Lesson 1

Mars or Mangala is the commander in astrology. He represents, energy, courage, younger

brothers & sisters, armed forces, the police forces, commanders, administrators, men in high
position, land, engineering, metals, real estate agents and surgery. Its metal is copper and gem is
coral, color is red and direction south.

Mars takes about 45 days to travel one sign. He is the Bhatrukaraka or planet connected with
brother.

Mercury or Budha is the prince in astrology. He represents speech, intelligence, maternal uncles,
short journeys, medical profession, trade, computers and the web, astrology and knowledge of the
shastras, accounts, mathematics, journalism, printing and publishing. Its metal is bronze, gem is
emerald, color is green and direction north.

Mercury takes about a month to travel a rasi. It is always within 27 degree distance from the sun
from astrological point of view.

Jupiter or Guru is known as the “Devaguru” or the guru of the Gods. He represents higher
knowledge, spirituality, priests, temples, teachers, research & scientists, layers & judges, children
and knowledge of the sastras and astrology. Its color is yellow, metal gold, gem yellow sapphire
and direction north – east. Jupiter takes about one year to travel a sign. He is the Putrakaraka or
planet connected with children.

Venus or Shukra is the “Daityaguru” or the guru of the demons. He represents spouse, sex life,
kidneys and sex organ, dance, music, arts, gems and jewelers, wines, bars, gambling places,
acting, fashion, cosmetics and beauty products. Its metal is silver, gem is diamond, direction is
south-east and colour is white.
Venus takes about a month to travel a sign and completes the round of the zodiac in 12 months.
From astrological point of view it is always within 48 degrees of the sun. He is the Kalatrakaraka or
planet connected with spouse.

Saturn or Shani is the servant in astrology. He represents hard work, sorrow, old men, servants
and the lower level workers, people in the iron and steel industry, municipality and drainage
works. A well placed Saturn can bestow excellent power, prestige, name and fame and a badly
placed Saturn can devastate you. Its metal is iron, color is blue, gem is blue sapphire and direction
is west.
Saturn is the slowest moving of the 9 planets and takes approximately 2-1/2 years to transit a
sign and completes the round of the zodiac in 30 years. He is the Udyogakaraka or planet
connected with profession.

Rahu or Dragons Head or North Node represents, foreigners, foreign countries, foreign travel,
engineering and the technical trades, smoke, old men, grand parents, theft, gambling, drinking,
nonconformists, the underworld and the bad elements in the society. Its color is black, metal
mixed-metal and gem is Gomedh.
Rahu takes approximately 1-1/2 years to travel a sign and hence completes the round of the
zodiac in 18 years.

Ketu or Dragons Tail or South Node represents grand parents, technical trades, spiritual
inclinations, superstitions and electronics. Its colour is brown and gem is cat’s eye.
Ketu is always in the opposite sign to Rahu, i.e., exactly 180 degrees away. Ketu also takes
approximately 1-1/2 years to travel a sign and hence completes the round of the zodiac in 18
years.
Each of these 9 planets produce different results, and at times totally opposite results, while
placed in the 12 different rasis. Again each has some good results and some bad results in each
sign. This is an important aspect of astrology which must be remembered. You will learn about
these results later.

While placed at various specific distances from the sun, the planets Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus
and Saturn become retrograde or appear to move in the backward direction. Sun and moon do not
have any retrograde motion. The motion of Rahu and Ketu is always opposite to that of the other
planets.

The seven main planets rule the seven days of the week.
Sun rules Sunday.
Moon rules Monday.
Mars rules Tuesday.
Mercury rules Wednesday.
Jupiter rules Thursday.
Venus rules Friday.
Saturn rules Saturday.
Rahu and Ketu do not rule any day

Normally while referring to the qualities etc of the planets, they are referred to in this sequence,
i.e., sun to saturn in the week day sequence. Remember this important fact.

The Nakshatras or Star constellations

First the zodiac was divided into 12 main rasis, to study the effects of the planets placed there.
Then the ancient seers added another sub divisional system of breaking down the zodiac into 27
Nakshatras or star constellations. Each nakshatra has a span of 13 degrees and 20 minutes. After
that each nakshatra was further subdivided into 4 Padas, or quarters, of 3 degrees and 20
minutes. Hence the first zodiac sign Aries, which has 30 degrees, contains the entire 4 padas
(13:20′) of the 1st star constellation Ashwini, the entire 4 padas (13:20′) of the 2nd star
constellation Bharani and the 1st pada (3:20′) of the third star constellation Krittika. So each rasi
contains total 9 padas. These nakshatras belong to three main groups: Deva or divine, Manusha or
human and Rakshasa or Demonic. They have different ruling deities, owned by different planets
and have divergent qualities. Hence while studying the effects of a planet placed in Aries, it is also
studied in which nakshatra it is placed and in which pada of that nakshatra it is placed. This
system of analysis exists only in Indian astrology.
The nakshatra in which your moon is placed at the time of your birth is called your

Janma Nakshatra. This janma nakshatra has also got its influence on you.

The following table shows the names of the 27 nakshatras in their zodiacal order. Click on each to
know more about their qualities, ruling planets and deities etc.

If you don’t know your Nakshatra click here to use onsite instant calculator

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ashwini Bharani Krittika Rohini Mrigasira Arudra Punarvasu Pushyami Aslesha
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Magha [Link] [Link] Hasta Chitra Swati Visakha Anuradha Jyestha
 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Moola [Link] [Link] Shravana Dhanishta Satabhistha [Link] [Link] Revati

Lesson 3

How a horoscope is cast and the four types of chart styles

Before learning about the other aspects of astrology, you must now learn about how a horoscope
is cast and how to read it. We are not going into the teaching of the complicated mathematical
aspects of calculating the planetary positions, lagna etc. Now a days even the astrologers depend
on the computerised software. From the practical point of view of learning the basics, you only
need to know how the birth chart is cast and how to read and understand it.

The horoscope is the picture of the heavens at the time of ones birth. It shows in which rasis, or
signs, the 9 planets are positioned. It also shows another important aspect of astrology called the
Lagna or the Ascendant. It plays a major role in analyzing an individuals life. The ascendant is
calculated based on your place and time of birth and varies from place to place. This is because of
the difference in latitude and longitude and the sun rise time. Lagna is called your individual 1st
house. It must be noted that the lagna may fall in any of the 12 rasis. The counting of your
individual houses is always done from the lagna. You will learn about the houses and their
importance in the next lesson.
The position of the planets on any given day and time is calculated from the ephemeris, called
Panchang, and the horoscopes are made accordingly. It is not some kind of a mystic charting of
planetary names in a chart. To get a better understanding of the scientific basis of this click here

Difference in measuring the planetary positions – Vedic vs. Western astrology

Vedic Astrology follows the Niryana or the sidereal zodiac, where as the Western Astrology follows
the Sayana or the tropical zodiac. Its a highly complicated astronomical subject. Briefly the
fundamentals are as follows.

The placement and especially the degrees of the planets in the birth chart of a person made
according to western astrology differ considerably from the birth chart made according to Indian
astrology. According to the western sun signs Sun enters Aries on 21st of March but according to
our calculations it enters Aries on the 14th of April. So there is a 24 degrees difference. The
Western or “Sayana” zodiac system makes calculations and predictions based on the present
position of the planets from a zodiacal point of view or AS OBSERVED BY THE SATELLITES.

