corporate sector has been under increasing pressure in recent years

to behave in an ethically responsible manner. Recent accountability failures, in

particular, have resulted in bankruptcies and financial statement restatements

that have impacted many shareholders, employees, pensioners, and other

stakeholders. This failure has resulted in a massive financial and economic

crisis that has never been witnessed before. Without a doubt, one of the causes

of such accountability failure is the failure to practice Corporate Social

Responsibility which is understood to mean: (1) profit maximization is not the

sole purpose of the firm, and (2) a firm’s shareholders are not the only

stakeholder group for whom managers bear some responsibility.

 The economy appears to be in desperate need of a moral compass.

Sustainable development, according to the World Commission on Environment

and Development (1987:41), is defined as development that meets current

demands without jeopardizing future generations' ability to meet their own.

Over time, achieving sustainability has become a critical concern. The sphere

of business and economics is called to account in the challenge of constructing

sustainable communities, just as it is in the task of poverty

alleviation/reduction. It appears that a call for rethinking business's position

in society, particularly in the design and implementation of sustainability

practices, is in order.

A company or firm does not exist in isolation. It exists in a civilization

that is populated by people and employs people. Other organizations or

individuals may be harmed as a result of their conduct. Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) is defined as a company's responsibilities or obligations to

society, as well as a company's ongoing commitment to act ethically and

contribute to economic development while improving the workforce's and their

families' quality of life, as well as the local community and society at large.

Organizations and operations are being asked to take responsibility for how

their activities affect society and the environment. It is no longer acceptable for

a corporation to profit at the expense of those who are negatively affected by its
conduct. A company must now concentrate on creating societal impacts and

accepting responsibility for its actions.

In relation to sustainable development, the message of CSR is that “…

whatever we do today will have an impact on future generations. It’s not just

my kids or your kids or somebody else’s. It’s future generations. We should not

hope that the walls we build to protect ourselves will be tall enough to protect

our children. Only with every conscious effort we can make the world for them

a better place to live… even if we address our most selfish needs of the next

generation. That’s what CSR is about.”

Over the years, businesses and organizations are confronted with this

allegations: (1) little concerns for their consumers, (2) cares nothing about the

deteriorating social order, (3) has no concept of acceptable ethical behavior,

and (4) indifferent to the problems of minorities and the environment.

When we talk about Corporate Social Responsibility, we're talking about

a company or organization that takes seriously the influence of its actions on

society. It challenges individuals to examine their actions in the context of a

larger social system, and it holds them accountable for the consequences of

their actions anywhere within that system.

 The pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: (1) Philanthropic

Responsibilities – be a good corporate citizen, (2) Ethical Responsibilities – be

ethical, (3) Legal Responsibilities – obey the law, and (4) Economic

Responsibilities – be profitable. The CSR equation: Economic responsibilities +

Legal responsibilities + Ethical responsibilities + Philanthropic responsibilities

= CSR.

From the 1950’s to the present, the concept of CSR has gained

considerable acceptance and the meaning has been broadened to include

specific issues, such as: (1) corporate governance and business ethics, (2)

product safety and supply chain, (3) honesty in advertising, (3) employee rights

and working conditions, (4) compliance with regulations, norms and standards,

(5) environmental sustainability, (6) charitable donations, and (7) local

communities.

These are the evolving viewpoints of CSR: (1) CSR considers the impact of

the company’s actions on society; (2) CSR requires decision makers to take

actions that protect and improve the welfare of society as a whole along with

their own interests; (3) CSR supposes that the corporation has not only

economic and legal obligations, but also certain responsibilities to society

which extend beyond these obligations; and (4) CSR related primarily on
achieving outcomes from organizational decisions concerning specific issues or

problems which (by some normative standard) have beneficial rather than

adverse effects upon pertinent corporate stakeholders, The normative

correctness of the products of corporate action have been the main focus of

CSR.

These are the arguments against CSR: (1) restricts the classic economic

goal of profit maximization, (2) business is not equipped to handle social

activities, (3) dilutes the primary purpose of business, (4) increases the power

of business, (5) limits the ability to compete in a global marketplace, (6)

addresses social issues brought on by business, and allows business to be part

of the solution, (7) protects business self-interest, (8) wards off future

government intervention, (9) addresses issues by using business resources and

expertise, (10) addresses issues by being proactive, and (11) the public

supports CSR.

Challenges to CSR includes (1) Employees – employees are increasingly

looking beyond paychecks and benefits and they seek our employers whose

operating practices match their own principles, (2) Supply Chain –

organizations must practice ethical sourcing; supplies and raw materials must

be sourced in a way that help and communities. Ethical sourcing is the process

of ensuring products are sourced and obtained in a responsible and

sustainable way, that the workers making them are safe and treated fairly and

that the environment and social impact are always considered. (3)Customers –

the ethical or unethical conduct of companies have a growing influence on the

buying decisions of consumers; and (4) Sustainability – to utilize the resources

required to carry out business operations without jeopardizing the potential of

these resources for the people of the future.

The task or protecting and preserving the environment is everybody’s

responsibility. Business, however, should get the bigger share of this

responsibility for the ff. reasons: (1) business uses natural resources in the

production of goods and services, and (2) business disposes wastes to the

environment.

Dimensions of the Ecological problems: (1) Population Explosion – this is

a problem because the earth and its resources are limited. Moga SJ explains

that if human population on earth continues to grow, the whole human race

will soon come to a point where the earth’s space and resources will be used

up, resulting to famine, poverty and more pollution. (2) Depletion of Natural

resources – this is mainly attributed to activities of business. Once these

resources are gone, there is no way they can be replenished. (3) Pollution of the

Environment – the wastes of our increased population and from our modern
industrial lifestyle are destroying the land, air, and water of our planet earth.

(4) Destruction of the Earth.

Because of those problems related to environment, there is a need for

corporations to practice environmental ethics. According to Ramon Agapay , in

his book Ethics and the Filipino defined it as the study of ma’s moral obligation

to preserve the environment and the natural orders of things. Hence, man has

3 important things to imbibe: (1) Man has a moral obligation to preserve the

environment, (2) Man has a primary duty to take care of the environment, and

(3) Man must submit to the demands of natural law and must not intervene

carelessly with the work of nature.

