10

QUARTER 1

SCIENCE
Earth and Space
 Science 10 – Course Guide

SCIENCE 10
QUARTER 1
EARTH AND SPACE

INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE

Course Description

In this course, the topics will focus solely on a theory that explains the
existence of volcanoes and other geologic features.

Content Standard

The learners demonstrate an understanding of the relationship among the

locations of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges.

Performance Standards

The learners shall be able to: (1) demonstrate ways to ensure disaster
preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions; and (2)
suggests ways by which the learners can contribute to government efforts in
reducing damage due to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

Learning Outcomes

The learners should be able to:

(1) describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake

epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory;
(2) describe the different types of plate boundaries;
(3) explain the different processes that occur along the plate boundaries;
(4) describe the possible causes of plate movement;
(5) enumerate the lines of evidence that support plate movement.

2
 Science 10 – Course Guide

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING

SCHEDULE COMPETENCIES EXPECTED OUTPUT
MELC
Sept. 13-
Week 1 17 Describe and relate the Reflection 1.1: What is
distribution of active volcanoes, plate tectonics?
earthquake epicenters, and
Reflection 1.2: What is
major mountain belts to Plate
tectonic plate?
Tectonics Theory
Learning Task 1.1: Find
the Center

Reflection 1.3: What is

the importance of
determining the epicenter
of an earthquake

Sept. 20-
Week 2 24 Learning Task 1.2: Mark
the Plate

Reflection 1.4: What are

the different tectonic
plates?

Learning Task 1.3: Let’s

Mark the Boundaries

Reflection 1.5: What is

the basis of dividing the
Earth’s Lithosphere into
several plates?

Sept. 27-
Week 3 Oct.1 Performance Task 1.0:
Survival Kit

Week 4 Oct.4-8 Describe the different types of Learning Task 2.1

plate boundaries
Types of Plate boundaries

Post Test

Performance Task 2.0

3
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Model of different types of

plate boundaries

Online Quiz

Oct. 11-
Week 5 15 Explain the different processes Learning Task 3.1a
that occur along plate Convergent Plate Boundary
boundaries
Learning Task 3.1b
Divergent Plate Boundary
and Transform Fault
Boundary

Week 6 Oct. 18-22 Learning Task 3.2.

Processes In Plate
Movements
Learning Task 3.3. Reflect
and React
Learning Task 3.4. Quiz

Week 7 Oct.25-29 Describe the possible causes of Forum 4.1. Picture Analysis
plate movement Learning Task 4.2.

Article Review
Learning Task 4.3.
Article Review
Learning Task 4.4

Evaluation
Learning Task 5.1. Picture
Week 8 Nov. 3-5 Enumerate the lines of Analysis
evidence that support plate
movement Forum 5.0. Evidences of
Plate Movement

Learning Task 5.2.

Justify Your Answer

Forum 5.1. Understanding

Continental drift Theory

4
 Science 10 – Course Guide

PARTS OF THE LESSONS

In this course, the INTRODUCTION gives a signal that a ne

learning event has begun. It presents the lesson review,
purpose of the lesson and presentation of samples. It
shows the core knowledge that each of you should learn
based from the learning competencies and the key
message.

The DEVELOPMENT refers to the concepts and skills each

of you should master. This part involves the discussion
wherein content materials are presented in a most
appropriate form and mastery development of the lesson
introduced through meaning learning tasks.

The ENGAGEMENT presents the application and additional

activities of the lesson. It also refers to the cognitive tasks
that you must be involved with. This portion provides
pedagogical and real-life tasks to learners to enhance their
skills relative to the identified key message.

The ASSIMILATION presents the generalization,

abstraction and evaluation of the lesson. It also refers to
understanding of the target key message, skills or
competency. This refers to deepened understanding of
competencies that you may established and absorbed
making such skills part of your daily lives and system, and
habits of mind.

5
 Science 10 – Course Guide

LESSON 1.

