Int J Ayu Pharm Chem
REVIEW ARTICLE [Link]
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A Short Review on KshudraRoga
Hriday Pathak1*, S.K.Chakravarty2 and Kanika Goswami3
1,3
Dept. of Samhita and Siddhanta, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Guwahati, Assam, India
2
[Link] Roga Nidan, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Guwahati, Assam, India
Abstract
The skin is the largest protective organ of the body between the external environment and
internal environment of the body. It has several layers and appendages. The diseases which
manifest on the skin is called skin disorders. In Ayurveda the skin disorders are described under
the heading of kustharoga .Kustharoga is mainly two types-kshudrakustha and mahakustha.
Khudrakusthais 11 types and Mahakustha is 7 types. But all these types of kustha do not include
all the skin diseases. So the remaining skin disorders are collectively included under the heading
of kshudraroga. The kshudrarogas include maximum common skin disorsers of skin and skin
appendages of human. Description of Kshudraroga was found in different ancient book. But
the number, name and description vary according to author. Here number, name and brief
identity of the khudrarogas are described according to different author.
Keywords
Skin, Kustharoga,khudrakustha, mahakustha, khudraroga
Greentree Group
Received 20/12/16 Accepted 06/03/16 Published 10/03/16
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INTRODUCTION 1. Different Ayurvedic text
The skin is the largest protective barrier of 2. Journals
the body. It reflects physiological, 3. Internet
pathological, as well as metabolic condition
of the body. According to Ayurveda LITERATURE REVIEW
kustharoga includes near about maximum Kshudraroga consist of two words. One is.
skin diseases but it does not include all the Kshudra which means alpa /laghu or short/
skin diseases found on human skin. So such small/minor and the other isroga which
skin diseases which were excluded are means disease. So kshudraroga means
collectively named as small/short/ minor disease. They are named
[Link] includes some as kshudraroga because their nidan,
common skin disorders for lakshana, and cikitsa are described in
example,yubanpidika i.e. pimples or acne kshudra i.e., in short or brief. Actualy it
vulguris, palitya i.e. grey hair etc. means to say that their nidan and lakshana
Khudraroga has been described in are described in very short. Their treatment
separate chapters by many authors. also is described in very short as they are
not so severe to cause threat of life.. But it
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES also contains some more severe disease, for
1. To study about different numbers example Agnirohini. According to
and name of khudraroga described by MadhavNidan the disease which manifests
different author in Balak is said to be Kshudraroga
2. To study about the identification of
different khudraroga Synnonyms:-Swalpa, adhama, krura,
Daridra, Kripan, Nikrista, Alpa, Nrisangsa,
MATERIALS Kadarya,
Table 1 Difference BetweenKhudraroga and kshudrakustha
Kshudraroga Kshudrakustha
1. Nidan, lakshan and cikiitsa are described in 1. Nidan , lakshana and cikitsa are described in
very short details
2. It is described in separate 2. It is described in Kustharoga chapter
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chapter,namedkhudraroga
3. Seven dosa-dushya are not described here 3. Seven dosa-dushya are described here
Table 2 Name, chapter number and number of Kshudraroga described by different author
Book Chapter Name and number No of roga
SusrutaSamhita Nidansthana/13th chapter/Kshudraroganidan 44
th
and Chikitsasthana/20 chapter/Kshudrarogachikitsa
AsthangaHridaya Uttarasthana /31st chapter/Kshudrarogavigyaniyaadhyayaand 32nd 36
chapter/Kshudrarogapratisedhiya