It's critical for your organization to operate in a way that exhibits social

responsibility. Although it is not required by law, it is considered good practice

to consider social and environmental considerations. CSR implies that you're a

company that cares about broader social concerns than just those that affect

your bottom line, which will attract customers that share your beliefs. In a

way, corporate social responsibility also plays an important role in the

advancement of society, which ultimately benefits only us. As a result,

operating sustainably makes good business sense. In today’s scenario of cut

throat competition, everyone is so occupied in chasing targets and handling the

pressure at workplace that we actually forget that there is a world around us

as well.

III. Business Ethics

Business is an entity which economic resources – materials or labor are

put together to provide goods to customers in exchange of money or goods or

services. A business organization comes in different types and different

ownership: (1) service, (2) merchandising, (3) manufacturing. Service provides

intangible products like professional skills, expertise, and advice. Examples are

FedEx, Grab, and David’s salon. Merchandising business buys products at

wholesale price and sells the same at retail price. They make profit by selling

the products at higher prices than their purchase cost. A merchandising

business sells a product by not changing its form. National book store, Shopee,

and grocery store are considered merchandising business. Manufacturing

business buys products with the intention of using them as materials in

making a new product. Thus, there is a transformation of the product’s

purchase. It combines raw materials, labor, and overhead cost in its

production process. The manufactured goods will then be sold to customers.

Panasonic, Coca Cola, and Toyota are some of the examples.

Another type of business organization is a hybrid business. They are

classified in more than one type of business. Restaurants are a good example.
They sell their own manufactured food, resell some merchandised goods, and

provides service for the customers.

There are different forms of organization. Sole Proprietorship business is

owned by only one person. He/she completely controls the finances and the

operation of the business. Partnership is another form of business organization

that is owned by two or more persons who contribute resources into the entity.

The partners divide the profit of the business among themselves, but they need

to work as one, for they are responsible for making decisions that will impact

the business. Corporation is a business form that is owned by stockholders. It

has separate legal personality from its owners but guided by a group of officers

known as Board of Directors. The Board of Directors nominates or selects its

leader and named as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The ownership of the

stock corporation is represented by the shares of stock. The owners are named

as stockholders and enjoy limited liability but have limited involvement in the

company’s operation.

Another is Limited Liability Companies (LLC’s). It is a business structure

in the United States where the owners are not personally liable for the

company’s debt or liabilities but they are enjoying the capacity of the

corporation. A cooperative is also another type of business organization. It is

owned by a group of individuals (members) and is operated for their mutual

benefits.
 The role of business organizations in the economy includes: (1) providing

products and services, (2) job creations, and (3) providing help to citizens

through its taxes.

Ethics or moral philosophy is moral principles that guide the conduct of

individuals. It is concerned with questions of how people ought to act, and the

search for a definition of right conduct and the good life. Therefore, ethics is

knowing what is bad and what is good.

Business ethics examines ethical principles and moral or ethical

problems that may arise in a business environment. Corporate Social

responsibility is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of

society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers,

employees, shareholders, communities and the environment in all aspects of

their operations, over and above the statutory obligation to comply with

legislation.

The business act ethically because of the following: (1) to protect its own

interest, (2) to protect the interest of the business community as a whole so

that the public will have its trust, (3) to keep its commitment to society to act

ethically, (4) to meet stakeholder expectations, (5) to prevent harm to the

general public, (6) to build trust with key stakeholder groups, (7) to protect

themselves from abuse of unethical employees and competitors, (8) to protect

their own reputations, (9) to protect their own employees, and (10) to create an

environment in which workers can act in ways consistent with their values.
 The social function of a business is also discussed. Poverty is a state or

condition in which a person or community lacks financial resources and

essentials for minimum standard of living. It is experienced and understood

differently by different people in different regions at different times. It is being

conceptualized as a deficiency or shortage of some sort, typically in comparison

either on the living standards of others within the same society or culture, or to

the universal measure of adequate provision. Historically, the shortage has

been considered synonymous to lack of income or at least insufficient income

with meet the household’s daily needs. It signifies that a person’s level of

income from employment is so low; a basic human need can’t be met. Poverty

stricken people and families might go without proper housing, clean water,

healthy food, and medical attention. The common traits for those living in

extreme poverty includes little to no education under the age of 18 and work in

farming or agriculture.

The reasons of poverty are the following: (1) unequal distribution of

economic growth – why is it that coastal provinces receive more than those in

hinter land, (2) failure of the government- sometimes they are being neglecting

the purse of the poor, (3) cultural – there are some countries where women face

extreme discrimination, that they are often illiterate and poorly treated by in-

laws and law, and lack of social standing and even legal protection.

Poverty alleviation or poverty reduction is one of the world’s most

important challenges and it is proposed by a private sector that has an

important role to play in creating an economic growth, employment, and

purchasing options needed for significant poverty reduction. Poverty alleviation

refers to the living condition of people who are poor through SMEs and

microfinancing. SMEs are a great contributor to the economic growth and a

tool to reduce poverty in developing countries. Microfinancing is also believed

to be an effective tool in the arsenal of the war against poverty by many

witnesses to its success to many developing regions around the world.

Areas of businesses that is most in of ethical attention: (1) social

responsibilities of Capitalist business practices – the responsibility of business

is not only to gain profit but also to do Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR);

(2) morality of advertising – sometimes an advertisement can present false

statement about the product may it be in the picture or individual word that

may deceive the eye and mind; however, consumers are protected by the

government through RA 7394; (3) basic employee rights, job discrimination and

other related ethical issues – but in the Philippines, we are protected by the

Labor Code of the Philippines as well as RA 6727 or the Wage Rationalization

Act; (4) pollution and resource depletion; (5) whistleblowing – an act of

disclosing of what he believes as unethical or illegal and is synonymous to

traitor.

Honesty, fairness, accountability, empathy, respect, and trust are the

values that must be applied in businesses.

 Another topic that was mentioned is code of ethics. Code of ethics is the

guiding principles designed to help professionals conduct business honestly

and with integrity. The document may outline the mission and values of the

business or organization, how professionals are supposed to approach

problems, the ethical principles based on the organization's core values, and

the standards to which the professional is held. There are four types of

organizational culture in Sauser's Taxonomy: (1) Culture of Defiance, (2)

Culture of Compliance, (3) Culture of Neglect, and (4) Culture of Character.

Corporate culture is often defined as a set of shared beliefs and values

that influence the behaviors and actions of employees. It can also be helpful to

think of culture as the personality of the organization the combination of a

company's history, vision, people, and environment. There are five elements of

a great corporate culture: (1) Mission and Vision, (2) Values, (3) Work

Environment, (4) Communication, and (5) Management.

