Course Code: MATH 101

Course Title: MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Course Year/Section: BS CRIM 1, BEED1, BSHM 1, BSTM 1,BSED 1, BSCS 1,
BSIT 1, BSBA 1, BSA 1
Instructor: MS. LALAINE L. PANGUIO

MODULE
(Prelim)
TOPIC OUTLINE

Module 1: 1. Nature of Mathematics

a. Introduction
b. Fibonnaci Sequence
c. Hindu Arabic to Binary
d. Binary to Hindu Arabic
e. Methods of Collection data
f. Methods of Presentation data
g. Frequency Distribution Table
h. Frequency Distribution

Name of Student:
____________________________________________

Course/Year: _____________
 OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

a. Explain that many pattern and occurrences exist in nature, in our world, in our life.
b. Mathematics help make sense of these patterns and occurrences.
c. Mathematics is a tool to quantify, organize, and control our world.

OVERVIEWS

Why do I have to learn this? When am I ever going to use this in real life? You may not
know it but MATH is all around you. You may not recognize it but it is always there.
You use MATH and see MATH every day. Open your eyes and take a look!

LESSON PROPER

THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS

PATTERNS – are found in construction materials, everything from brick walls to walk ways.
Patterns can be found in rooftops, tiled floors, and stairways. Even the wind can make patterns
in sand.

SYMMETRY- is often found in nature, in leaves flowers and plants. Nature also provides
examples of symmetry in the faces and bodies of animals and other living things. Symmetry is
also found in many manmade objects such as windmills, flags and sculptures, guitars and even
eyeglasses. Symmetry can also be found in many different types of architectures.

MEASUREMENTS- precise measurements are necessary to build things such as houses and
buildings. This measurement is used in cooking and baking and also to determine the right
number of servings which will happen in each food stock.

TIME- is measured through clocks, sundials, calendars, watches and datebooks. Scheduling
keeps track of arrivals and departures time by travelling by plane, train or bus.

ESTIMATIONS- we use estimation skills to figure out how many of these things are in this
pictures or how many people are in this events.

MONEY- money skills are very important. Do you know if you receive the correct amount of
change or the right amount of money from the ATM? Money skills are also important in
shopping whether it is for groceries or clothes or determining price.

GEOMETRY: (SHAPES, LINES AND ANGLES) – We can find many geometric shapes in many
manmade objects.

FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND PERCENTS – fractions are used to split people and pies. Percent
are used to figure out batting averages of self praises.

PROBABILITY- is used to determine the rate of likely success among competitors in games of
chance and sporting events.

PROBLEM SOLVING- are you a good problem solver? Can you figure out a way out of this maze?
How can you get your baggage out from the bottom of the file? Or can you figure out a strategy
so you can win out of the game?
 FIBONNACI SEQUENCE

There are a lot of mathematics of art-related concepts like patterns, ratios, similarity, iteration,
symmetry and isometries. In this chapter we will discuss Fibonnaci sequence, goldem ratio, and
some isometries of plane and symmetric patterns.

To find the nth Fibonnaci number, use the BINET form of the nth Fibonnaci number.

Fn= ( 1+2√5 ) n−( 1−2√ 5 ) n

√5

1. Example: use the Binet formula to determine the 25th Fibonnaci number.
1+ √ 5 1−√ 5
(
Solution: Fn= 2 ) n−(
2 )
n

√5
1+ √ 5 1−√5
F25= 2 ( ) (
25−
2
25 )
√5
167761−(−5.96 )
F25=
√5
F25= 75,027.67

2. Example: use the Binet formula to determine the 30th Fibonnaci number.
1+ √ 5 1−√ 5
(
Solution: Fn= 2 ) n−(
2 )
n

√5
1+ √ 5 1−√5
F25= 2 ( ) (
30−
2
30 )
√5
1,860,498−5.37
F25=
√5
F25= 823,037.60

Let’s Practice

1. F35
2. F40
3. F55
4. F60
5. F15

BIT OPERATIONS
 Bit is a short for binary digit. Computers represent information using bits. A bit
has two possible values, 0 and 1, which represent a truth value. As customarily done, 1 will be
used to represent T and O will be used to represent F.