AsthangaSamgraha Nidansthana/36th chapter/ Kshudrarogavigyaniya and chikitsasthana 36
th
/37 chapter /kshudrarogapratisedha
MadhavNidan Kshudraroganidan/ 55th chapter 42
th
SharangadharSamhita purvakhanda /7 chapter /Kshudraroga 60
BhavPrakash Kshudrarogaadhikar/61st chapter 43
Yoga ratnakar Kshudraroganidan 44
BhaisajyaRatnavali Uttarardha/Kshudrarogaadhikara/60th chapter 44
CLASSIFICATION OF KHUDRA ROGA
Table 3 Name of Kshudraroga
Khudraroga Susruta AsthangaHr Sarangadhara MadhavN Bhab Yoga
iday Samhita idan prakash Ratnakar
1 Ajagallika + + + + +
2 Yavaprakhya + + + + + +
3 Andhalaji + + antralaji antralaji +
4 Vivrita + + + + + +
5 Kacchapika + kacchapi + + + +
6 Valmik + + + + + +
7 Indravriddha + Viddha + + + +
8 Panasika + + + + + +
9 Pasangardabha + + + + + +
10 Jalagardabha + + + + + +
11 Kaksha + + + + + +
12 Visphotaka + + + 8 types
/visphot
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13 Agnirohini + + + + + +
14 Chippa + + + + + +
15 Kunakha + + + + + +
16 Anushayi + + + + +
17 Vidarika + vidari + + + +
18 Sharkararbud + + + sarkara + +
19 Pama +
20 Vicharchika +
21 Raksha + +
22 Padadarika + padadari Dari Padadari
23 Kadar + + + + +
24 Alas + + + + + +
25 Indralupta + + + +
26 Darunaka + daruna + +
27 Arunshika + + + +
28 Palit + + + +
29 Masurika + + 14 types
30 Yubanpidika / + + + + + +
mukhadusika
31 Padminikantaka + + + + + +
32 Jatumani + + + + + +
33 Mashak + Masa + + + Masa
34 Charmakil + + +
35 Tilkalak + + + + + +
36 Nyachhya + + + +
37 Vyanga + + 4 types + + +
38 Parivartika + + + +
39 Avapatika + + + +
40 Nirudhhaprakash + + + +
41 Sanniruddhaguda + Ruddhaguda + + + +
42 Ahiputana + + + +
43 Vrishankacchu + + + + +
44 Gudabhrangsha + + + + +
45 Koth + +
46 Utkoth +
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47 Rajika + +
48 Erivellika + Erivelli + + +
49 Lanchhan +
50 Prasupti +
51 Gandhanama + Gandha Gandham + +
ala
52 Gardabhika + Gardabhi gardabhi + +
53 Nilika + + + +
54 Sukardamstra + + + +
/barahadamstra
55 Sarkara +
The kshudrarogas can be grouped based on some may appear in any part of the body.
possibility of site of manifestation. Some According to possible site of manifestation
kshudrarogas manifest in particular site and they can be grouped as follows-
Table 4 Kshudraroga according to site
Site Kshudraroga
Head, neck and face Khalitya, palitya, darunaka, arumshika, panasika, pasangardabha, valmika, vyanga, nilika,
irribellika, yubanpidika
Trunk Agnirohini, Kaksha, Ahiputana, Gudabhrangs, Charmakila, Vrishankacchu,
Niruddhaprakash, Sanniruddhaguda, Avapatika
Upperlimb Chippa, kunakha, valmeeka
Lowerlimb Paadadari,Alasak, vipadika, anusayi, Kadara, Valmika
Other Masurika, Visphota, Ajagallika, Yavaprakhya, Andhalaji,Vivrita, Kacchapika, Indraviddha,
Gardabhi, Jalagardabha, Sharkaraarbuda, Padminikantaka, Jatumani, Mashaka, Nyasccha,
Varahadamstra
Kshudraroga Rupa Dosha
Ajagallika Snigdha, sabarna(sorounding skin colour), grathita, painless ,shape is Kapha
(Papule) like mudga. Common in infant vata
Yavaprakhya Shape like yava, sukathin, grathita, mamsasamsrita Kapha
(Hard mole) Vata
Andhalaji/Antralaji/Alaji Ghana, vakra, unnat, parimandalapidaka, alpapuyayukta Kapha
(Hard or closed pustule) Vata
Vivrita Vivrita,Mahadaha,parimandala(round ).Colour like Pitta
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(Pustular Ulcer) pakkaudumbaraphala
Kacchapika/kacchapi Shape like back of tortoise, a group of Five or six darun(hard) granthi Kapha
(Hard growth or Cyst) appear in a same place Vata
Valmik(Actinomycosis Granthi resembling valmi appears on pani, pada, sandhi, neck and Kapha
/Madura foot upper region of clavicle and the condition gradually increases associated Pitta
/sebaceous horn) with multiple opening , toda, kleda, daha, kandu, mucopurulent Vata
discharge. According to Madhavnidan it is chirakalin.
