Gauge Capability
Problems:
1. 20 units of the product are taken and the operator is asked to take measurement of a quality
characteristic (having tolerance spread 10) twice
Part X1 X2 ̅
𝑿 R
1 41 40 40.5 1
2 44 43 43.5 1
3 40 41 40.5 1
4 46 47 46.5 1
5 39 38 38.5 1
6 43 41 42 2
7 42 41 41.5 1
8 39 37 38 2
9 44 43 43.5 1
10 45 43 44 2
11 41 40 40.5 1
12 38 39 38.5 1
13 43 45 44 2
14 44 43 43.5 1
15 49 50 49.5 1
16 46 47 46.5 1
17 41 40 40.5 1
18 39 41 40 2
19 45 46 45.5 1
20 39 39 39 0
Average 42.3 1.2
Control limits:
̅ ⟹ 𝑼𝑪𝑳 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟔; 𝑳𝑪𝑳 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝟒 | 𝑨𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 (𝑹𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆)
̿ ± 𝑨𝟐 𝑹
𝒙
̅ = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟐; LCLR=𝑫𝟑 𝑹
UCLR=𝑫𝟒 𝑹 ̅=𝟎
𝑅̅
𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 = 𝑑 =1.064
2
P/T=0.638
𝜎𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 2 =𝜎𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 2+𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2
9.91 = 𝜎𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 2 +1.13
𝜎𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 2.96
𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 1.064
𝜎𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
× 100 = 2.96
× 100 =35.9%
Gauge R&R study
2
𝜎𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
= 𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 = 𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 +𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2
Repeatability → Inherent precision
Reproducibility→ Variation due to different operators using gauge
The experimental design used to study 𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 is called gauge R&R study
Problem:
The data shown here is collected from a company manufacturing precision components. The
instrument used was bore micrometer. The dimension is the internal diameter of switch housing.
The upper specification is 52.69 mm and lower specification is 52.5 mm.
Appraiser 1 Appraiser 2 Appraiser 3
Part
Trial 1 Trial 2 𝑋̅ R Trial 1 Trial 2 𝑋̅ R Trial 1 Trial 2 𝑋̅ R
1 52.595 52.585 52.590 0.010 52.600 52.603 52.601 0.002 52.585 52.595 52.590 0.010
2 52.585 52.590 52.588 0.005 52.600 52.600 52.600 0.000 52.590 52.585 52.588 0.005
3 52.590 52.585 52.588 0.005 52.600 52.595 52.598 0.005 52.585 52.590 52.588 0.005
4 52.585 52.585 52.585 0.000 52.600 52.595 52.598 0.005 52.585 52.585 52.585 0.000
5 52.590 52.590 52.590 0.000 52.590 52.595 52.593 0.005 52.585 52.585 52.585 0.000
52.588 0.004 52.598 52.598 52.598 0.003 52.586 52.588 52.587 0.004
̿̿̿
𝑋1 = 52.588; ̿̿̿
𝑋2 = 52.598; ̿̿̿
𝑋3 = 52.587; ̅̅̅
𝑅1 = 0.004; ̅̅̅
𝑅2 = 0.003; ̅̅̅
𝑅3 = 0.004;
𝑅̿
Gauge repeatability, 𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 =𝑑 = 0.004
2
𝑅
Gauge reproducibility, 𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 =𝑑𝑥̿ = 0.0065
2
2
𝜎𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
= 𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 = 𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 +𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2
𝜎𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 = √𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 +𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2 = 0.0074
Problem 2:
Part No. Operator1 Operator2
1 2 1 2
1 6 6 6.2 6.1
2 7 7 7.1 7.1
3 6.1 6.2 6.8 6.8
4 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.6
5 6.3 6.2 6 6
6 8 7.8 8.2 8.1
7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6
8 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5
9 4.9 5 5.1 5
10 7 7.2 7 6.8
a. Estimate gauge repeatability and reproducibility
b. Estimate standard deviation of measurement error
c. Determine capability of gauge if specification is 7± 0.1
Solution
2
𝜎𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
= 𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 = 𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 +𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2
𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 = 𝜎 2 + 𝜎𝑂2 + 𝜎𝑃𝑂
2
𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 = 𝜎 2 =MSE
𝑀𝑆𝑂 −𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂
𝜎𝑂2 = 𝑝𝑛
2
𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂 − 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝜎𝑃𝑂 =
𝑛
𝑀𝑆𝑃 −𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂
𝜎𝑃2 = 𝑜𝑛
269.6.2
CF = 40
= 1817.10
𝑆𝑆𝑃 = 30.171; 𝑆𝑆𝑂 = 0.1
𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =30.98
𝑆𝑆𝑃×𝑂 = 0.58
SSError= 0.13
2
𝜎𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
= 𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 =
𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 +𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2
𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 = 𝜎 2 + 𝜎𝑂2 + 𝜎𝑃𝑂
2
𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 = 𝜎 2 =MSE=0.0065
𝑀𝑆𝑂 −𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂
𝜎𝑂2 = =0.0018
𝑝𝑛
2
𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂 − 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝜎𝑃𝑂 = = 0.029
𝑛
𝑀𝑆𝑃 −𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂
𝜎𝑃2 = =0.822
𝑜𝑛
𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2 =0.0305
MSError=SSError/(p*o*(n-1))=0.0065
MSP=3.352333
MSO=0.1
MSPO=0.06
2
𝜎𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
= 𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 = 𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 +𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2
𝜎𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 2 = 𝜎 2 + 𝜎𝑂2 + 𝜎𝑃𝑂
2
𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑡 2 = 𝜎 2 =MSE=0.0065
𝑀𝑆𝑂 −𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂
𝜎𝑂2 = =0.0018
𝑝𝑛
2
𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂 − 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝜎𝑃𝑂 = = 0.029
𝑛
𝑀𝑆𝑃 −𝑀𝑆𝑃𝑂
𝜎𝑃2 = 𝑜𝑛
=0.822
𝜎𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑 2 =0.0305