Distribution of Active Volcanoes,

Earthquake Epicenters and Major
Mountain Belts

INTRODUCTION
Philippines is considered as one of the popular tourist destinations in Asia. One of
the reasons is because our country is a house of many land features such as mountain range
and volcano. In your Science 7 you have learned our country’s location which is along the
Ring of Fire then, in Grade 8 you studied about earthquakes and finally in Science 9 you have
learned about the different types of volcanoes, types of volcanic eruptions and the energy
from volcanoes. In this module, we will discover how volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
mountain ranges are distributed in the world. We will find out in which area of the earth are
they usually located. This will lead to an appreciation of plate tectonics—a theory that binds
many geologic processes such as volcanism and earthquakes.

To check if you still remember your previous lesson about volcanoes you need to answer this
short quiz.

● Review Quiz

Congratulations! You are now ready to learn another very interesting lesson in earth space.
In the next activity, you will be asked to determine the different terms that you will encounter
in this module. To help you with coming up with the set of words, 4 pictures will be shown
and you will analyse what word is associated with the pictures. This activity is familiar to you
since it is the same with game in cell phones which is called 4 pics 1 word. Are you ready?

● 4 PICS 1 WORD

Good job! Now, you have an idea what this module will talk about. In this module, we will
discover how these terms will help us understand our lesson.

DEVELOPMENT
What comes in to your mind when you hear PLATE TECTONICS, PLATES OR
TECTONIC PLATES, EARTQUAKE EPICENTER? These terms are common to us since most of
the time we hear them from the news. To better understand these terms, you will watch the
following videos. Links are provided for the videos. After watching the videos, you need to
answer the guide questions which can be found in the forum. Don't forget also to do the

6
 Science 10 – Course Guide

activity in the last video. Please leave a comment on at least 1 of your classmates’ submission
in the forum. If you have any questions or clarifications regarding the activity, just send a
private message to your teacher. Enjoy learning!

● Plate Tectonics Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzhPmemffII

● Reflection 1.1 (required)
1. What different geologic features and events are observed associated to plate
tectonics?
2. In your own words, what is plate tectonics?

● Tectonic Plates Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9u4NhAXAuj8&t=45s

● Reflection 1.2 (required)
1. What is tectonic plate?
2. Differentiate the types of tectonic plates.

● Earthquake Epicenter Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EemdG3JK6o4

● Learning Task 1.1. Find the Center (required)
● Reflection 1.3 (required)
1. Where is the epicenter of the hypothetical earthquake in the activity FIND THE
CENTER?
2. What difficulty will you encounter if you only have data from two recording
stations?
3. What do you think is the importance of determining the epicenter of an
earthquake?

Now that we are already familiar with plate tectonics, tectonic plates and earthquake
epicenter, let us now explore how mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquake epicenters
are distributed in the world. To help us with this task, we need to do the following activities.

There are guide questions that you need to answer in the forum section. You need also to
give comment on at least 1 of your classmates’ submission in the forum. If you have any
questions or clarifications regarding the activity, just send a private message to your teacher.
Happy learning!

● Learning Task 1.2. Mark the Plate (required)

● Reflection 1.4 (required)
1. What major tectonic plates are found around the Philippines? (Give the names of
the major tectonic plates from the map)
2. In what specific type of tectonic plate, the Philippines is located? (Continental or
Oceanic)
● Learning Task 1.3. Let’s Mark the Boundaries (required)
● Reflection 1.5 (required)
1. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of
earthquake epicenters and volcanoes? Click this link for additional information
https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.tectonic/tect
onic-plates-earthquakes-and-volcanoes
2. Now that you have seen the location of volcanoes, mountain ranges, and majority
of earthquake epicenters, study the figure Map of Plate boundaries below once
more. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere
into several plates?

7
 Science 10 – Course Guide

ENGAGEMENT
At this point, we are quite aware that our country is susceptible to different disasters such as
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Therefore, it is a must for us to prepare and ensure our safety
and survival when these disasters strike. As the saying goes,
“Prevention is better than cure.”