Organizational Culture is a system of shared assumptions, values, and

beliefs, which governs how people behave in organizations. Organizational

culture includes an organization's expectations experiences, philosophy, and

values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings,

interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. Organizational

culture is composed of seven characteristics that range in priority from high to

low: (1) Innovation (Risk Orientation), (2) Attention to Detail (Precision

Orientation), (3) Emphasis on Outcome (Achievement Orientation), (4)

Emphasis on People (Fairness Orientation), (5) Teamwork (Collaboration

Orientation), (6) Aggressiveness (Competitive Orientation), and (7) Stability

(Rule Orientation).

Filipino value system’s effect on the business side has also been

explained. Filipino values refer to the set of values or the value system that a

majority of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives. Here are

some Filipino values: (1) Utang na Loob, (2) Filial Piety, (3) Padrino, (4) Suki, (5)

Bahala na, (6) Amor Propio, and (7) Mañana Habit. Here are some Filipino

family values: (1) Hospitality, (2) Humor, Adaptability, and Creativity, (3)

Resilience, Resourcefulness and the Ability to Survive, (4) Faith and Religiosity,

and (5) Hard Work and Industry. Here also are the negative traits: (1) Bribery

and Corruption, (2) General Disregard for Rules, (3) Pagtatakpan, (4) Gossiping,

and (5) Ningas-Cogon.

IV. ISO Orientation Program

The ISO Orientation Program was held on 26 th of May 2021 via Zoom and

Facebook Live Stream. The DAP Project Team shall conduct a brief orientation
in the service quality concepts, importance, principles, and requirements of

ISO 9001:2015. The orientation had discussed the importance and benefits of

implementing QMS for improving service quality and productivity in the public

sector.

International Organization for Standardization is an independent, non-

government international organization with a membership of 164 national

standards bodies tasked to create international standards. ISO is derived from

the Greek word “isos”, meaning equal.

ISO 9001:2015 is an international standard dedicated to Quality

Management Systems (QMS). It outlines a framework for improving quality and

a vocabulary of understanding for any organization looking to provide products

and services that consistently meet the requirements and expectations of

customers and other relevant interested parties in the most efficient manner

possible. First published in 1987, the latest iteration (ISO 9001:2015) replaces

ISO 9001:2008. ISO 9001 helps organizations ensure their customers

consistently receive high quality products and services, which in turn brings

many benefits, including satisfied customers, management, and employees.

ISO 9001:2015 requires that the quality policy is also appropriate to the

context of the organization, not just its purpose. This requires the review and
possible update of the organization’s quality policy if there is any change in the

context of the organization or the relevant requirements of the applicable

interested parties. Another reinforcement of the concept that the QMS is not

just an add-on to business is a crucial requirement that the quality policy is in

tune with the organization’s strategic direction. Any change in strategic

direction will now require a rethink of the quality policy.

ISOs overall mission is built on the following core initiatives for its

members: (1) Strengthening the links between standardization and public

policy by providing thought leadership and promoting awareness of best

practices, (2) Identifying and building national standardization strategies by

applying best practices, (3) Ensuring the efficient operation of their

organizations while managing financial sustainability and risk, (4) Ensuring

participation of, and collaboration with, key stakeholders in all standardization

projects, and (5) Increasing adherence to Good Standardization Practices (GSP)

among standards experts in every national organization and evaluating all

processes to determine their alignment with the World Trade Organization

(WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement.

The QMS aims to increase an organization’s awareness of its duties and

commitment in fulfilling the needs and expectations of its customers and

interested parties, and in achieving satisfaction with its products and services.

The QMS is the aggregate of all the processes, resources, assets, and cultural
values that support the goal of customer satisfaction and organizational

efficiency.

Specific sections of the standard contain information on many topics,

such as: (1) Requirements for a QMS, including documented information,

planning and determining process interactions, (2) Responsibilities of

management, (3) Management of resources, including human resources and an

organization’s work environment, (4) Product realization, including the steps

from design to delivery, and (5) Measurement, analysis, and improvement of

the QMS through activities like internal audits and corrective and preventive

action.

Productivity and Quality Concepts was mentioned. Quality is: (1) doing

things right the first time, (2) fitness for use, (3) conformance to requirements,

(4) pride in workmanship, and (5) satisfying customers. Quality is the totality of

features and characteristics of a product/service that bears on its ability to

satisfy stated or implied needs of customers. When you improve quality, you

automatically improve productivity. When you improve quality, your cost

decreases. When your cost decreases, your productivity improves. When your

productivity improves, you can capture the market. When you capture the

market, you stay in business. When you stay in business, you provide jobs and

more jobs to people.

 QMS: (1) Comprises activities by which the organization identifies its

objectives and determines the processes and resources required to achieve

desired results, (2) Provides the means to identify actions to address identified

and unintended consequences in providing products and services, (3) Manages

the interacting processes and resources required to provide value and realize

results for relevant interested parties, and (4) Enables top management to

optimize the use of resources considering the long and short term

consequences of their decision.

QMS aims to increase an organization’s awareness of its duties and

commitment in fulfilling the needs and expectations of its customers and

interested parties, and in achieving satisfaction with its products and services.

Quality Management Principles are the following: (1) Customer Focus –

you should meet customer requirements and exceeding customer expectations,

(2) Leadership – you should establish unity of purpose and direction, (3)

Engagement of People – you should enhance the organizational capability to

create and deliver value by engaging competent and empower people at all

levels, (4) Process Approach – you should understand and manage interrelated

processes that function as a coherent system, (5) Improvement – successful

organizations have an ongoing focus on improvement, (6) Evidence-based

Decision Making – you should decide based on the analysis of data and

information that are more likely to produce desired results, and (7)
Relationship Management – you should manage relationships with relevant

interested parties, such as providers, for sustained success.

Elements of success in ISO: (1) Top management commitment, (2) Core

team commitment, (3) Organization-wide employee participation, cooperation,

and support, (4) Proper time management, and (5) Close coordination.

ISO 9001:2015 sets a global standard for Quality Management Systems

and ensures their efficiency for products, services, and international supply

chains. Whether an organization is starting down the path of a QMS or

transitioning to the 2015 standard, ISO 9001:2015 embodies the best practices

of Quality Management and Quality certification.

V. Webinar on the Basics of Intellectual Property

The said Webinar on the Basis of Intellectual Property was held on 27 th of

May 2021 via Zoom and Facebook Live Stream.