Our system is called “Nirayana” or Indian System. In the Nirayana system, the planetary positions
are AS SEEN FROM EARTH TODAY by taking into account the tilting of the North pole by making
corrections accordingly.

If you take the standard globe available in the market and keep it on the table, you will observe
that the North and the south poles are not exactly 90 degrees vertically up but are tilting. This
inclination is about 23+ degrees to the east and it greatly effects astronomical calculations. See
the picture.
This inclination is caused due to the shifting of the vernal equinox, which happens because of the
West to East spin of the earth around its axis. While playing tennis or table tennis, if you give a
sideways spin to the ball it not only spins in the direction of the spin but also swerves or swings in
the air. Similarly as the earth is spinning towards the east on its axis, the North Pole is slowly
tilting towards the east. This difference between the longitudes of the starting points of the
sidereal and tropical zodiacs is called Ayanamsha. The starting points of the sidereal and tropical
zodiacs coincides once in every 25,800 years approximately. According to accurate scientific
calculations, the present shift started in the year 285 AD, i.e. 285 years ago the North Pole was
perfectly vertical at 90 degrees. The most accurate method of calculating this ayanamsa is the
Chitrapaksha ayanamsa, popularly called Lahiri Ayanamsa.
The ayanamsa calculations of the Greeks like Hippocras and Ptolemy were wrong. The western
scientists are officially “credited” with the “discovery” of the accurate shifting of the earths equinox
towards the end of the 19th century. They found it to be 50″. It was actually known to the Hindu
astrologers long before that. Varahamihira, the famous astrologer in the court of Vikramaditya in
the year 57BC, clearly mentioned in his work Pancha Siddhantika, based on our ancient
Siddhantas, that the ayanamsa is 50.32 seconds. This is the most accurate one.

The difference between the Sayana longitudes and the Nirayana longitudes of Planets is called
“Ayanamsa” or precision. This Ayanamsa difference is the exactly calculated shift or inclination of
the equinox. For example on this day on 23rd June 08, the exact Ayanamsa or the tilt is [Link]
degrees. From the longitude poison of the planets in the Zodiac at this moment, when this
Ayanamsa is deducted, we get the correct longitude of the planets as applicable to our position on
earth. In the western system as this shift of the equinox is not taken into account, all the planets
are about 24 degrees ahead. The picture given bellow will give you an idea.
The position earth shown at the bottom in the picture is with equinox tilted correctly i.e. corrected
Ayanamsa. If you are born on the dark spot see the position difference of Sun if Ayanamsa is not
corrected. We are more concerned as to where the planet is vis-à-vis our position on earth and not
as seen by a satellite! And we definitely don’t follow the equinox position of 285AD !!

Lesson 3

The four types of charting styles.

In India the astrologers follow different methods of casting a chart. There are mainly four methods
of casting the charts. They are explained bellow.

South Indian method: In the south Indian style of casting a chart, the position of the zodiacal
signs, from Aries to Pisces always remains fixed, as shown in the picture below left. The counting
of the houses and the positioning of the planets is done clockwise, as shown in the picture below
right. This changes from individual chart to chart. So it can be said that the south style chart
follows the fixed sign method. The sign which becomes the ascendant or lagna is marked with the
words As or Asc or Lagna. In some cases astrologers also draw two parallel lines at the top corner
of the ascendant, the way we cross a bank cheque, to mark the ascendant

The South Indian Style

The data given in the table to the right below, shows the ascendant and the 9 planets in the 1st
column, their exact degrees in the 2nd column, the rasi in which they are placed in the third
column, the nakshatra in which they are placed in the 4th column and the nakshatra pada in the
last column. The birth chart is made placing the planets in those houses. The positioning of the
planets and the ascendant is as follows.

Ascendant or Lagna: In Vrischika or Scorpio

Sun : In Vrishabha or Taurus
Moon: In Kumbha or Aquarius
Mars: In Mithuna or Gemini
Mercury: In Mesha or Aries
Jupiter: In Tula or Libra
Venus: In Mithuna or Gemini
Saturn: In Mesha or Aries
Rahu: In Kumbha or Aquarius
Ketu: In Simha or Leo

Please note:

The sign in which the moon is placed is called Janma Rasi or moon sign. In this case the janma
rasi is Kumbha or Aquarius.
The nakshatra in which the moon is placed in the birth chart in called Janma Nakshatra. In this
case the janma nakshatra is Satabhistha 1st quarter.

As obvious in this chart the lagna is Vrischika, moon and rahu are in the 4th house counted from
lagna, Mercury and Saturn are in the 6th house from lagna, Sun is in the 7th house, Mars and
Venus are in the 8th house, Ketu is in the 10th house and Jupiter is in the 12th house.

North Indian Style

North Indian method: In the north Indian method of casting the chart, as in the above example,
the ascendant or lagna is always kept at the top center and the signs are denoted by their zodiacal
sequence number, i.e., Aries is 1, Taurus is 2, Gemini 3, Cancer 4, Leo 5, Virgo 6, Libra 7, Scorpio
8, Sagittarius 9, Capricorn 10, Aquarius 11 and Pisces 12. Here the charting of the houses and the
planets is anti-clockwise. In the above demonstration the same chart with the same planetary
positions is shown. The lagna is Vrischika and denoted by the sign number 8 and placed at the top
center. The planets are placed in the same houses, but charted in the anti-clockwise fashion. For
example sun is in Vrishabha or Taurus which is the zodiac house number 2. So we can say that the
northern chart chart follows the fixed house method.

East Indian or Maithili method: This type of chart, which is popular in Andhra Pradesh and
parts of Orissa and Bengal, is drawn differently and follows the fixed sign method of the south
style chart, but the charting is done anti-clockwise as shown in the picture bellow.

East Indian chart

The circular chart: It is the same as the northern chart in every respect but drawn in a circular
fashion as shown below.
 Circular chart

Lesson 4

The twelve Bhavas or Houses

An individuals horoscope is divided into 12 Bhavas or houses, based on the position of ones lagna
in the chart. The nature and qualities of the rasis, planets and the nakshatras explained so far are
their basic inherent qualities. Once a persons chart is analyzed from the lagna point of view, based
on the way these planets and rasis are placed from lagna, gives them a personal touch and helps
us to understand the various aspects and events of ones life.

The sign in which your lagna or ascendant is placed becomes your 1st house. The sign next to that
(clockwise in the south chart and anticlockwise in a north chart), becomes your 2nd house. The
one next to that is your 3rd house and so on till the 12th house.

The 1st, 5th, and 9th houses are called Trikonas or trine houses. They are the most powerful and
auspicious houses. They are also called Lakshmi sthanas as the rule all kinds of prosperities.

The 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th houses are called Kendras or quadrants. They are also auspicious and
powerful houses next to the konas.

The 3rd and the 11th houses are called Upachayas or houses of growth.

The 6th, 8th, and 12 houses are called Dusthanas or bad houses.

1, 5, and 9 are Dharma houses.

2, 6, and 10 are Artha houses.

3, 7, and 11 are Kama houses.

4, 8, and 12 are Moksha houses.

The 12 houses and what they signify and represent in your life.
The First house or Lagna called Tanu sthana, represents your birth, body looks and soul,
personality traits and inclinations, longevity, health, character and nature. It also rules your head
the head, longevity, health, character and nature of the native. It is a kendra a trikona and
Dharma bhava, and it is at the same time . It is one of the most important and auspicious house in
the horoscope.