Changing Hindu Arabic to Binary Number

Example: 1. 432

Solution :

OPERATIONS BINARY
432/2 = 216 216 0
216/2 = 108 108 0
108/2 = 54 54 0
54/2 = 27 27 0
27/2 = 13.5 13.5 1
13/2 = 6.5 6.5 1
6/2 = 3 3 0
3/2 = 1.5 1.5 1
½ = 0.5 0.5 1
Answer: 110110000

REMEMBER

The given or the answer is always divided in to two, in getting the Binary number is
depends into the answers if the answer is whole number the binary is 0 while the answer is
decimals the binary is 1 . in writing your answer its start from bottom to top.

Changing Binary number to Hindu Arabic

Example: 1. 01001001

Solution:
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

01001001
64+8+1 = 73

Activity:

I. Convert the following Hindu Arabic numbers to binary numbers.

1. 610
2. 1386
3. 2359
4. 4618
5. 6320
 II. Convert the following binary numbers to Hindu Arabic numbers.

1. 1011011
2. 110011101
3. 101110011
4. 1110010101to
5. 1100011100111

METHODS OF COLLECTION DATA

There are five most common methods in gathering data. These comprise the
direct method, indirect method, registration method, observation method, and
experimental method.

1. Direct Method
This method is frequently called the interview method. This is executed through
a direct and personal interaction of the researcher with the person from whom
data will be collected. It is done by asking the interviewee series of questions.
2. Indirect Method
This is performed through the use of either online questionnaire or paper form
questionnaire distributed to groups of people that are most of the time,
randomly selected. This method is advantageous since it diminishes the time and
effort needed by the researcher to conduct the interview. However, there is no
assurance that those respondents given the questionnaire will respond honestly
and return the said questionnaires.
3. Registration Method
This method is executed through the collection of data from concerned offices.
For example, if you want data about a population, the right office to visit is the
Philippine Statistic Authority (PSA).
4. Observation Method
This method is purely based on the personal remarks of the observer. It is
appropriate to data relating to attitude, behavior, and values of individuals.
5. Experimental Method
It is the method that defines the cause and effect relationships of a certain
parameter or event under a controlled condition. This method is frequently used
by researchers I the field science.

METHODS OF PRESENTATION DATA

Presentation of Data is described as an organization of information such as

measurements, numbers, names, observations, etc. in a certain way.

1. Textual Presentation
This is the technique in a paragraph form in this technique, it does not necessary
mean that the presentation contains of words only but figures can also be
utilized as part of the presentation.
2. Tabular Presentation
This is another way in presenting data. In this technique, the data are
summarized using tables. A table usually used is on the frequently and
percentage distribution. It is a table presenting the frequency and percentage
sharing of nominal data.

3. Graphical Presentation
There are many types of graphs such as line graph, bar graph, pictograph, pie
chart, etc.

a. Line Graph
It shows associations between two or more sets of quantities. In this
technique, the values are plotted using dots which are called markers to
be connected together by line segments.

b. Bar graph
It is graphical method in which each value in the data is represented by
rectangular bars. The length of the bars shows the measure of certain
value while its width has a fixed size.

c. Pictograph
This is a graphical technique that expresses its meaning through its
pictorial similarity to a physical object. Each object used in pictograph
similarity to a physical object used in pictograph stands for corresponding
measure.
 d. Pie chart
This is the type of graphical presentation in which a circle or sometimes a
cylinder is divided into several parts with each parts typifying the
categories of the data.

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

How to construct frequency distribution table (FDT) is a tabular arrangement of data

by categories and their corresponding frequencies. There are some terms that must be well
understood to suitably construct distribution table such as range, class interval, class size,
class frequency, class mark, relative frequency, and cumulative frequency.