Atty. Edgar Alan A. Donasco shared his knowledge on Intellectual

Property (IP) Rights and Protection. Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations

of the mind – everything from works of art to inventions, ,computer programs

to trademarks and other commercial signs. IP matters because creativity and

inventiveness are vital. They spur economic growth, create new jobs and

industries, and enhance the quality and enjoyment of life. In general,

Intellectual rights would allow as the PUEDAR. P – possess, U – use, E – enjoy

or exclude others, D – dispose, A – alienable, and R – recover. The Intellectual

Property Rights consist of (1) Copyright and Related rights, (2) Trademarks and

Service marks, (3) Geographic indicators, (4) Industrial design, (5) Patents, (6)

Lay-out designs (topographies) or Integrated Circuits, and (7) Protection of

Undisclosed Information.
 Copyrights includes: (1) Literary works, (2) films, (3) music, and (4)

artistic works. Intellectual properties includes: (1) patents, (2) trademarks, (3)

industrial designs, and (4) geographical indicators. Patents is the exclusive

right granted for a product, a process, a computer implemented invention (CII)

or an improvement of a product or process or a CII. Patent owners have the

exclusive rights to commercially make, sell, distribute, import, and use their

patented inventions within the territory covered by the patent during the period

of protection. Patentability (Rule 200) Patentable Inventions – Any technical

solution of a problem in any field of human activity which is new, involves step

and is industrially applicable shall be patentable (Sec. 21, IP Code). A

patentable invention may be or may relate to: (1) a product, such as machine, a

device, or an article of manufacture, a composition of matter, a microorganism,

(2) a process, such as a method of use, a method of manufacturing, a non-

biological process, a microbiological process, (3) computer-related inventions,

and (4) an improvement of any of the foregoing. Nature of Patents Protection:

(a) First-to-File System, (b) Terms of 20 years from filling date, without renewal,

and (3) “Territorial” – a protection that is only in countries where they have

been applied for and granted. Non-patentable Inventions include: (a) discovery,

(b) scientific theory, (c) mathematical methods, (d) scheme, rule and methods of

performing mental acts, (e) playing games, (f) doing business, (g) program for

computer – no technical character, (h) method for treatment – human or

animal body by surgery or therapy and diagnostic method, (i) plant variety or
animal breed or essentially biological processes for the production of plants

and animals, (j) aesthetic creation, and (k) contrary to public order or morality.

Requirements for patentability includes: (1) novel – new, (2) inventive steps –

non-obvious, and (3) industrial applicability – useful.

An invention shall not be considered new if it forms part of a prior art

(Section 23, R.A. 8293). A prior art is everything made available to the public

by the means of: (1) patents, (2) presentations done in forum, (3) used in the

past, and (4) anything that is in the public knowledge before the filing date. If

you have already disclosed or published your inventions in a journal,

demonstrate, sell, or discuss tour invention in public, you can still file a patent

within One (1) year from the date of disclose or publication, this is called

Grace period or Non-Prejudicial. Test of novelty includes: (1) only one year prior

art document/disclosure is to be considered, and (2) combination of separate

items of prior art document/disclosure is not permissible.

An invention involves an inventive step, if having regard to prior art – it is

not obvious to a person skilled in the art (Sec. 26, R.A. 8293). The claimed

invention is “obvious” if the person skilled in the art on the relevant date would

have been motivated or prompted to realize the claimed invention by

substituting, combining, or modifying one or more of those items of prior art

with a reasonable likelihood of success. The term “obvious” is used as

equivalent to the expression “lacking an inventive step”. Test of obviousness

includes: (1) does not go beyond the normal progress of technology, (2) follows

plainly or logically from the prior art, and (3) does not involve the exercise of

any skill or ability beyond that to be expected of a person skilled in the art.

An invention that can be produced and used in any industry shall be

industrially applicable (Sec. 26, R.A. 8293). Industry includes all

manufacturing, extracting and processing activities of enterprises that were

carried out continuously, independently and for commercial gain. “Industry”

need not however have been conducted for profit - and a product which was

shown to be used to cure a rare disease could be considered capable of

industrial application even if it had never been intended for use in trade at all.

Utility Model (UM) is any technical solution of a problem in any field of

human activity which is new and is industrially applicable. Term is seven years

from filling date without renewal. Criteria for Utility model (UM) includes (1)

novelty – newness or it does not form part of the prior art, (2) inventive step - it

is not obvious to a person skilled in the art of the time of the filling, (3)

industrial applicability – can be produced and used in any industry.

Plant Varieties. Philippine Plant Variety Protection Act of 2002. Republic

Act No. 9168, which was enacted in 2002, established a certification system to

protect newly-discovered, bred or cultivated plant varieties. Under this act, the

National Plant Variety Protection Board (NPVPB) may issue a “Certificate of

Plant Variety Protection” to plant varieties that are new, distinct, uniform, and

stable.

Trademark is a sign or combination of signs capable of distinguishing the

goods or service of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trademarks

are marks of ownership. Functions of Trademark: (1) Indicators of origin –

inform consumers the source and those responsible for the products and

services sold in the market, (2) indicators of quality – allows consumer to

choose a particular trademark for its known quality, and (3) tool for marketing

– consumers make purchases based on the continuous influence of

advertisement. A trademark can be: (1) one word or letters or numbers, (2)

group of words, (3) sign, symbol, or logo, and (4) a combination of words and

logo/sign/symbol. Duration of Trademark Protection is 10 years from the filing

and renewable for unlimited 10 year periods and Declaration of Actual Use

(DAU) is required.

Industrial designs constitute the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an

article. It may consist of three dimensional features, such as the shape of an

article, or two dimension features, such as patters, lines, or color. Industrial

designs requirements for registration includes: (1) new or original, (2) has

ornamental or aesthetic value. Duration of the registration of industrial designs

is five years from the filing date of the application. The registration may be
renewed for not more than two consecutive periods of five years each, by

paying the renewal fee.

Lay-out design (topography) of Integrated Circuits (LDIC) refers

essentially to the three-dimensional character of the elements and

interconnection of an integrated circuit. An integrated circuit (IC) is an

electronic circuit which the elements of the circuit are integrated into a

medium and which functions as a unit. Conditions/Requirements for

registration includes: (1) 113.3 Only lay-out designs of integrated circuits that

are original shall benefit from protection under this Act. A lay-out design shall

be considered original if it is the result of its creator’s own intellectual effort

and is not commonplace among creators of lay-out designs and manufacturers

of integrated circuits at the time of its creation, (2) 113.4 A lay-out design

consisting of a combination of elements and interconnections that are

commonplace shall be protected only if the combination, taken as a whole, is

original.