If you don’t know your Lagna click here to use onsite instant calculator.

The Second house called Dhana sthana, represents your wealth, speech, family, face, right eye,
mouth and the food you eat and charity and death.

The Third house called Bhatru sthana represents your younger brothers and sisters, courage,
servants and subordinates, communications, talents and skills, sports, business, short distance
travels.

The Fourth bhava called Matru sthana, represents mother, home, relatives, office or factory,
emotions, domestic and house related happiness, landed property and conveyances, education
mental peace and chest and lungs.

The Fifth house called Putra sthana, represents children, education and intellect, creativity,
mantra, tantra and pooja.

The Sixth house called Shatru sthana, represents health, illness, injuries, loans, sports, maternal
uncle, enemies and opposition.

The Seventh house called Kalatra sthana, represents spouse, sex life, reproduction and genital
organs, partners, enjoyments and Kundalini shakti and death.

The Eight house called Ayu sthana, represents destruction, accidents, physical pains, inheritance,
legacies, death and insurance.

The Ninth house called bhagya sthana, represents luck, prosperity, guru, father, religious and
spiritual progress and knowledge of the scriptures, sadhana, pilgrimages, foreign travel and
foreign trade, grandchildren.

The Tenth house represents your profession, business, authority and power and honours and
achievements.

The Eleventh house represents gains and income, good news, money, elder brothers and sisters,
friends, long distance travels, air lines and entertainment.

The Twelfth house represents losses, waste, expenses, foreign countries, imprisonment, death,
sadhana and Moksha or final liberation. Each of the 9 different planets, while placed in the 12
different houses, produce different, and at times totally opposite results. Again each of them
produce some good results and some bad results. Remember this important fact.

As there are 12 houses and only 9 planets, there will always be some vacant houses. In most
horoscopes there are more than one planet in a house. The lords of the rasis as mentioned earlier
in lesson 1, i.e., Mars for Aries, Venus for Taurus etc., become the lords of your houses falling in
those rasis. Which house lord is placed in which house is a very important factor. Again each
house lord placed in the other houses has some good results and some bad. Again because of the
dual ownership rasis by planets, a planet placed in a particular house as lord of one house may be
good, but bad as lord of the other house.

This is the third important parameter to remember.

Let us see the example horoscope to make things clear. Remember the house counting is done
from the lagna, which is the 1st house.

South Indian – Count clockwise North Indian – Count anti-clockwise

In this horoscope:

The lagna or the 1st house falls in Vrischika rasi or Scorpio. Scorpio is owned by Mars. So the
lagna lord is mars. He is placed in Gemini, the 8th house counted from lagna.( the counting starts
from lagna)

The 2nd house is Dhanu or Sagittarius, its owner is jupiter. So the 2nd lord is placed in Libra, the
12th house from lagna.

The 3rd house is Makara or Capricorn, owned by saturn, who is placed in Aries, the sixth house.

The 4th house is Kumbha or Aquarius, owned by saturn, who is placed in Aries, the sixth house.

The 5th house is Meena or Pisces, owned by jupiter, who is placed in the 12th house.

The 6th house is Mesha or Aries, whose lord mars is in the 8th house. You may interested to note
that mars as the important lagna lord placed in the 8th house is bad and inauspicious, but in the
2nd case as the owner of a bad 6th house placed in another bad 8th house, he very good and
auspicious. The

7th house is Vrishabha or Taurus, whose lord venus is placed in the 8th house.

The 8th house is Mithuna or Gemini, whose lord is placed in the 6th house. (This is good)

The 9th house is Karka or Cancer, whose lord moon is in the 4th house.

The 10th house is Simha or Leo and the lord sun is in the 7th house.

The 11th house is Kanya or Virgo and the lord is in the 6th house. (This is bad)
The 12th house lord Venus placed in the 8th house.( Again note venus as the bad 12th lord in
the bad 8th house is good, but as the important 7th lord in the bad 8th he is bad)

For every lagna some planets are benific, some are malefic and some are neutral. Again how they
are placed in the chart is a very important point to be considered. however the following are the
basic thumb rules:

Lords of 1,5,9 houses are always benefics.

Lords of 4, 7, 10 houses if placed in auspicious houses produce good results.

Lords of 6, 8, 12 house if placed in 6, 8, or 12 houses produce good results but are bad if placed in
the good houses.

2nd and 11th lords are better placed in the auspicious houses.

When two or more planets are placed in a house, it is called the conjunction of planets. The results
of these conjunctions of planets will depend on whether they are benefics or malefics from the
lagna point of view. The conjunction of the Kendra lords or the Kona lords or the Kendra or Kona
lords is highly auspicious. These are calledRaja yoga combinations. The Raja yoga combinations
give rise to authority, power, position and wealth. However, if a dusthana lord. i.e., 6th, 8th or
12th lord joins them it spoils the rajayogas.

When two planets exchange houses, i.e., let us say Mars is in Venus house and Venus in in Mars
house, it is called Parivartana Yoga or Exchange Yoga. The Parivartana Yoga is a very powerful
one. The Parivartana Yoga becomes auspicious if the exchange is between two auspicious houses,
i.e., between the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 9th, 10th and 11th houses. Similarly if two dusthana
lords, i.e., 6th, 8th and 12th, exchange houses then also it is auspicious. However, if a benefic
house lord exchanges houses with a malefic house lord, like 9th lord with the 12th lord, then the
exchange is inauspicious.

Similarly if exalted planets are placed in Kendras etc. it again causes Rajayogas. There are several
hundred raja yoga combinations mentioned in the Shastras.

Lesson 5

Further analysis and the Varga charts

There are several other points which are of importance while analyzing a chart. According to the
Rishi Parashara, analyzing the horoscope from Lagna, Chandra Lagna and Soorya Lagna is
important to arrive at the correct conclusions.

Chandra Lagna

The sign in which the Moon is placed in the birth chart, called Janma Rasi, is a very important
parameter while judging a horoscope. It is used as another lagna. Just as you study the placement
of planets from the lagna, the way the planets are placed from the moon is also studied to give an
additional view.

If you don’t know your Rasi click here to use onsite instant calculator
Soorya Lagna

The house in which your Sun is placed is called the Soorya Lagna and this is studied the way lagna
and Chandra lagna are studied.

Churning from houses

Churning the houses is a unique way of analyzing several aspects of life. For example your wife
wants to know about her younger sister but hasn’t got the horoscope details. This can be seen
from your horoscope. In your chart the 7th is your wife’s house. From there the 3rd is the house of
her younger sister, i.e., the 9th house in your chart, is your wife’s younger sisters house. By
studying your chart by taking your 9th house as lagna, you can infer about your wife’s younger
sister. Alternately, this can be studied from your wife’s chart also by taking 3rd house as lagna.
Similarly from your chart your child’s wife can be seen – your 5th is your child’s house and from
there the 7th indicates his wife.

Varga Charts

The Varga charts, also known as the divisional charts, are a unique method employed by the
ancient seers to study various aspects of life. Each rasi of 30 degrees is further subdivided and by
employing a series rules new additional charts are made. There are 16 divisional charts and they
are studied to analyze the finer conditions, strengths and effects of the planets. These charts are
also employed to study certain specific aspects of life like spouse, children, parents etc. The
following are the varga divisions.