For this activity, your goal is to help your family prepare for an impending emergency. Your
task is to prepare a survival kit for the whole family. Decide what items should be in your kit.
Your output can be in a form of pictures or video. Check the rubric below to give you an idea
what to include in your output.

Upload your work in the SURVIVAL KIT SUBMISSION BIN below and give a comment on at
least 1 submission of your classmate.

The scoring rubric below will be used in assessing your output.

Criteria 1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points

Survival Kit None of the items A few of the items At least 8 items At least 10 items
Items are necessary for are clearly are clearly are clearly
survival during or necessary for necessary for necessary for
after a disaster. survival during or survival during or survival during or
after a disaster. after a disaster. after a disaster.

8
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Labels and None of the items A few of the items At least 8 of the At least 10 items
are labelled
Uses are labelled are labelled items are labelled properly
properly and properly and a properly and a and a reason for
there is no reason for each reason for each each item is stated
reason for item is included on item is included on on a separate sheet
including it in the a separate sheet of a separate sheet of of paper.
survival kit. paper. paper.

Neatness The kit is not The kit is The kit is done well The kit is neatly
and Effort organized. It somewhat with some organized and
exerted looks like the organized and it organization and labelled as
labelling. It
student threw it looks like the appears necessary. Much
together at the student ran out of the student worked time and effort
last minute time or didn’t take hard on it. were put into
without much care of the creating this
care. project. project.

ASSIMILATION
Congratulations for doing your best in this module! What do you think is the importance of
knowing how active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts are
distributed in the world? Let’s find out in this activity!

Research using the internet 2 volcanic eruptions and 2 earthquakes that occurred in the
21stcentury. Then, compare the location (country) of these earthquakes and volcanoes to the
location of the mountain ranges and plate boundaries. What did you observe? Share your
ideas in the forum and comment on at least 1 of your classmates’ submission. Put your
references (URL) below your post in the forum.

● Location of mountain ranges

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/buac17-35-sci-ess-glblmtnranges/global-
patterns-of-mountain-ranges/

● Map of Plate Boundaries

https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/dynamicearth/tectonicsmap/index.html

● Global Earthquakes and Volcanoes Map

https://pbslm-contrib.s3.amazonaws.com/WGBH/buac17/buac17-int-
quakevolmapint/index.html

● Reflection 1.6 (required)

1. Research using the internet 2 volcanic eruptions and 2 earthquakes that occurred
in the 21stcentury.
2. Are the locations of the earthquakes and volcanic eruptions near the plate
boundaries?
3. What do you think is the importance of knowing how active volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts are distributed on earth?

9
 Science 10 – Course Guide

REFERENCES
Acosta, Hermana D.,et.al 2015. Science-Grade 10 Learner’s Materials First Edition.
Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS) Rex Book
Store.

Ben Work. (2016, March 29). Oceanic vs. Continental Crust. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9u4NhAXAuj8

Chavez, Rachael. (2020, April 22). Finding Epicenter by Triangulation Method. Retrieved
from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EemdG3JK6o4&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR0_QqXx
8ftaq1cQ8MiHCoiSBmUZS5H7KmXqWHxyEpOUkBAgpkIFl3XJFI

Earthguide at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Earthquake Triangulation Activity.

Retrieved from
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/swf_earthquake_triangulation/p_activit
y_eqtriangulation.html

Learner.org. Plates and Boundaries. Retrieved from https://www.learner.org/wp-

content/interactive/dynamicearth/tectonicsmap/index.html

Lovdahl Science. (2012, July 31). Plate Tectonics and Plate Boundaries. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=engPC9hbjqM

Earth Learning Idea. Retrieved from

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.tectonic/tectonic-plates-
earthquakes-and-volcanoes

Gregorio, Frank. (2018, October 31). Introduction to Plate Tectonics. Retrieved

from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzhPmemffII

Plate Tectonics (Simulation). (2020). Retrieved from

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/plate-tectonics

PBS Learning Media. Global Earthquakes and Volcanoes Map. Retrieved from https://pbslm-
contrib.s3.amazonaws.com/WGBH/buac17/buac17-int-quakevolmapint/index.html

PBS Learning Media. Global Patterns of Mountain Ranges. Retrieved from

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/buac17-35-sci-ess-glblmtnranges/global-
patterns-of-mountain-ranges/

Sammartano, Mike. (2013, December 17). Determining the Epicenter Distance of

an Earthquake. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eFS4WhsrHA

Science Cross-Specialization Training (PowerPoint slides), DepEd Bureau of Learning

Delivery, Teaching Learning Division.