Geographical Indications (GIs) are indications which identify a good as

originating in the territory or a region or locality, where a given quality,

reputation or other characteristics of the goof is essentially attributable to its

geographical origin. They serve as quality indicators of goods and services. GIs
as quality indicators, are widely used by procedures, distributors, and retailers

as an advertising or promotional tool to attract consumers and investors. It

does extend some protection to geographical indications as a Collective

Trademark.

Trade Secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern,

or compilation of information which is not generally known by which a

business can obtain an economic advantage over competitors or customers.

There is no formal intellectual property process for protecting a trade secret. To

protect and benefit from trade secrets, a business must: (1) obtain business

value from the secret, (2) keep the business information a secret, and (3) take

all the possible measures to ensure that the business information remains a

secret. Trade secrets can potentially last forever provided the information

actually remains a secret. Once the secret is out, the business value is usually

lost and the trade secret protection ends.

Copyright is the legal protection extended to the owner of the rights in an

original work –WIPO. Works are protected by the sole fact of their creation,

irrespective of the mode or form of expression, as well as their content, quality,

and purpose.

The protection of intellectual property is essential for supporting

innovation. Businesses and individuals would not realize the full benefits of
their discoveries if ideas were not protected, and they would spend less time on

research and development. Artists would also not be fairly compensated for

their work, and cultural life would decline as a result. These rights are

important for your business since they may be utilized to safeguard your own

creations as well as providing beneficial business tools that can be

economically exploited.
VI. Operations Management

Operations management is chiefly concerned with planning, organizing

and supervising in the contexts of production, manufacturing or the provision

of services. As such, it is delivery-focused, ensuring that an organization

successfully turns inputs to outputs in an efficient manner. It is the business

function responsible for managing the process of creation of goods and

services. Because operations management is a management function, it

involves managing people, equipment, technology, information, and all the

other resources needed in the production of goods and services. Operations

management is the central core function of every company. This is true

regardless of the size of the company, the industry it is in, whether it is

manufacturing or service, or is for-profit or not-for-profit.

There are two key terms that of what operations management is more

precisely: supply chain management and logistics. Operations management has

firm foundations in both areas. For example, understanding global trends in

supply chain management in order to meet client demand is often critical. With

logistics the careful and considered use of resources, as well as cost-

effectiveness, has become increasingly important in an era in which resources

can often be in short supply and customer expectations have skyrocketed.

The high efficiency obtained in [Link] Inc.'s operations

management (OM), which directly influences productivity, is critical to the

company's e-commerce success. Amazon, as the world's largest e-commerce

company, exemplifies the importance of technologically enabled productivity for

best service efficiency. Amazon's ability to provide appropriate support for

operations despite global expansion and a broadening of the product mix can

be improved through continuous improvement. Amazon maintains its

dominance in online retail and e-commerce through strong operations

management.

Amazon’s operation Management: (1) Design of Goods and Services - This

strategic decision area of Amazon's operations management deals with the

design of organizational output. Amazon primarily addresses this concern

through technology; (2) Quality Management - The goal of this strategic

decision area is to maximize the quality of operational output in order to meet

customer expectations. In its e-commerce business, [Link] Inc. uses a

continuous improvement approach to operations management. The company's

organizational culture encourages employees to come up with new ideas; (3)

Process and Capacity Design - Optimizing production processes and capacity is

one of operations management's goals. Amazon uses substantial automation to

optimize its business processes in this critical decision area. (4) Location

Strategy - In this strategic decision area of operations management, the

accessibility of resources and markets is taken into account. The emphasis is

on the strategic location of warehouses or fulfillment centers in the case of

[Link] Inc. (5) Layout Design and Strategy - Operations managers' goal in

this strategic decision area is to optimize the mobility of people resources,

materials, and information. Amazon addresses this objective through efficient

layout designs that align with computer-assisted processes; (6) Job Design and

Human Resources - In this strategic decision area, the focus is on human

resource development. Amazon's operations management employs both in-

house hiring methods and third-party employment firms. (7) Supply Chain

Management - In this strategic decision area, the operations management

concern is to simplify the supply chain to achieve corporate objectives. Amazon

achieves this through automating processes and allowing suppliers and buyers

access to certain of its IT assets. (8) Inventory Management - Operations

management focuses on ensuring efficient inventory ordering and holding in

inventory management. Amazon addresses this strategic decision area through

a finished goods inventory using just-in-time inventory management in some

areas; (9) Scheduling - To guarantee that resources meet market demands,

operations managers evaluate intermediate and short-term schedules. For its

online retail business, Amazon relies on suppliers' involvement in this strategic

decision area; (10) Maintenance - This strategic decision area emphasizes the
reliability and stability of business processes. The operations management of

[Link] Inc. entails specialist teams for the upkeep of technology assets.

Amazon's business productivity primarily refers to the efficiency with

which its employees and automated systems complete customer orders. In

online retail operations, the company’s employees must move fast in packing

and shipping items to fulfill customers’ orders.

The ten decisions for effective and efficient operations are covered by

Toyota Motor Corporation's operations management (OM). Toyota employs a

diverse set of techniques for the ten operations management decisions,

incorporating local and regional automotive market conditions, due to the

worldwide scale of its automobile industry and facilities around the world.

Toyota is an example of successful worldwide operations management.

Toyota's Management of Operations: (1) Product and Service Design -

Through technical innovation and quality, Toyota handles this strategic

decision area of operations management. The corporation invests in R&D to

ensure that its products have improved features. Toyota also integrates

dealership personnel needs in designing aftersales services, (2) Quality

Management - To ensure the highest level of quality, the organization employs

the Toyota Production System (TPS). One of the most important aspects of TPS
is quality. Additionally, Toyota addresses this strategic decision area of

operations management through continuous improvement, which is covered in

The Toyota Way, a set of management principles; (3) Process and Capacity

Design - or this strategic decision area of operations management, Toyota

employs lean manufacturing, which is also embodied in TPS. To optimize

process efficiency and capacity utilization, the organization prioritizes waste

avoidance. As a result, Toyota's process and capacity design promote company

efficiency and cost-effectiveness; (4) Location Strategy - Toyota employs global,

regional, and local location strategies; (5) Layout Design and Strategy - Toyota's

manufacturing plants employ lean manufacturing principles in their layout

design. The company strives for maximum workflow efficiency in this strategic

decision area of operations management. Toyota dealership layout design, on

the other hand, meets the firm's standards while also including dealer input;

(6) Job Design and Human Resources - the corporation uses The Toyota Way

and TPS to make strategic decisions in this area of operations management.