16 VARGAS

1. Rashi or the Lagna chart as it is of 30º to study all aspects of life.

2. Hora or one-half of a sign -15º is the varga to study wealth.

3. Drekkana or one-third of a sign – 10º is the varga to study siblings.

4. Chaturthamsha or one-fourth of a sign – 7º30′ is the varga to study destiny and house.

5. Saptamsha or one-seventh of a sign – 4º17`8.5″ is the varga to study progeny.

6. Navamsha or one-ninth of a sign – 3º20′ is the varga for spouse and many other things.

7. Dashamsha or one-tenth of a sign – 3º- is the varga to study ones profession.

8. Dwadashamsha or one-twelfth of a sign -2º30′- is the varga to study parents.

9. Shodashamsha or one-sixteenth of a sign -1º52’30″- is the varga to study conveyance.

10. Vimshamsha or one-twentieth of a sign -1º30′- is the varga to study spiritual progress.

11. Chaturvimshamsha or one-twenty fourth of a sign -1º15′- is to study knowledge.

12. Saptavimshamsha or one-twenty seventh of a sign -1º6’40″- is to study the strength.

13. Trimshamsha or one-thirtieth of a sign – 1º00′- is misfortunes and nature.

14. Khavedamsha or one-fortieth of a sign – 0º45′ is for auspicious & inauspicious effects.

15. Akshavedamsha or one-forty fifth of a sign 0º40′ is for all areas of life.

[Link] or one-sixtieth of a sign 0º30′ is for all general effects.

For each of these vargas, The details of the different effects produced by the 9 different
planets placed in various rasis, houses, house lords etc are given in detail in the
shastras.

Of these the Navamsha is the most important varga. Apart from studying the spouse and
married/sex life, it is also studied to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses and the effects of the
planets with respect to all areas of life. If a planet is badly placed in the lagna chart but
improves its position in the navamsa, then the negative effects are reduced and vise
versa. This is where the Vedic Astrology scores heavily over all other systems of Astrology. For
example, moon, the fastest moving of the nine planets, remains in one sign fro two and half days.
The ascendant, or Lagna, extends for a period of two hours. In these two hours, according to the
present birth rate, several thousand people are born in the world with the same birth chart! All of
them cannot have the same destiny. Apart from that it must be remembered that the slow moving
planet like Jupiter stays in a sigh for 1 year and Saturn stays in a sign for 2-1/2 years. In Indian
Astrology by preparing the 16 Varga charts based on their exact degrees, it is possible to see the
difference in the results of various individuals correctly.

One must have very accurate birth time for the finer varga divisions to give accurate results.
Realizing this Parashara prescribed that one must study at least the Shad-Vargas and if possible
the Sapta-Vargas. The lagna, hora, drekkana, navamsa, dwadasamsa and trimamsa comprise of
the 6 shad-vargas. If you add saptamamsa to these it is the saptavargas. Some recommend the
study of the dasa-vargas by adding dasamamsa, shodasamsa and shasthimamsa.

The Amsas of planets: A planet which occupying the same rasi in the natal chart and also in the
navamsha chart is said to be in Vargottama-amsa and this enhances its benific effects of the
planets. A planet becoming vargottama is a very important condition while evaluating the
strengths and effects of the planet and the houses it rules. Similarly a planet occupying the same
rasi 3, 4, 5, or more times in the 16vargas is said to be in Simhasanamsa, Parijatamsa,
Vaishesikamsa, Devalokamsa, Brahmalokamsa etc., and the benific effects of such conditions
for the planets are give in detail to apply and evaluate their results.

The placement of planets in the various vargas is also useful to evaluate the strength and effects
of the various planets and houses. This is called the Vimsopaka Bala.
The 16 vargas also play a role in evaluating the other strengths and conditions of the planets.

Lesson 6

Planetary Friendship

Naisargika Mitra or Natural Friend: Based on their natural qualities the planets have some
friends, enemies and neutrals. Note the Rasis, which are the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th and 12th from
the Moolatrikona of a Graha. The Grahas ruling such Rasis are its friends, apart from the Lord of
its exaltation Rasi. Lords other than these are its enemies. If a Graha becomes its friend in one
and enemy in the other, then it is neutral, or [Link] following chart illustrates this inter-
planetary friendship.

Tatkalika Mitra or Temporary Friend: Depending on how the planets are placed in a particular
chart, there is a temporary friendship between the planets. The rule for this temporary friendship
is: in a chart, a planet placed in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 10th, 11th and 12th from another planet
becomes its temporary friend. The following chart illustrates the temporary friendship of the
planets in our example horoscope.

Panchadha or Compound friendship: This is simply the combination of the two types of
friendship to arrive at an overview of friendship. The 5 point formula is:
Friend + Friend = Great Friend
Friend + Neutral = Friend
Friend + Enemy = Neutral
Enemy + Neutral = Enemy
Enemy + Enemy = Great Enemy
See the following chart of compound friendship for the example horoscope.

Various strengths and conditions of the planets

We have seen in lesson 1 that the planets own certain houses. Lets go a step deeper into the vast
ocean and see the other conditions.

Uccha, Moola Trikona, Swasthana, and Neecha of planets.

When placed in certain houses the planets are said to be in Uccha or in exaltation. A planet is in
the best condition when he is exalted. The next best placement is called Moolatrikona, followed
by itsSwasthana or own house, followed by Mitrasthana or friends house and the worst
condition isNeecha or Debilitation. The following are the placement conditions of the planets.

Sun is exalted in Aries upto the 10th degree. In the 10th degree he is in deep exaltation. After
that it is his Moolatrikona. In Leo upto 20 is his moolatrikona and after that it is his own house.

Moon is exalted in Taurus upto the 3rd degree. In the 3rd degree he is in deep exaltation and
after that it is his moolatrikona house. Karka is his own house.

Mars is exalted in Makara upto 28 degrees. In the 28th degree he is in deep exaltation. After that
it is his Moolatrikona. In Mesha upto 12 degrees his moolatrikona and after that it is his own
house. Vrischika is also his own house.

Mercury is exalted in Kanya upto 15 degrees. In the 15th degree he is in deep exaltation. After
that the next 5 degrees are his Moolatrikona and after that his own house. Mithuna is also his own
house.

Jupiter is exalted in Karka upto 5 degrees. In the 5th degree he is in deep exaltation. After that it
is his Moolatrikona. In Dhanu upto 10 degrees his moolatrikona and after that it is his own house.
Meena is also his own house.

Venus is exalted in Meena upto 27 degrees. In the 27th degree he is in deep exaltation. After that
it is his Moolatrikona. In Libra upto 15 degrees his moolatrikona and after that it is his own house.
Vrishabha is also his own house.

Saturn is exalted in Tula upto 20 degrees. In the 20th degree he is in deep exaltation. After that it
is his Moolatrikona. In Kumbha upto 20 degrees his moolatrikona and after that it is his own
house. Makara is also his own house.

Rahu and Ketu There is a controversy about their exaltation etc as they do not really own any
houses. In fact the were ignored in this regard in some of the major shastras. However several
other later generation authors generally agreed that Mithuna and Dhanu are the exaltation houses
of Rahu and Ketu respectively, Vrishabha and Vrischika are their respective Moolatrikonas and
Meena and Kanya are their respective own houses.