10
 Science 10 – Course Guide

LESSON 2.

Types of Plate Boundaries

INTRODUCTION

In your previous lesson you have learned about the location of active volcanoes, mountain
ranges, and earthquake epicenter using world map, triangulation method and distance-time
graph. Precautionary measures of what to do before, during, and after an earthquake were
also demonstrated.

Identifying and describing the different types of plate boundaries will help you to understand
the occurrence of an earthquake and other geologic activities. In this lesson you will be able
to learn the different types of plate boundaries and their movements. At the end of the lesson
the learners will be able to enumerate and explain the different types of plate boundaries;
locate the different plate boundaries on earth using a world map; and describe and illustrate
the different types of plate boundaries using models.

Before you proceed to the main lesson, let's check if you still remember the lesson discussed
in the previous module.

● Review

Congratulations, you did great! I am sure that you are now ready to learn about the
different types of plate boundaries.

As an introductory activity to learn about the different types of plate boundaries you may
now answer the pre-test.

● Pre-test

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer

1. Which of the will form when two tectonic plates are moving toward each other?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

2. Nazca plate and South American plate is an example of what plate boundary?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

3. What type of plate boundary formed if two plates moved away from each other?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

4. What type of plate boundary exists in two sliding plates?

a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

5. What type of plate boundary exists on a certain island if you can find rift valley?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

11
 Science 10 – Course Guide

6. Which of the following is not a divergent plate boundary?

a. Mid-ocean ridge c. Sea floor spreading
b. Fault line d. Rift Valley

7. What plate boundary is formed between Philippine plate and Eurasian plate?
a. convergent b. reverse c. divergent d. transform

8. Which of the following geologic features is an example of convergent plate boundary?

a. San Andreas fault c. Sierra Madre mountain ranges
b. East Pacific Rise d. Great Rift Valley of East Africa

9. What type of plate boundary when two plates slide or grind past each other without
diverging or converging?
a. convergent b. divergent c. transform d. normal

10. What geologic feature is formed when two oceanic plates collide?
a. volcano b. trench c. mountains d. oceanic ridge

Congratulations and good luck!

DEVELOPMENT

Lithosphere is made up of several plates on which the continents and ocean floor rest. These
tectonic plates may move away, toward, or past one another. Plate boundaries are the edges
where two plates meet. Most geologic activities, including volcanoes, earthquakes, and
mountain building, take place at plate boundaries.

To understand more, download and study the given materials in our online classroom. Read the
lecture in the slide presentation prepared by your teacher, watch the video from Youtube, and
explore more in the given links about the different types of plate boundaries.

12
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Slide presentation: Types of Plate Boundaries

https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Xew0JpG2CeB0sxZfXjVYLRM7F3w01Ij/view?usp=sharing

Video presentation: DEPED TV EPISODE 5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eeM1Qw2PGo

Interactive Game: https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/earth/plates-on-the-move2/game

Other Learning Resources

To understand better about plate boundaries you can also explore the following links:
https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-boundary-oceanic-continental.gif
https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml
https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-boundary-oceanic-oceanic.gif
https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml
https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-boundary.gif
https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml

➢ Learning Tasks / Activities

*For Your Information: Student may explore more about plate boundaries before
he/she starts to answer the learning tasks.