Example no. 1

The data shown are the scores of 30 students in physics exam. Construct FDT.

52 71 87 71 74 61

62 75 67 81 76 72

66 92 55 79 54 71

55 94 83 81 85 90

73 95 63 68 59 95

Step no.1: Determine the range

Definition: range is the difference between the highest and the lowest score.

R= highest score – lowest score

R= 95-32 = 43

Step no.2: Determine the desired number of Class Interval (ci).

Definition: class interval is the grouping of category defined by a lower limit and an upper
limit. The ideal number of ci is between 5 and 15.

Step no.3: Determine the Class Size (i)

Definition: class size is the difference between two successive lower class limits. To get i

i = range /desired number of ci

i = 43/9 = 4.78 or 5

Step no. 4: Construct and fill up the FDT.

Basically an FDT contains four fundamental columns as shown in the given table above. These
are the class interval, class boundary, class frequency, and class mark. In the next part, each
of these will be discussed further.

Step no. 5: Make the class intervals. Begin with the lowest score until the highest is reached.

Definition: class boundary is the grouping or category defined by a lower boundary. Lower
boundary is equal to the lower boundary is equal to the lower limit minus 0.5 while the upper
boundary is the upper limit plus 0.5.

Step no. 6: Determine the class frequency (f)

Definition: class frequency is the number of data belonging to a class interval.

Step no.7: Determine the class mark(x)

Definition: class mark is the midpoint of a class interval. To get x

CLASS INTERVAL CLASS CLASS CLASS MARK

BOUNDARY FREQUENCY
1 52-56 51.5-56.5 4 54
2 57-61 56.5-62.5 2 59
3 62-66 61.5-67.5 3 64
4 67-71 66.5-72.5 5 69
5 72-76 71.5-75.5 5 74
6 77-81 76.5-82.5 3 79
7 82-86 81.5-87.5 2 84
8 87-91 86.5-92.5 2 89
9 92-96 91.5-97.5 4 94

Activity1: Find the class boundary and class mark

CLASS INTERVAL CLASS CLASS CLASS MARK

BOUNDARY FREQUENCY
1 10-14 3
2 15-19 4
3 20-24 6
4 25-29 5
5 30-34 8
6 35-39 2
7 40-44 1
8 45-49 8
9 50-54 9
10 55-59 4
11 60-64 10
 Activity2: Find the range

1. 12,45,67,2,23,56,17
2. 45,23,67,8,19,13,16,19,23
3. 25,55,34,45,46,27,57,34
4. 44,30,12,25,23,29,10,9
5. 13,24,35,67,27,38,39

Types of frequency distribution

Another term that requires discussing in this part type of frequency distribution which first type
of frequency distribution which first type of frequency distribution which is the increasing
frequency distribution. By definition, cumulative frequency distribution is the tabular
arrangement of data by class intervals whose frequencies are collected.

class frequency
Relative frequency% = x 100 %
total frequency

CLASS CLASS LESS THAN GREATER RELATIVE

INTERVAL FREQUENCY CUMMULATIV THAN FREQUENCY%
E FREQUENCY CUMMULATIV
E FREQUENCY
1 52-56 4 4 30 13.33%
2 57-61 2 6 26 6.66%
3 62-66 3 9 24 10%
4 67-71 5 14 21 16.67%
5 72-76 5 19 16 16.67%
6 77-81 3 22 11 10%
7 82-86 2 24 8 6.67%
8 87-91 2 26 6 6.67%
9 92-96 4 30 4 13.33%

Activity 1. Find the LCF, GCF and RF%.

CLASS CLASS LESS THAN GREATER RELATIVE

INTERVAL FREQUENCY CUMMULATIVE THAN FREQUENCY%
FREQUENCY CUMMULATIV
E FREQUENCY
1 47-51 5
2 52-56 6
3 57-61 4
4 62-66 9
5 67-71 10
6 72-76 8
7 77-81 12
8 82-86 11
9 87-91 2