Neecha or Debilitation: All exalted planets get debilitated in the opposite seventh house from
their point of exaltation. The highest point of debilitation is the exact opposite of the highest point
of exaltation. After that the debilitation effect is not there.
It must also be noted that in the order of auspicious placement, next to his own house, comes a
planet placed in a friend’s house and then the neutrals house.

Lesson 7

Malefic and Benefic

According to their basic qualities, the planets are categorized into two groups. Natural malefics and
natural benefics.
Moon, Jupiter, Mercury and Venus are Natural Benefics.
Sun, Mars, Saturn, Rahu, and Ketu are Natural Malefics.
However this is a highly broad general division and gets vastly modified based on the planets
placement, house ownership etc.

Vakra or Retrograde planets:

As explained earlier, except the Sun and the Moon the rest of the planets, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter,
Venus and Saturn change their proper motion through the Zodiac periodically and appear to move
backwards. After some time they resume their direct motion. When a planet is retrograde it is
marked in the horoscope with the mark ‘R’. A retrograde planet becomes more powerful. It also
gives some unusual results and sometimes in the reverse order in the timing of effects etc.

Dagdha or Combust Planets

When a planet comes close to the Sun it engulfed by the Sun’s rays. This is called combustion. A
combust planet loses its power. This does not apply to Rahu & Ketu. The degree of proximity at
which planets become combust varies from planet to planet. The following are the planetary
combustion details as per the Soorya Siddhanta.

Mars within 17 Degrees

Mercury within 12 Degrees while retrograde and 14 degrees while in normal motion.

Jupiter within 11 Degrees

Venus within 8 Degrees

Saturn within 15 Degrees

It is normally agreed that the planetary combustion effects are effective when they are in the
same nakshatra pada with the sun. After that the effects are not severe.

Drishti or Aspects

All planets have drishti or aspects. Or to put it in simpler terms they “look” at other planets and
signs. All planets aspect the sign or planet placed exactly opposite to them, i.e., in the 7th house
from them. This is normally called the 7th house aspect, or the full aspect. Apart from this 7th
aspect, some planets have “special” aspects.

Mars aspects the 4th and the 8th houses from its position.
Jupiter aspects the 5th and the 9th houses from its position.
Saturn aspects the 3rd and the 10th houses from its position.
Rahu and Ketu aspect the 5th and the 9th houses from their position though this is somewhat
controversial.

The houses and the planets aspected by a planet get influenced by the planet. The effect will be
good or bad depending on the nature, condition, lordship etc of the aspecting planet and also on
the relation between the two planets.

The Avasthas or condition of Planets

Depending on their position in the chart and the other conditions, Indian astrology classifies the
condition of the planets into 5 different sets of avasthas. they are:

1. Jagradadi Avasthas – set of 3 avasthas

2. Baladi Avasthas – set of 5 avasthas

3. Lajjitadi Avasthas – set of 6 avasthas

4. Deeptadi Avasthas – set of 9 avasthas

5. Shayanadi Avasthas -set of 12 avasthas

It is a very detailed and complicated study. How a planet is placed in each of the 5 types of sets of
avasthas is studied. Based on that the results given by each planet for each type of the sets of
avasthas is taken into consideration while giving predictions.

The Shadbala or Six fold strength of Planets

This is a very important study of the planetary strengths and weaknesses. It is not the study of
any one condition of the planets, but a summarized study of its several conditions – both
separately and in totality. The six fold strengths and weaknesses evaluated are:

1. Sthana bala

2. Dik bala

3. Kala bala

4. Chestha bala

5. Naisargika bala

6. Drik bala

It must be noted that in each of these six types of sources of strengths, there are several sub
divisional aspects included. For example sthana bala is calculated after studying 6 different balas!!
Once again the strengths and weakness of all 9 planets in all the 6 fold strengths, and their sub
divisional balas are studied to see their effects!!

Lesson 8

The Ashtakavarga

The asthakavargas is a unique way of dividing each of the 12 rasis into eight sub divisions, based
on the influence of the lagna and the 7 main planets on these 12 rasis. Rahu & Ketu are omitted in
asthakavargas. Based on their individual positions in a horoscope, the lagna and the 7 main
planets, contribute certain positive and negative influences on the 12 signs of the horoscope.
These influences are called bindus and rekhas, which are positive and negative points. There is a
confusion and controversy between South Indians and North Indians about the bindus and rekhas
and which of them is benific and malefic. So lets simply call them positive points and negative
points to avoid confusion.

For AV purpose each rasi is divided into 8 parts called Kakshas. Each kaksha has a span of 3:45′.
The 1st kaksha of each rasi is ruled by saturn, the 2nd by jupiter, 3rd by mars, 4th by sun, 5th by
venus, 6th by mercury, the 7th by moon and the 8th by the lagna. Mainly 3 types of Ashtakavarga
charts are used to study the effects of the planets.

The 1st type are the Bhinnashtakavarga charts, prepared for the lagna and the 7 planets – total
8 charts are made. In the picture above we have given the Bhinnashtakavarga chart of sun – to
the left side. The rasis are marked horizontally by the respective rasi numbers, i.e., 1 for Aries, 2
for Taurus etc. The 8 Kakshas are to be seen vertically. A Bhinnashtakavarga kaksha of any rasi
can contain only one point. If a positive point is contributed by any planet in a kaksha it is marked
by 1, if a negative one then by 0. So we can see that in the chart of the Bhinnashtakavarga of sun,
in the sign Aries (under 1), saturn has contributed a positive point in the first kaksha, jupiter has
contributed a negative point in the 2nd kaksha and so on. The total positive points contributed in
Aries are 4. We can see the other signs similarly. The Bhinnashtakavarga charts of planets are
very useful to study the transit effects of planets. For example sun transits a rasi for one month.
But the results he gives are not uniform throughout the month. He produces good results while
transiting the Kakshas where there is a positive point and if negative point is there he gives bad
results. In this case while transiting the 1st kaksha of Aries, from 0 degrees to 3:45′, he gives
good results as saturn has contributed a positive point there. In the next kaksha, from 3:45 to
7:30′, where there is a negative point contributed by jupiter, he gives bad results. As Aries has 4
positive and 4 negative points in suns BAV chart, suns transit results in Aries for the native of this
chart are 50% good and 50% bad. When the sun transits Libra for one month its results are very
bad as it has only 2 positive points. Suns transit of Sagittarius is the best with 6 PP. So a rasi with
4 good points gives medium results, better with more and worse with less.
The good or bad effects will have a relation with the planet contributing the point, either positive
or negative. They will have a link to its nature, house ownership etc.

In similar fashion with the help of the BAV charts of the other planets we can study their transit
effects.
The sarvasthakavarga chart, to the right of suns BAV chart, is the combined detailed summary of
how many positive points each of the 7 planets and lagna are contributing in all the rasis.
The Samudaya Ashtakavarga chart bellow gives a brief at a glance idea of how many total good
points are there in each house. Houses with 25 or more produce good results when planets transit
them. If the points are below 25 then the results are negative.