The firm emphasizes respect for all people in The Toyota Way, and this is

integrated in HR programs and policies. Also, Toyota has training programs

based on TPS to ensure lean manufacturing practice; (7) Supply Chain

Management - Toyota's supply chain management is based on lean

manufacturing. In this strategic decision area of operations management, the

company uses automation systems for real-time adjustments in supply chain

activity. Toyota reduces the bullwhip impact in its supply chain in this way; (8)

Inventory Management - To handle this strategic decision area of operations

management, Toyota uses just-in-time inventory management to reduce

inventory levels. The goal is to reduce inventory size and associated costs. The

Toyota Production System covers this inventory management strategy; (9)

Scheduling - Toyota schedules according to lean manufacturing concepts. The

company's goal in this strategic decision-making area of operations

management is to cut operating costs as much as possible. HR and resource

scheduling that changes according to market conditions are used to keep costs

low. (10) Maintenance - To serve its global business, Toyota has built a network

of strategically situated facilities over many years. In addition, the organization

offers a global HR network that promotes business flexibility and resilience.

Toyota uses its global business reach to ensure optimal and sustained

productivity in this strategic decision area of operations management.

Operations management is critical to the success of any project. It has

the following advantages: (1) Operation management entails similar

management for all industries or businesses, regardless of the nature of the

operation. Its key components include planning, organizing, staffing,

monitoring, regulating, directing, and inspiring. Organizations must use

operation management to run their daily operations smoothly. An organization

may make better use of its resources, such as labor, raw materials, money, and

other resources, with its help; (2) Operation Management is vital for increasing

total productivity. Productivity is defined as the ratio of input to output.

Productivity is defined as the ratio of input to output. It provides a measure of

both the manager's and the employees' efficiency; (3) Operation management is

the management of the various business activities that take place within an

organization and contributes to making the products align with customer

requirements because the discipline focuses on using the available resources in

the best possible way to achieve end goals; it improves overall productivity

because it focuses on using the available resources in the best possible way to

achieve end goals. Operation management is the heart of a company as it

oversees the complete operation If the products are manufactured catering to

the demands of the customers then, they’ll be sold at a speedy rate; and (4)

Under operation management, there is the optimum utilization of resources

leading to enormous profits of the organization. The efforts of the employees

and the various raw materials are efficiently utilized and converted into the

services and goods required by the organization. Operation management plays

a crucial role in an organization as it handles issues like design, operations,

and maintenance of the system used for the production of good.

VII. Harnessing Social Media to Expand Your Business Training

The orientation on the subject, Harnessing Social Media to Expand Your

Business Training, was dated on 6th of April 2021 via Google Meet. The invited

speaker is Mr. Jeff Klein and hosted by Mr. Arvin Arañas.

The discussion is all about the use of social media to a better level on

promoting the business of a person or of an organization.

Social platforms help business connect with their customers, increase

awareness about their brand, and boost their leads and sales. With more than
three billion people around the world using social media every month, the

users and engagement on major platforms just keep increasing. Social media

provides immense potential for businesses because consumers habitually log

on to it daily and are exposed to companies. It also presents huge challenges

for businesses, however, because it’s an ever-changing space that is extremely

noisy and crowded.

Things were mentioned such as the data of: As of January 2020, the

most used social media platform in the Philippines is Facebook. Also, here are

the daily time duration spent with media by Filipinos: (1) 9 hours and 45

minutes on using the internet, (2) 3 hours and 53 minutes on using social

media, (3) 3 hours and 49 minutes on watching television, (4) 2 hours and 5

minutes on streaming to music streaming services, and (5) 1 hour and 33

minutes on using game consoles.

Facts like the following were also talked about for further information: (1)

Filipinos are number one social media users in the world – 73 million active

users, 4 hours per day on social, 98% access through mobile, (2) businesses

are on social media – 91% went online to search products, 76% purchased

products online (fashion and beauty, electronics, food and persona care,

furniture and appliance, toys and hobbies), 50% of buyers saw social media

ads, (3) the buying public is on social media – 52.7% (18-24) female, 31.0%

(25-34) male, (4) Facebook is the king (in the Philippines) – 75 million users

(53% female, 47% male), and (5) Instagram is a world of its own – 11 million
users (64% of Filipino internet users use Instagram, popular with above -40

crowd).

In addition, (1) on October 2010 – Mike Krieger and Kevin Systrome

launches Instagram and gets hundred thousands of uses in one week, (2) on

December 2010 – Instagram hits one million users, (3) on April 2012 –

Facebook acquires Instagram for US$1 billion, (4) on June 2018 – Instagram

reaches one billion users worldwide, (5) Zuckerberg registered the domain

[Link] in January 2004, (6) by the end of 2004,

[Link] had one million active users, (7) in 2005, it officially became

[Link], and (8) in 2006, [Link] opened its membership to

anyone over 13.

As we have tackled the popularity and history of Facebook, it is time to

engage with it. Facebook engagement is any action someone takes on your

Facebook page or one of your posts. Facebook reach is the number of unique

people who saw your content.

But first things first, (1) Quality is a top priority, (2) Packaging matters,

and (3) Consistent messaging equals good branding.

To engage with people on Facebook for the sole purpose of business, one

should do the following:

(1) Create a business profile

 a) Effective cover photo

b) Profile photo and logo

c) Contact details

(2) Visual Content boosts engagement

- A strong, powerful or interesting things image can grab your

audience’s eye and get them engaged in whatever you’re sharing.

a) Product shot

b) Left-align text

c) White text

d) Call-to-action

e) Think square

f) Consistent color palette

g) Rules of odds

h) Rule of thirds

i) White balance

j) Negative space

(3) Timing matters

- Know when your customers are most active

- Don’t over-post

- 1x a day, 3-5x a week, 1-2 ads a month

(4) Keep it short and sweet

- 40-80 words (maximum of 63,206 characters

 - Posts that contain eighty words or less receive 86% more

engagement

As it continues to weave itself into the daily patterns of our lives, more

consumers will go to new and upcoming social platforms for purchasing

decisions. Those who have a strong social media presence and branding will

increase conversion rates, while those without active social media campaigns

could lose potential customers.

Mr. Jeff Klein also talked about the usage of Canva. Canva is a graphic

design tool that makes creating custom graphics easy. It's easily accessible by

phone or tablet and is user friendly. Not only can you use it to spice up your

social media content, but you can also use it to design things like

presentations, invitations, posters, brochures, business cards, etc. When your

business enters the social media realm, you need to provide engagement

worthy content that will resonate with your target audience.