Indraviddha/viddha Pidaka arranged in the same circular way of distribution of padmabeeja Vata
(Circular pustular ulcer) in kosha Pitta
Panasika Pidaka that grows inside karna associated with severe pain, sthira Vata
(Fistula or cyst inside the .According to Susruta it appears on external ear or back of the ear. It Kapha
ear) resembles the saluki(kumud bulb)
Pasangardav Snigdha, Sthirasotha(Swelling) on hanusandhi with alpapeeda, Kapha
(Parotitis/ Mumps) Vata
Jalagardava Tanu, sotha which is spreading in nature,alpapakayukta associated with Pitta
(Lymphangitis) daha and jwara
Kaksha Black sphota on bahu, parcha, kaksha, angsa with pain Pitta,
(Herpeszoster Vata,
/axillary lymphadenitis) /Pitta
(Ca)
Visphotaka Sphota resembling agnidagdha,with fever. Appears on whole body or Pitta
(Small pox or exanthema) part of body
Agnirohini Sphota appears in kaksha following mamsadaran,Severe burning and Tridosa
(Plague/axillary abscess) fever like sensation of blazing fire, It is incurable and kills the patient
on the 7th,10th or 15th day
Chippa Vitiated vata and pitta effects the nakhamamsa and produce Vata
(Paronychia/Whitlaw) pain,daha,andpaka Pitta
Kunakha It occurs due to abhighata or alpadosa. Nakha becomes ruksha, khara,
(Onchogryposis) asita(black)
Anusai Gambhira, alpasophayukta, twachavarnasaman, anta Kapha
(Deep abscess of foot) prapak(suppurates in deeper).Manifests upper part of foot.
Vidarika Appears in kaksha and bangshanasandhi. Round like vidarikanda, Tridosa
(Axillary or inguinal [Link] /Vata,
bulbo) Kapha
Sharkararbud Kapha, and vayu reach mamsa, meda,sira and snayu produce Kapha
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(Sebaceous horn or cyst) granthi(cyst),after burst of this cyst it produces secretion resembling Vata
madhu, ghrita, and vasa. Due to excessive secretion vata get aggravated
and it dries and gathermamsa leading to formation of sarkara. Sira
secrets durgandha ,atikledayukta and of various colour raktasrava
Pama (Scabies,Eczema) Small peedaka with kandu, srava, daha
Vicharchika (Eczema) Fissure like line on hand, feet associated with itching, pain, roughness Tridosa
Raksha (Dry eczema) Peedaka associated with itching, no discharge Kapha
Padadarika/vidari/dari Extreme bare foot walking causes vitiation of vayu and vitiated vayu Vata
(Rhagades) produces dari(painfull crack) at foot of a ruksha person
Kadar During walking the pada get injured by stone, kantakaetc and a hard , Vata
(Corn /callosity) painfull , sravayukta,raised or depressed at middle granthi appears at Kapha
the injured site resembling a kola .It occurs due to vitiation of meda and
raktalocaly by dosha and appears at the sole
Alas occurs between the toes. Because of contact with mud it become clinna Kapha
(Dhobi’s itch) and cause Kandu,daha, ruja
Indralupta Pitta along with vata enters into romakupa and produces Vata
(Alopecia) romapatan,thenrakta mixed with kapha obstruct the romakupa which pitta
Syn-khalitya,rujya will not allow to grow hair kapha
Darunaka( Dandruff) Daruna(hard), kandu, ruksha of keshasthana of head Kapha
Syn-ruchi Vata
Arunsika Due to vitiation of kapha, rakta and krimi there is ulcer associated with Kapha
(Seborrhea/Pityriasis bahubaktra(multiple outlet),bahukleda(mucopurulent discharge) on
capitis/scalp eczema) scalp
Palit Heat produced due to Krodha, soka, srama and sirogata pitta makes Pitta
( Premature grey of hair) the hair prematurely grey
Masurika Tamra or peetavarnapshota with pain, fever, [Link] appears all over Pitta
(small pox) the body, face, inside mouth cavity
Yubanpidika Shalmalikantak like eruption due to kapha, vata and rakta vitiation Kapha
/Mukhadusika appears on face of young person Vata
(Acne vulgaris)
Padminikantaka Circular, panduvarna patch containing padmakantaka like eruption Vata
(Papilloma of skin) having itching Kapha
Jatumani (Congenital Painless, smooth utsanna, circular, sahaja(congenital)mark on body Kapha/
mole/birthMark) Tridosh
Masaka Painless, sthira, black and elevated eruption on the body resembling the Vata
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( Elevated mole) masa
Charmakil(Skin tag) More raised than carmakil. It may be white or black Vata
Tilkalak Black, painless, at same level of skin resembling tila(sesamum seed)
(Non elevated mole) due to dried up of kapha by vata , pitta tridosh
Nyacchya Congenital, painless, white or brown, small or large patch on body Pitta
(congenital hyper- Vata
pigmentation of body)
Vyanga Vitiated vayu due to krodha , soka and ayasa(physical exersion) Vata
(Black pigmentation on combined with pitta produces circular patch on face which is thin(tanu), Pitta
face) painless and brown coloured
Parivartika Due to atimardan, atipidan and abhighata vayu get vitiated and enters Vata
(paraphimosis) medhracharma(prepauce) .As a result the medhracharma become Kapha
everted and a granthi is formed under the skin which hangs down with
Pain , burning and sometimes paka,kandu,kathina
Avapatika Due to performing maithuna forcefully with woman having narrow Tridosh
(Cracked prepauce) vaginal orifice,hastamaithun, forcefully retraction of penis,
mardan,peedan or sukaravegabhighat the foreskin of the penis become
cracked.