Ashtakavarga has many more applications. While analyzing the effects of a house, by studying
how many total good and bad points are there, contributed by which planets, etc give several
clues about the house effects. While studying the effects of a planet placed in a particular house,
by studying in how many degrees he is placed in that house and in which planets kaksha, the
points contributed by the planets in the kaksha, give us us predictive clues as to the planets
nature results etc. Ashtakavarga is also employed to study longevity of a native by doing several
complicated mathematical calculations and by doing trikona reductions etc. Even for those who
know astrology, the Ashtakavarga is an advanced application.

Lesson 9

The timing of the events

After analyzing the strengths and conditions etc of the planets, one is in a position to know what
kind of results they are going to give. But when the results are going to fructify can be learnt only
by studying the dasas and the transits of the planets.

Dashas

The dasas are the ruling periods of planets. There are more than 50 different types of Dasha
systems, but the most popular and accurate one is the Vimshottari Dasha system. We are
explaining this system.
At the time of your birth, the star constellation in which your moon is placed in your birth chart,
and the degrees in which it is placed, determines which dasas will be in operation during your life.
The following chart illustrates, as per your nakshatra, the dasa with which your life starts, the span
of each dasa and the sequence of dasas.
The period and the sequence of each Dasas is as follows:

Sun Dasha is 6 years
Moon Dasha is 10 years
Mars Dasha is 7 years
Rahu Dasha is 18 years
Jupiter Dasha is 16 years
Saturn Dasha is 19 years
Mercury Dasha is 17 years
Ketu Dasha is 7 years
Venus Dasha is 20 years

These are called Mahadasas

 As the Vimshottari dasa follows a 120 year cycle one will not

experience the mahadasa of all the planets in ones life. Depending on by how many degrees,
moon has traveled in the nakshatra at the time of birth, the first dasa gets reduced
proportionately. In every mahadasa of a planet there are sub divisional dasas of other planets
called Antardasas. The first antardasa is that of the mahadasa planet, followed by the other
planets in sequence. Following the same principle, the antardasas are further sub divided into
Pratyantardasas and so on till we can arrive at the dasas at a daily basis or even hourly basis. The
chart of the dasas of the example horoscope, given here to the left illustrates this.
The predictions and the timing of events is done by taking into account the planets involved in the
dasa, the antardasa, pratyantardasa etc., their strengths, nature etc. as studied before. The
following principles are kept in mind while analyzing a horoscope for dasa effects.
Let us say that we want to see when the native will get a house. The 4th house rules the house
and property related matters. Hence examine the 4th lord, in whose house he is placed, with
whom he is placed, who is aspecting him. Then examine the planets placed in the 4th house or the
planets aspecting the 4th house. Then the placement of the above in the Vargas, their strengths
etc and whether well placed in houses or not and whether involved in any raja yoga combinations
etc. When the native is going through the dasa or antardasas of any of these favorably placed
planets, good results for the house can be expected.
However the timing of event cannot be done only on the basis of dasa. The Gochara or the transit
of planets must also be studied. Some times in spite of favourable results, if the Gochara is very
adverse then the favourable results may not take place and vice versa.
 Lesson 10

Prashna or Horary Astrology

The Prashna branch is another unique division of Vedic Astrology. When a person asks a question
to an astrologer, based on the time at which the question is asked, a horoscope is made for that
time and date. With the help of this chart the astrologer predicts about the events that are going
to take place. There are several types of Prashna systems and it is almost a separate science by
itself. Normally the Prashna chart is studied along with the birth chart to give an additional
dimension to predict the results correctly.

Gochara or Transits

The Gochara or the constant transits of the planets in the zodiac is the other instrument used by
the astrologers to time an event. The position of the planets in your birth chart is fixed. These
planetary placement and the dasas you are going through as per your birth chart give you one set
of parameters to judge the events. At the same time the planets in heaven are constantly on the
move. At any given time how these planets are positioned vis-à-vis the 12 houses and the 9
planets in your chart also has a major bearing on your destiny. It is said that the natal chart and
the dasas are what you have inherited from your past and the gochara is the interplay of the
present with your past. The 1st, and the most important study of the positions of the 9 planets
transiting in the zodiac, is done from the janma rasi or the position of the moon in ones natal
chart. After that their positions from all other planets, houses etc of ones birth chart. Based on
these positions, the gochara shastras give the detailed results.
Let me explain this with the help of the example chart and the Gochara planetary position chart as
on today, 16-4-03.

Example Chart

Gochara Chart
For the native of this chart as shown in the picture above, the gochara planetary positions as
shown in the charts below, is as follows.
His Janma rasi, or the sign in which his moon is positioned in the birth chart (above), is kumbha or
Aquarius. In the gochara chart (below) sun is positioned in Aries or Mesha. Hence counted from his
Janma rasi, sun is in the third house in gochara. Similarly mercury is also in the 3rd from his natal
moon. Rahu is in the 4th from moon, saturn in the 5th, jupiter in the 6th, moon in the 8th, Ketu in
the 10th, mars in the 12th and venus is in the Janma rasi. Similarly note the positions of these
planets from his lagna, i.e., sun and mercury in the 6th etc. Similarly the positions of the 9
gochara planets from the natal position of sun, then mars, then mercury etc. etc.

The effects produced by the 9 transiting planets, placed in various houses from the 9 natal planets
and lagna (Total 10x 9×12=1080 only) are given in the Gochara shastras.

To know the Gochara/transit results of planets click here

You just have to remember and recollect them and apply the relevant ones. While doing this
simple task, you must also see their transit effects as per asthakavargas (12x8x9=864rules). Then
also remember the strengths, weaknesses and effects of these planets, and the dasa, antardasa
and pratyantardasa effects – based on lagna & 16 Vargas placements, shadbalas, different rasi &
house placements, avasthas etc. of the 9 planets and lagna. After that you just have to synthesize,
summarize and analyze these 25000 appx permutations and combinations, and then study the
results as per Prashna also to arrive at what is going to happen!!! God bless you.

This concludes the astro-basic lessons. If you think that you haven’t had enough of this great
science, you are welcome to:-

Free Astrology Scriptures library on this site. Chapter by chapter you can learn the principles of
predictive astrology, given by the great Rishi Parashara, the father of Vedic astrology, in his
famous magnum opus Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra. You will also find 17 other famous
other shastras. Study the lessons, apply the principles to your horoscope and to the horoscopes
of your friends and relatives and you can learn astrology at least upto some extent.

Lesson 10

Prashna or Horary Astrology

The Prashna branch is another unique division of Vedic Astrology. When a person asks a question
to an astrologer, based on the time at which the question is asked, a horoscope is made for that
time and date. With the help of this chart the astrologer predicts about the events that are going
to take place. There are several types of Prashna systems and it is almost a separate science by
itself. Normally the Prashna chart is studied along with the birth chart to give an additional
dimension to predict the results correctly.

Gochara or Transits

The Gochara or the constant transits of the planets in the zodiac is the other instrument used by
the astrologers to time an event. The position of the planets in your birth chart is fixed. These
planetary placement and the dasas you are going through as per your birth chart give you one set
of parameters to judge the events. At the same time the planets in heaven are constantly on the
move. At any given time how these planets are positioned vis-à-vis the 12 houses and the 9
planets in your chart also has a major bearing on your destiny. It is said that the natal chart and
the dasas are what you have inherited from your past and the gochara is the interplay of the
present with your past. The 1st, and the most important study of the positions of the 9 planets
transiting in the zodiac, is done from the janma rasi or the position of the moon in ones natal
chart. After that their positions from all other planets, houses etc of ones birth chart. Based on
these positions, the gochara shastras give the detailed results.
Let me explain this with the help of the example chart and the Gochara planetary position chart as
on today, 16-4-03.