Canva has a free version for you to use and it's not for a "limited time

only" either. You'll be able to create, download, and post visually appealing

content without spending a dime in no time. Canva understands each social

media platform has its own preference for image size. That's why they've made

it simple to resize your image with a click of a button with CanvaPro. The

design tool has most social media platform image sizes already listed out, but

there is also an option to customize dimensions if needed. CanvaPro provides

this wonderful feature so you can store all your brand's colors, fonts, and logos

in one place. There will be no need to continuously upload your brand's assets

each time. When you open up Canva to create a new graphic, your brand kit

will be there.

Visual content is a key for brand success on social media. Data has

shown that high-quality visually appealing images typically have a higher

engagement rate than posts with just text. With that said, the business should

be focused on creating authentically pleasing content around the clock.

VIII. Work Ethics

Everyone has been working on their future to work and have their own

sense of achievement. And by working, one must have some decency on their

selves, on their company that they’ve been or will be working on, and on the

environment itself. An employee or a worker must know the term ethics and

work ethics.

For centuries, the story of good vs evil, good men versus bad guys, or

right versus wrong has been told in novels and films. It is, without a doubt, the

most common battle at the heart of all kinds of stories. As a result, it should

come as no surprise that the same fight exists in corporate settings under the

guise of ethical or unethical behavior.

The term ethics refers to the discipline dealing with what are good and

bad with moral duty and obligation. It is a set of moral principles and a theory

or system of moral values. It is a set of principle of conduct governing an

individual or a group and a guiding philosophy. It involves systematizing,

defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.

Work ethics, on the other side, refers to the set of principles that an

employee or ideals that an employee adheres to and applies to their profession.

It includes an employee's attitude and behavior toward their job, career, and
workplace. It also mentions the belief in the moral benefit and importance of

work and its inherent ability to strengthen character. It talks about how you do

your job as an employee, or the responsibilities that came attached with it.

To be able to adapt to these set of morals, the employee and employer

must have: (1) sense of teamwork, (2) sense of responsibility, (3) discipline, (4)

integrity, (5) emphasis on the quality of work, and (6) professionalism.

In addition, the things to incorporate to mind when working are the

following: (1) put the company first, (2) manage your time wisely – be punctual

and maintain good attendance record, (3) be honest – give honest feedbacks

and own up mistakes, (4) maintain balanced and consistent performance – do

quality work and be organized, (5) always show respect – stay calm and poised,

be diplomatic, listen to other’s opinions, and show fair treatment to other, (6)

follow the rules – be aware of the companies policies, (8) observe cleanliness –

keep your workplace neat and come to work in a presentable and appropriate

outfit, (9) do not gossip, (10) refrain from using your phones – do not just sit at

your chair during an office hour using your phones or browsing social media,

and (11) when everything else fails, use your common sense.

The key to having good relationship with your co-workers is to interact

properly with respect to each other’s differences.

 Workplace ethics ensures a pleasant working environment. It results in

contented employees who look forward to going to work rather than seeing it as

a chore. Employees develop a sense of loyalty and devotion to the company as

well. It guarantees that management provides excellent guidance and

mentoring to their staff. It is crucial to recognize that ethical behavior in the

workplace can drive positive employee behaviors that lead to organizational

growth, just as unethical behavior in the workplace can create detrimental

headlines that lead to corporate collapse.

Simply put, organization members that include individuals, groups and

organizations of various types enter into a relationship with a business

organization for that business to protect their interests in a specific way.

As a result, stakeholders and corporate organizations have a shared

expectation that they will operate ethically and in each other's best interests. A

choice by the organization or a stakeholder to act unethically can strain the

relationship and harm the company efficiency. The greater risk of reputational

damage and impact from bad headlines is frequently the driving force behind

businesses' efforts to promote and support ethical behavior, as well as to

prevent and report unethical activity.

Furthermore, in a world where many people are connected to social

media via mobile technology, the risk of unethical behavior damaging an

organization's reputation is arguably much higher than in previous decades, as

behavior is more easily captured on video, photographed, shared online, and

propelled into headlines.

Nonetheless, there are advantages to ethical behavior in the workplace

that go beyond protecting one's reputation. Employee perceptions of an

organization's ethical behavior can lead to favorable consequences and greater

financial results. Performance of employees, work satisfaction, commitment to

the organization, trustworthiness, and organizational citizenship behaviors can

all benefit from a favorable impression of ethical behavior. Altruism,

conscientiousness, civic virtue, sportsmanship, and civility are examples of

organizational citizenship behaviors.

The best part is that businesses may take steps to build a positive

narrative around their reputation by enacting policies that assure ethical

working conditions and perceptions of management performance. To report

unethical activity, several businesses use reactive systems.

However, the single most essential thing that firms can do differently to

promote ethical behavior is to build a proactive employee voice system and use

voice of the employee technologies to provide employees the ability to be heard

ahead of time.
 Transcending excellence and satisfaction is a continual process; as a

result, one must have the necessary commitment and work ethics to succeed.

You can't expect everyone in the office to follow work ethic quotes that are

plastered on the walls. It might work for you at first. A workplace culture, on

the other hand, evolves through time.

As a result, you are unable to adhere to your previous dos and don'ts.

You must adjust to the pulse of your employees and create an environment

where everyone can thrive. Managers can assist in instilling the above-

mentioned work ideals and bringing a beneficial change to the company

culture.
IX. Culture and Gender Sensitivity Orientation

When we are talking about gender sensitivity and cultural norms, we

tend to shy away our voices due to the lack of understanding on this

controversial issue. Many are still ignorant unto this uproar. However, the

MSU-Marawi Senior High school conducted an orientation regarding this topic

on 16th of April 2021. On the said orientation, several subjects related to

culture and gender sensitivity were discussed.

Sex vs Gender. Sex refers to the biological and physiological

characteristics that define men and women. Some examples of sex

characteristics would be: (1) both sexes have different reproductive organs, (2)

menstruation days for women and men do not, (3) beards for men and women

do not, and (4) women can breastfeed while men cannot. On the other hand,

gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and

attributes that a given population or society considers appropriate for men and

women. Examples of gender characteristics: (1) women do housework than

men, (2) women have long hair and men have short hair, (3) women earn less

money than men for similar work. Considering that both were given distinct

definition, let’s dive deeper to the issue on sex and gender.