Learning Task 2.1: Plate Boundaries (REQUIRED)

Answer the following;

1. What are the three types of plate boundaries?

2. Describe the following types of plate boundaries;
a. Convergent plate boundaries
continental-continental convergence
oceanic-oceanic convergence
oceanic-continental convergence
b. Divergent plate boundaries
c. Transform plate boundaries

3. Study the world map below and answer the questions;

What type of plate boundaries are existing in the following plates;
a. Eurasian and Philippine plates
b. Nazca and South American plates
c. North American and Eurasian plates
d. Pacific and North American plates
e. Antarctic and Australian plates

13
 Science 10 – Course Guide

https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=1f6tXLC8CcaHr7wPpOawyAs&q=worl+map+with+arrow+of+plate+movements
+pic&oq=worl+map+with+arrow+of+plate+movements+pic&gs_l=img.3...288937.313903..314214...12.0..0.253.8361.0j40j10......1....
1..gws-wizimg.......0i67j0j0i7i30j0i8i10i30j0i10i24.S6UYWc 5h774# imgrc=-yC_4d21DoqW_M:

➢ POST-TEST(REQUIRED)

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer

1. What geologic feature is formed when two continental plates collide?

a. volcano b. trench c. mountain ranges d. oceanic ridge

2. What type of plate boundary exists on a certain island if you can find mountain ranges?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

3. Which of the will form when two tectonic plates are colliding to each other?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

4. What type of plate boundary formed if two plates moved in different directions?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. normal

5. Which of the following geologic features formed in the divergent plate boundary?
a. San Andreas fault c. Mt. Himalayas
b. Sierra Madre d. Great Rift Valley of East Africa

14
 Science 10 – Course Guide

6. If there are two sliding plates in a certain island, what type of plate boundary exists?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

7. What plate boundary is formed between African plate and Eurasian plate?
a. convergent b. reverse c. divergent d. transform

8. What type of plate boundary when two plates slide or grind past to each other?
a. convergent b. divergent c. transform d. normal

9. What plate boundary exists between North American and Eurasian plate?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

10. Which of the following is not a divergent plate boundary?

a. Mid-ocean ridge c. spreading of sea floor
b. Mt. Himalayas d. Rift Valley

ENGAGEMENT

To describe the different types of plate boundaries in a more realistic way, download the
directions of the task in our online classroom (Performance Task-Directions).

● Performance task (required)

Directions: Describe the different types of plate boundaries using miniature, online illustrator
and other available materials in your home (e.g. clay, wood, crackers etc.) present your
output through video presentation.

Click the following links for the sample product;

1. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/777433954399999532/
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tA1ezBHnz7U
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjSaKKdZ3DI

GOAL- your goal is to describe the different type plate boundaries

ROLE- your role is an online influencer geologist / vlogger
AUDIENCE- Students

SITUATION- According the PHIVOLCS “BIG ONE” is a 7.2 (or higher) magnitude earthquake
expected to occur along the west valley fault if the plates continue to move.
To explain it comprehensively, your teacher asks you to describe the different
types of plate boundaries
PRODUCT- Video presentation about plate boundaries through models
STANDARDS- content, organization of content, graphical design, documentation copyright
STANDARDS- content, organization of content, graphical design, documentation copyright

15
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Rubric
Criteria Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning Score
4 3 2 1
The student has
The student The ideas The ideas
many (give 4-5
expresses some (2-3 expressed about expressed
ideas) ideas and
ideas) ideas about plate boundaries are often
expresses about
Content plate boundaries. are limited, not confused and
plate boundaries.
The majority of the all ideas in the are not
The majority of
discussions are discussion are connected to
the discussions
related plate connected to the plate
are related plate
boundaries. plate boundaries boundaries.
boundaries.

Organization Logical, intuitive

Some logical
of Content and interesting The sequence of Shows little
sequence of
sequence of scene and is logical. or no
scenes and
scenes and Storyline is evident organization
action is evident
action. Clear in much of the of the
but is not easy
beginning, content. content.
to follow.
middle, and end.