Example Chart

Gochara Chart

For the native of this chart as shown in the picture above, the gochara planetary positions as
shown in the charts below, is as follows.
His Janma rasi, or the sign in which his moon is positioned in the birth chart (above), is kumbha or
Aquarius. In the gochara chart (below) sun is positioned in Aries or Mesha. Hence counted from his
Janma rasi, sun is in the third house in gochara. Similarly mercury is also in the 3rd from his natal
moon. Rahu is in the 4th from moon, saturn in the 5th, jupiter in the 6th, moon in the 8th, Ketu in
the 10th, mars in the 12th and venus is in the Janma rasi. Similarly note the positions of these
planets from his lagna, i.e., sun and mercury in the 6th etc. Similarly the positions of the 9
gochara planets from the natal position of sun, then mars, then mercury etc. etc.

The effects produced by the 9 transiting planets, placed in various houses from the 9 natal planets
and lagna (Total 10x 9×12=1080 only) are given in the Gochara shastras.

To know the Gochara/transit results of planets click here

You just have to remember and recollect them and apply the relevant ones. While doing this
simple task, you must also see their transit effects as per asthakavargas (12x8x9=864rules). Then
also remember the strengths, weaknesses and effects of these planets, and the dasa, antardasa
and pratyantardasa effects – based on lagna & 16 Vargas placements, shadbalas, different rasi &
house placements, avasthas etc. of the 9 planets and lagna. After that you just have to synthesize,
summarize and analyze these 25000 appx permutations and combinations, and then study the
results as per Prashna also to arrive at what is going to happen!!! God bless you.

This concludes the astro-basic lessons. If you think that you haven’t had enough of this great
science, you are welcome to:-

Free Astrology Scriptures library on this site. Chapter by chapter you can learn the principles of
predictive astrology, given by the great Rishi Parashara, the father of Vedic astrology, in his
famous magnum opus Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra. You will also find 17 other famous
other shastras. Study the lessons, apply the principles to your horoscope and to the horoscopes
of your friends and relatives and you can learn astrology at least upto some extent.
 Astronomy and astrology

It is necessary to have a working idea of how the astrologers scientifically convert the astronomical
planetary positions in to astrological charts. The astrological charts are not some kind of mystic
mumbo jumbo. They are the actual planetary positions in the space at the time of your birth. It is
briefly explained below. All pictures are actual planetary positions as on 1-1-1999, 8:00 AM at New
Delhi.

The above picture is how the planets look in the deep sky. The orbits of the planets around the
Sun and the constellations are superimposed. The picture below is how we see the planets from
the earth, as on 1-1-1999, 8:00 AM at New Delhi.

The picture bellow is a diagrammatic representation of the Earth and the other planets in the
space with the zodiac constellations marked, again as on 1-1-1999, 8:00 AM at New Delhi.. From
the Earth if we draw an imaginary yellow lines to all the other planets and extend those lines to
the zodiac sign behind them, we will end up with the picture below which gives the zodiac positions
of the planets as we see them in space. The pictures of the planets used here are satellite pictures.
Follow the yellow lines drawn from the Earth through each planet and to the signs behind each
planet and you know in which constellations the various planets are placed. So, when we talk
about the planets placed in the various zodiac signs, we mean as we see from the Earth – Saturn
at the top is in the sign Aries, Moon is in Gemini, Jupiter in Aquarius, Mercury in Scorpio, Sun in
Sagittarius, Venus in Capricorn and Mars in Virgo. Also note that it is the 14th lunar phase in the
bright half, very close to full moon, so the sun and the moon are in opposite directions vis-à-vis
the earth.

The picture bellow is how the chart of the planets in heaven would be drawn according to Vedic
astrology. The only difference is that instead of putting the pictures of the planets, we write their
names. The positions of Rahu and ketu are hypothetically [Link] Ascendant or Lagna at
Delhi is Sagittarius. You can learn about how Lagna or Ascendant is calculated from >here

The ephemeris, or the Panchang, give the exact degrees, minutes and seconds of the planets and
this information is normally give in your birth chart. You can learn more about horoscope casting
and the various types of charts in our lesson 3.
 Lagna calculation

The fundamental astronomical and geographic principles involved in Lagna calculation

In Vedic astrology the zodiac is centered on the Sun. So Sunrise time AT THE PLACE OF BIRTH is
important. This is what determines your Lagna or the ascendant, which is the central keystone of
your horoscope.

Ascendant or Lagna is the zodiac sign rising on the eastern horizon at the time of birth, at the
place of birth.

Let us say a child is born at Chennai on 15th January 2007, at exactly Sunrise time, which is 6.39
AM. On 15th January Sun is in 1 degree Capricorn. So the sign Capricorn is just rising on the
eastern [Link] the Lagna is also 1 degree Capricorn. See the picture bellow to get an idea.

As Earth takes 24 hours to spin around its axis, all the 12 zodiac signs will rise on the eastern
horizon. So in a day there will be 12 Lagnas. Hence 24 hrs divided by12 = 2 hours is the time span
of each Lagna.

Each sign has 30 degrees. Hence 2 hours = 120 minits divided by 30 degrees = 4. So every 4
minits the Lagna increases by 1 degree.

The degrees and time I am mentioning are rough rounded off figures. There may be minor
fractional variations depending on season and place etc.
Hence if the child is born at Chennai after 1 hour, i.e. at 7.39, the Lagna will increase by –
60minits divided by 4 = 15 degrees. So at 7.39 the Lagna will be 15 degrees Capricorn. Similarly if
he is born 2 hours after sunrise, the Earth would have spun more and the zodiac sign Capricorn
would have gone further up and the next zodiac sign Aquarius would be just rising on the eastern
horizon. So at 8.40 the child born at Chennai will have Lagna 1 degree Aquarius.

Instead of 15th January suppose the child is born on 30th January at the same place Chennai and
at the same time 6.39 AM. On 15th January Sun was in 1 degree Capricorn and as it travels @ 1
degree per day appx., on 30 January Sun will be in 15 degrees Capricorn. So the child’s Lagna in
this case will be 15 degrees Capricorn.

So on a rough note, the fundamental rule is – if born at Sunrise time Lagna is same as the sign in
which Sun is placed and the Lagna degrees (Longitude) are same as Sun’s degrees. If the birth is
later or before Sunrise, increase or decrease the degrees @ 1 degree per every 4 minits.

When the place of birth changes, the latitude and longitude also change, sometimes the time zone
also changes and because of this the Sunrise time also changes accordingly. This is the reason
why Lagna changes from place to place.

In the days before computerization when calculations were made manually, the Ephemeris used to
give the “Sidereal time” at NOON 12.00 for every day. Taking this sidereal time, with the help of a
“Table of ascendants”, which used to give a chart of the variations for the Lagna for various places
on Earth and time differences, Lagna calculations were made.