Gender stereotypes are fixed ideas about different roles, behaviors, and

capacities of men and women. It makes false assumptions and limit choice for
both sexes. They are ideas and definitely not based on facts. They are socially

constructed by society and changeable and can cause discrimination. To give

better idea on this matter, examples are: (1) color pink is for girls and blue is

for boys, (2) men need more food than women, (3) girls like dolls and boys like

toy cars, and (4) women’s place is mainly inside the house and men’s is outside

the house.

Gender roles could also be an issue if not properly handled. It is a set of

social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for

either a man or a woman in social or interpersonal relationship. The roles can

be divided mainly into three categories namely: (1) productive role, (2)

reproductive role, and (3) community role.

Gender Equality vs Gender Equity. Gender equality is when women and

men enjoy equal rights, opportunities, services and resources in social,

economical and political spheres. It contains two main elements: (1) equal

opportunity, and (2) equal results. On the other side, gender equity means

fairness in the treatment of women and men in terms of rights, benefits, and

opportunities. Equality does not mean equity. They are completely different.

Gender discrimination refers to any situation where a person is denied

opportunities or misjudged only on the basis of their sexes. There are many

kinds of discrimination among sexes. Some of them are discrimination on: (1)
education, (2) mobility, (3) household work, (4) decision making, (5)

employment, (6) politics, and unfortunately, the harshest one is the (7) violence

against women. Specific examples of gender discrimination includes: (1)

double standard in the society, (2) women are discriminated in inheritance and

access to justice, (3) girls are considered a burden for the family when boys are

considered as a resource, (4) women are told that they do not need to finish

their studies since they will just become wives and mothers, (5) women are

brought up to serve men, (6)men are considered more capable than women in

economic issues, (7) women’s contribution, intelligence, and capabilities are

undervalued, and (8) women are last to be hired and first to be fired.

Another issue is the cultural sensitivity of the society. Culture sensitivity

means that one is being aware that cultural differences and similarities exist

without assigning them a value – positive or negative, right or wrong. It simply

means that you are aware that people are not all the same and that you

recognize that your culture is no better than any other culture. Some examples

are white privilege, #black lives matter, and Asian hate crimes in United States

of America.

Cultural sensitivity can be taught to people and their organizations.

There are lots of books to read, programs to attend to, and trainers to be hired

to focus on developing cultural sensitivity skills. People would not change

overnight or after a workshop or even an intensive program, so let’s not expect

high. Things take time. It is the consistent opportunities for interaction with

different culture, training in the practice of empathy, and practical exposure to

the way different cultures experience a similar situation that will produce more

sustainable results.

In my own opinion, these types of issues that were mentioned above were

created by the society itself. Generations after generations, things were

evolving, the same with these matters. I give a thought to this and I’ve realized

that these matters were dated years and years and years back before even our

great grandfathers and great grandmothers were born. For instance, on the

side of gender discrimination, women were given the title of just staying at

home. Circumstances could even be seen on the period of our national hero Dr.

Jose Rizal where women are expected to be pleasant and soft and only house

based workers. Of course, we cannot hide the fact that some were able to

challenge this troublesome affair. However, if we would base on a general

population and of a general society, we could say that these events were all

factual (but not the issue itself).

Cultural sensitivity is also included to the hot takes of groups of people.

It is always a challenge because it requires deep understanding, and

sometimes experience, to recognize this matter. It usually occurs outside of

one’s homes like office places, school place, and public areas where one should

adjust, open, and are able to accept different situations and instances. Since

everyone has its own set of identity, one must respect it.

Fortunately, these problematic occurrences are being discussed and

advocated publicly by a lot of people nowadays. Even though some people are

still caught up to the ideas of the past, many are accepting this new set of

information. Gender and Cultural sensitivity advocators have been very vocal

on their voices and sound all around social media platforms. And it is very

good to see that they are sharing this knowledge for free for the sake of the

betterment of the society and of the people. Due to this controversial matters,

various organizations and programs were made, may it be a national or

international one.

X. Appendices

A. Evaluation Sheet

Note: “Form 137 (Evaluation Sheet) is no longer required in the Portfolio. Ma’am
Mitos already requested a copy of your form Form 137 in the Registrar’s Office
for our reference.” – Ma’am Deisy R. Llanto
 B. Research Project Abstract and Cover Page (name of the student must
be included in the document)

ASSESSMENT ON THE READINESS OF MSU- MSHS GRADE 12 STUDENTS

FOR TERTIARY EDUCATION UNDER THE NEW NORMAL

A Research Project
Presented to the
Faculty of the Marawi Senior High School
Mindanao State University
Marawi City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Course Requirements
In Research Project
S.Y. 2020-2021
 YASSIN S. ALIUSODAN
HAMIM M. CALANDADA
RIZAM DATUKUNUG

June 2021

ABSTRACT

Calandada, Hamim M., Datukunug, Rizam B., Aliusodan, Yassin S. “ASSESSING THE
SERVICE QUALITY OF PALAWAN EXPRESS-MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY BRANCH AS
PERCEIVED BY THEIR SELECTED CLIENTS”, A research project, Accountancy,
Business and Management, Mindanao State University- Marawi Senior High
School, Marawi City, June 2021.

ADVISER: Mr. Ralph Sumaylo Buca

The main objective of this paper is to present and analyze the findings of a research that
aims to measure, analyze and understand the actual and perceived service quality of the
Palawan Express MSU Branch, Marawi City.

In this study, the researchers used a quantitative research method. This type of research
puts premium or high value on the numerical result of people’s thinking or point of view
conditioned by their personal traits. The research instrument used in the study was online
survey with 100 respondents..

The data gathered from the respondents were treated using statistical tools in order to
have an accurate result. The results are as follows: firstly, the findings of this paper highlighted
that the tangibility of Palawan Express- MSU Branch is satisfying except that the respondents
are doubtful that its physical installation is attractive. Second, this study shows that the
reliability of Palawan Express- MSU Branch services are satisfying, and that the expectations of
the respondents are met. Finally, Palawan Express- MSU Branch satisfies the respondents in
terms of the firm’s responsiveness, assurance, and empathy to its customers.

KEYWORDS: Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy

C. Pictures and other attachments

i. Corporate Social Responsibility

ii. Business Ethics

iii. ISO Orientation Program

iv. Webinar on the Basics of

Intellectual Property

v. Operations Management
vi. Harnessing Social Media to Expand Your Business Training
vii. Work Ethics

viii. Culture and Gender Sensitivity Orientation