Graphical Many different

Design takes, camera
More variation in Most shots
angles, sound
takes, camera Better use of are taken
effects, and
angles, sound camera angles, from one
careful use of
effects, and careful sound effects, camera angle
zoom provided
use of zoom provided and more and the zoom
more variety.
more variety. Good careful use of was not well
Focus was
audio and video zoom. Better used. Poor
excellent
quality maintained audio and video quality audio
throughout and
throughout the quality. and video
audio quality was
project. components.
loud and clear at
all times.

Copyright and Some sources Sources have

All sources are Most sources are
Documentation have not been not been
properly cited properly cited
properly cited properly cited

16
 Science 10 – Course Guide

● Reflection 2.1
Study the fault lines on the Philippine map and answer the question below

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/498210777499066211/

Forum 2.1: "If you will be given a chance to choose a place to build your house anywhere in
the country and your main consideration are the likely occurrence of an
earthquake, which province in the Philippines will you choose? Why?" Limit
your answer in 200 words.

17
 Science 10 – Course Guide

ASSIMILATION
To deepen your understanding about the different types of plate boundaries answer the
reflection 2.2 and online quiz.

● Reflection 2.1
● Online quiz (required)

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer

1. Which of the following is TRUE between Continental crust and Oceanic crust?
a. Continental crust is thinner while oceanic crust is lighter.
b. Continental crust is thicker while oceanic crust is lighter.
c. Continental crust is thinner while oceanic crust is heavier.
d. Continental crust is thicker while oceanic crust is heavier.

2. What happens when two oceanic plates collide?

a. The hot spot will form.
b. The volcano island arc will form.
c. The volcanoes on the edge of a continent will form.
d. The volcano along the mid-oceanic ridge will form.

3. What is produced in the convergence of two continental plates?

a. folded mountains c. rift valleys
b. island arcs d. trenches

4. Which of the following is NOT a geologic process that occurs along convergent
boundaries?
a. earthquakes c. tornado
b. mountain-building d. volcanism

5. What topographic feature is formed in divergent boundary?

a. fault b. mountain c. rift valley d. volcano

6. Which plate boundary is formed between the Philippine plate and Eurasia plate?
a. convergent b. divergent c. reverse d. transform

7. What geologic feature produced in the convergence of two continental plates?

a. folded mountains c. Rift valleys
b. Island arcs d. Trenches

8. What does east coast of North America represents?

a. convergent plate boundary c. transform plate boundary
b. divergent plate boundary d. it is not a plate boundary

9. In which of the following plate boundary type does the San Andreas Fault belong?
a. convergent b. divergent c. transform d. seismic

18
 Science 10 – Course Guide

10. If you will visit a place in the Pacific known to be along converging plates, which of
these should you not expect to see?
a. active volcanoes c. rift valley
b. mountain ranges d. volcanic

11. What geologic feature will form will two continental plates move toward each other?
a. folded mountains b. trench c. hot spot d. rift valley

12. What type of plate boundary exists on a certain island if you can find mid ocean
ridge?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

13. What type of plate boundary formed if two plates moved in different directions
without grinding into each other?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. normal

14. If there are a series of mountain found in a certain island, what type of plate
boundary exists?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

15. What plate boundary exists between Pacific plate and Nazca plate?
a. convergent b. divergent c. tectonic d. transform

Great job! I’m sure that you fully understand the lesson about the types of plate boundaries.
Now this is the right time for you to explore and accept other challenges in the next lesson.
GOOD Luck!

REFERENCES

Printed Materials

❖ Acosta, Herma et al. (2015). Science Leaners Materials, Department of Education,

pages 14-32
❖ Valdoz, Meliza P. et al. (2015) Revised Edition. Science Links, Rex Bookstore, pages
25-30
❖ Evangelista, Eden V. et al. Science in Today’s World 2nd Edition (2019), Sibs
Publishing house, Inc. pages 26-28

Electronic Materials

❖ https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/plate-tectonics
❖ https://www.slideshare.net/kkaiser55/plate-boundaries-1965304
❖ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xzpk9110Lyw
❖ https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-boundary-oceanic-continental.gif
❖ https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml
❖ https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-boundary-oceanic-oceanic.gif