Niruddhaprakash Because of vitiated vata the prepauce of the penis covers up the glans Vata
(Phimosis) penis and obstruct the urethral orifice as a result of which there is
obstruction of urine [Link] flows slowly without causing pain
and opening the
prepauce.
Sanniruddhaguda Due to begadharan vitiated vata goes to the gudapradesh and causes Vata
/Ruddhaguda obstruction leading to constriction of gudamarga and passage of mala
(Stricture of rectum) with difficulty
Ahiputana If a child is not cleaned after urination, defaecation,and atisweda ,and Kapha
(Napkin rash not washed cause itching in guda due to kapha and rakta and produces
/sore buttock) immediately raised eruption with srava
Vrishankacchu Because of abstinence from snana and utsadana mala containing on Kapha
(Eczema of scrotum) brisana get mixed with sweda when perspirated and produces itching
which leads to formation of sphota associated with srava
Gudabhrangs If one possessing ruksha ,durablyasarira suffer from pravahana and Vata
(Prolapse of rectum) atisara then guda comes out.
Utkotha Pitta and kapha aggravated by asamyakvaman and annanigrah produces Pitta
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(Urticaria) multiple circular red patch with severe itching Kapha
Koth Multiple utkoth join together to become one Pitta
(Erythema or rash) Kapha
Rajika After contamination with sweat painful,
(Pustule) ,hard, resembling rajika(mustard seed) in colour, shape and size
manifest on body
Eribellika In sira(head) there is circular peedaka associated with ugraruja(severe Tridosa
(Painful pustule of head) pain ), jwara and tridosajalakshana
Lancchan(congenital Black or white, congenital patch at the same level of skin Pitta
hyperpigmentation) vata
Prasupti Kapha aggravated by vayu reaching the twacha get dried up then Kapha
(Hypo pigmented skin twacha become pale and losses its sensation, with little or no itching and Vata
with loss of sensation) moistness
Gandhamala/Gandha Only one Sphota like eruption in twacha Pitta
/Gandhanama(Lymph
gland enlargement)
Gardabhi Circular, wide, raised, slightly redish patch Vata
(Erythematous rash) Pitta
Nilika The vyanga if manifest in other place is known as nilika. It is Vata
(Naevi) krisnavarna. Pitta
Varahadamstra/Sukardam Redish surrounding area,twakapaki,associated with burning, severe pain
stra(Ulcerative parotitis) ,itching and jwara
DISCUSSION Vali, Palitaetc in rasapradosajavikara.
AcharyaCarak had not described the Vyanga, Nilika, Tilkalakin
kshudrarogas in a separate chapter and he raktapradosajavikara. Vipadika, Alasak,
has not mentioned the number of Viphota, Pama, Vicharchika in kustharoga.
kshudraroga. He described different Khalitya,Palityain trimarmiyachikitsa.
kshudrarogas in different chapters where Vyanga, Masak, Alaji, Charmakil in
they are relevant. He described Vipadika, Bahyarogamargajavikara.
padasuptata, Gudabhrangs in relation with
Vatavyadhi,20th chapter of sutrasthana. He CONCLUSION
described Nilika,Kaksha in pitta vyadhi. Some Acharya said that the number
of kshudrarogas has no limitbut collectively
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they are named in limited number because
maximum disease are almost same.
The number of kshudraroga varies
according to author. Some acharyas have
not included all the kshudrarogas under one
chapter. They have included such rogas in
other chapters also some of which were
named as kshudrarogas by another Acharya.
Although different author named the
kshudraroga in different term but some of
them are almost same.
Nidan and lakshana of some
kshudrarogas are same but their name varies
depending upon their site of manifestation.
Although kshudrarogas are defined
as alparupi or of mild form but some of
them causes severe form. Some kshudra
rogas need surgical treatment.
Some Kshudraroga takes different
name depending upon its severity.
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