The daylight saving time is in operation in many countries. As this is an artificial advancing of time
by one hour, it has no actual effect on Sun’s motion. So if born during the period when daylight
saving time is in operation, we have to take the local time + 1 hour which is the actual real time.
Grahas – the planets
Main article:  Navagraha

Graha (Devanagari: ग्रह, Sanskrit: graha, 'seizing, laying hold of, holding'.)[10]

Nine grahas, or navagrahas, are used:[11]

Sanskrit Name English Name Abbreviation Gender Guna

Surya (सूर्य) Sun Sy or Su M Sattva

Chandra (चंद्र) Moon Ch or Mo F Sattva

Mangala (मंगल) Mars Ma M Tamas

Budha (बध
ु ) Mercury Bu or Me N Rajas

Brihaspati (बह
ृ स्पति) Jupiter Gu or Ju M Sattva

Shukra (शक्र
ु ) Venus Sk or Ve F Rajas

Shani (शनि) Saturn Sa M Tamas

Rahu (राहु) North Lunar Node Ra M Tamas

Ketu (केतु) South Lunar Node Ke M Tamas

Planets in maximum exaltation, mooltrikona (own sign), and debilitation, are:[12]

Graha Exaltation Mooltrikona Debilitation Sign Rulership

Sun 10° Aries 4°-20° Leo 10° Libra Leo

Moon 3° Taurus 4°-20° Cancer 3° Scorpio Cancer

Mars 28° Capricorn 0°-12° Aries 28° Cancer Aries, Scorpio

Mercury 15° Virgo 16°-20° Virgo 15° Pisces Gemini, Virgo

Jupiter 5° Cancer 0°-10° Sagittarius 5° Capricorn Sagittarius, Pisces

Venus 27° Pisces 0°-15° Libra 27° Virgo Taurus, Libra

Saturn 20° Libra 0°-20° Aquarius 20° Aries Capricorn, Aquarius

Rahu and Ketu are exalted in Taurus/Scorpio and are also exalted in Gemini and Virgo.

The natural planetary relationships are:[13]

Graha Friends Neutral Enemies

Sun Moon, Mars, Jupiter Mercury Venus, Saturn

Moon Sun, Mercury Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn Mercury, Venus, Saturn

Mars Sun, Moon, Jupiter Venus, Saturn Mercury

Mercury Sun, Venus Mars, Jupiter, Saturn Moon

Jupiter Sun, Moon, Mars Saturn Mercury, Venus

Venus Mercury, Saturn Mars, Jupiter Sun, Moon

Saturn Venus, Mercury Jupiter Sun, Moon, Mars

Rahu, Ket
Mercury, Venus, Saturn Mars Sun, Moon, Jupiter
u
Rāśi – the zodiac signs
The sidereal zodiac is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees (like the tropical zodiac), divided into 12 equal
parts. Each twelfth part (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or rāśi (Sanskrit: rāśi, 'part'). Jyotiṣa and
Western zodiacs differ in the method of measurement. While synchronically, the two systems are
identical, Jyotiṣa uses primarily the sidereal zodiac (in which stars are considered to be the fixed
background against which the motion of the planets is measured), whereas most Western
astrology uses the tropical zodiac (the motion of the planets is measured against the position of the
Sun on the Spring equinox). This difference becomes noticeable over time. After two millennia, as a
result of the precession of the equinoxes, the origin of the ecliptic longitude has shifted by about 22
degrees. As a result the placement of planets in the Jyotiṣa system is consistent with the actual
zodiac, while in western astrology the planets fall into the following sign, as compared to their
placement in the sidereal zodiac, about two thirds of the time.

Tattva Ruling
Number Sanskrit Name Western/Greek Name Quality
(Element) Planet

1 Meṣa (मेष) "ram" Aries (Κριός "ram") Tejas (Fire) Cara (Movable) Mars

Prithivi
2 Vṛṣabha (वष
ृ भ) "bull" Taurus (Ταῦρος "bull") Sthira (Fixed) Venus
(Earth)

Mithuna (मिथुन) Dvisvabhava
3 Gemini (Δίδυμοι "twins") Vayu (Air) Mercury
"twins" (Dual)

4 Karkaṭa (कर्क ट) "crab" Cancer (Καρκίνος "crab") Jala (Water) Cara (Movable) Moon

5 Siṃha (सिंह) "lion" Leo (Λέων "lion") Tejas (Fire) Sthira (Fixed) Sun

Prithivi Dvisvabhava
6 Kanyā (कन्या) "girl" Virgo (Παρθένος "virgin") Mercury
(Earth) (Dual)

7 Tulā (तुला) "balance" Libra (Ζυγός "balance") Vayu (Air) Cara (Movable) Venus

Vṛścika (वश्चि
ृ क)
8 Scorpio (Σκoρπιός "scorpion") Jala (Water) Sthira (Fixed) Mars
"scorpion"
 Dvisvabhava
9 Dhanus (धनुष) "bow" Sagittarius (Τοξότης "archer") Tejas (Fire) Jupiter
(Dual)

Makara (मकर) "sea- Capricorn (Αἰγόκερως "goat- Prithivi

10 Cara (Movable) Saturn
monster" horned") (Earth)

Kumbha (कुम्भ) Aquarius (Ὑδροχόος "water-
11 Vayu (Air) Sthira (Fixed) Saturn
"pitcher" pourer")

Dvisvabhava
12 Mīna (मीन) "fish" Pisces (Ἰχθεῖς "fish") Jala (Water) Jupiter
(Dual)

The zodiac signs in Hindu astrology correspond to parts of the body:[14]

Sign Part of Body

Meṣa (Aries) head

Vṛṣabha (Taurus) mouth

Mithuna (Gemini) arms

Karka (Cancer) two sides

Siṃha (Leo) heart

Kanyā (Virgo) digestive system

Tula (Libra) umbilical area

Vṛścika (Scorpio) generative organs

Dhanus (Sagittarius) thighs

Makara (Capricorn) knees

Kumbha (Aquarius) Lower part of legs

Mīna (Pisces) feet

Bhāvas – the houses

Main article:  Bhāva

Bhāva (Sanskrit: bhāva, 'division'.) In Hindu astrology, the natal chart is the bhava

chakra (Sanskrit: chakra, 'wheel'.) The bhava chakra is the complete 360° circle of life, divided into
houses, and represents our way of enacting the influences in the wheel. Each house has associated
karaka (Sanskrit: karaka, 'significator') planets that can alter the interpretation of a particular house.[15]

Hous
Name Karakas Meanings
e

1 Lagna Sun outer personality, physique, health/well-being, hair, appearance

Jupiter, Mercury, Venus,

2 Dhana wealth, family relationships, eating habits, speech, eyesight, death
Sun, Moon

natural state, innate temperament, courage, valor, virility, younger

3 Sahaja Mars
siblings

4 Sukha Moon inner life, emotions, home, property, education, mother

5 Putra Jupiter creativity, children, spiritual practices, punya

acute illness, injury, openly known enemies, litigation, daily work,

6 Ari Mars, Saturn
foreigners, service

business and personal relationships, marriage, spouse, war,

7 Yuvati Venus, Jupiter
fighting

8 Randhara Saturn length of life, physical death, mokṣa, chronic illness, deep and
 ancient traditions

9 Dharma Jupiter, Sun luck, fortune, spirituality, dharma, guru, father

Mercury, Jupiter, Sun, dream fulfillment, knees and spine, current karmas, career, sky
10 Karma
Saturn themes (being 12am/mid heavens

gains, profits from work, ability to earn money, social contexts and
11 Labha Jupiter
organizations

12 Vyaya Saturn loss, intuition, imprisonment, feet, foreign travel, moksha