19
 Science 10 – Course Guide

❖ https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml
❖ https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-boundary.gif
❖ https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-boundaries.shtml
❖ https://vectr.com/tmp/hDFEvWZzr/a1mthaTPRk

Pictures

❖ https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=1f6tXLC8CcaHr7wPpOawyAs&q
=worl+map+with+arrow+of+plate+movements+pic&oq=worl+map+with+arrow+of
+plate+movements+pic&gs_l=img.3...288937.313903..314214...12.0..0.253.8361.
0j40j10......1....1..gws-wizimg.......0i67j0j0i7i30j0i8i10i30j0i10i24.S6UYWc 5h774#
imgrc=-yC_4d21DoqW_M:
❖ https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/498210777499066211/

20
 Science 10 – Course Guide

LESSON 3.

Processes Along Plate Boundaries

INTRODUCTION
In your previous lessons you have learned that the lithosphere is divided into several plates and
these plates are constantly and slowly moving relative to each other. Plates may be moving
towards each other (Convergent Plate Boundary), moving away from each other (Divergent Plate
Boundary), or sliding past one another (Transform Fault Boundary).

Different plate movements cause different processes to occur along plate boundaries.
Today you will learn the effects of these movements on the Earth’s surface.

At the end of this lesson you will be able to:

1. determine the different geologic features and events that occur on:
- oceanic-oceanic convergence of plates
- oceanic-continental convergence of plates
- continental-continental convergence of plates
- oceanic-oceanic divergence of plates
- continental-continental divergence of plates
- transform fault boundaries
- hotspot

2. explain different processes that occur along different types of plate boundaries.

3. illustrate the formation of some land forms in the Philippines.

4. demonstrate awareness of the precautionary measures and preparedness before,

during and after volcanic eruption.

Are you ready for today's lesson? Before proceeding, take the short Review Quiz below.

● Review Quiz

Before you proceed to our discussion, you have to get to know first the difference between
an oceanic crust and a continental crust. To do that, click the simulator PhET Colorado
Simulator on Plate Tectonics below and do the Learning Task 3.1. Oceanic Crust vs Continental
Crust (optional). Download and answer the questions in the activity.

After answering, upload your activity on Learning Task 3.1. Submission Bin below as PDF
format or Word format or even as an image, with the filename [YOUR SURNAME]_[YOUR
SECTION]_LearningTask3.1.

● PhET Colorado Plate Tectonics Simulator

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/plate-tectonics
● Learning Task 3.1. Oceanic Crust vs Continental Crust (optional)

21
 Science 10 – Course Guide

DEVELOPMENT
From the previous activity, you have learned that the Earth’s crust has two types— oceanic
crust and continental crust. Understanding the difference between these types of crust will
help you discover what happens to the lithosphere along plate boundaries as plates move
relative to one another.

Now you are ready to learn the different processes along the different types of plate boundaries.
Watch the video When Plates Collide and do Learning Task 3.2. Convergent Plate Boundary
(required). Download and answer this activity. After completing the activity, upload your work on
the Learning Task 3.2. Submission Bin below as PDF format or Word format or even as an image,
with the filename [YOUR SURNAME]_[YOUR SECTION]_LearningTask3.2. You are also encouraged
to participate in our Forum 3.1. Formation of Philippine Archipelago and share to our class what
you have learned about this topic.

● When Plates Collide

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=33&v=72P1I-LUlLU
● Learning Task 3.2. Convergent Plate Boundary
● Forum 3.1. Formation of Philippine Archipelago

Converging of plates made of different types of crust results to the formation of different geologic
features and events along their boundaries. Can you guess what happens along the boundary of
diverging plates? How about when these plates slide past one another?

Watch the video Spreading and Sliding and do Learning Task 3.3. Divergent Plate Boundary
and Transform Fault Boundary (required). Download and answer this activity. After
completing the activity, upload your work on the Learning Task 3.3. Submission Bin below as
PDF format or Word format or even as an image, with the filename [YOUR SURNAME]_[YOUR
SECTION]_LearningTask3.3. You are also encouraged to participate in our Forum 3.2.
Predicting the Future and share your insights on what how you foresee a particular place near
diverging plates will look like in the future.

● Spreading and Sliding

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=EuM77v_S_5U
● Learning Task 3.3. Divergent Plates Boundary and Transform Fault
Boundary
● Forum 3.2. Predicting the Future

Not all geologic processes happen along the plate boundaries. This was proven when
geologists discovered volcanic formations that are not lying along the boundaries of any
plates. These volcanic arcs are found in the middle of tectonic plates and they are said to be
formed by a hotspot. Our lesson for today will teach you how volcanoes are formed by the
hotspot and how these processes help us understand plate tectonics better. Watch the video
below and take the Short Quiz. Good luck!

● The Hotspot
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=h_crD3G5lcE

22
 Science 10 – Course Guide

ENGAGEMENT

Learning Task 3.3. Processes In Plate Movements

Study the pictures and group of words below. Use the words to explain the
processes that occur in each picture. Write your answer in your notebook.

ASSIMILATION
Summing up our lessons, you have learned that along the different types of plates
boundaries, many processes were involved for land forms to emerge and geologic events to
occur. However, these processes and features depend on what type of crustal plates are in
relative motion to each other.

For our final forum for this topic, Forum 3.3. Reflect and React (required), share your
insights on the following questions. Read other reflections from your classmates and politely
comment on their post.

● Forum 3.3. Reflect and React

1. Tell which among the types of plate boundaries are constructive, destructive
and conservative. Briefly explain each.
2. Considering the location of Philippines and the type of plate boundary to which
our country lies, will there be additional islands to emerge or be destroyed in the
future? Briefly elaborate your answer

23
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Learning Task 3.4. Quiz

Read the questions below. Pick the best letter for your answer in each item.
Write your answer in your notebook.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What geologic features resulted from the collision of the two continental
plates?
A. volcanic island arc C. mountain
B. fault D. earthquake epicenter

2. The following are the secondary effect of movement of the plates, EXCEPT
A. tsunami C. landslide
B. fire D. earthquake

3. Which of the following is the result of the collision of two oceanic plates?
A. trench C. rift valley
B. volcano D. fault line

4. What geologic feature produced in the convergence of two continental plates?

A. folded mountains C. Rift valleys
B. Island arcs D. Trenches

5. Which of the following can we expect to find at a mid-ocean ridge?

A. relatively young rocks C. very ancient rocks.
B. reverse fault D. thick accumulation of sediments

6. Why does the oceanic crust sink beneath the continental crust at
then subduction zone?
A. The oceanic crust has a greater density.
B. The oceanic crust is pulled downward by Earth’s magnetic field.
C. The oceanic crust is pushed from the ridge.
D. The continental crust has a denser composition.
7. What happens when two oceanic plates collide?
A. The hot spot will form.
B. The volcano island arc will form.
C. The volcanoes on the edge of a continent will form.
D. The volcano along the mid-oceanic ridge will form.
8. What is produced in the convergence of two continental plates?
A. folded mountains C. rift valleys
B. island arcs D. trenches

24
 Science 10 – Course Guide

9. Which of the following is NOT a geologic process that occurs along

convergent boundaries?
A. earthquakes C. tornado
B. mountain-building D. volcanism

10. What topographic feature is formed in divergent boundary?

A. fault C. rift valley
B. mountain D. volcano

11. If you will visit a place in the Pacific known to be along converging plates,
which of these should you not expect to see?
A. active volcanoes
B. mountain ranges
C. rift valley

D. volcanic

12. Which of the following geologic features formed in the divergent

plate boundary?
A. San Andreas fault C. Mt. Himalayas
B. Sierra Madre D. Great Rift Valley of East Africa

13. Which of the following is not a divergent plate boundary?

A. Mid-ocean ridge C. spreading of sea floor
B. Mt. Himalayas D. Rift Valley

14. What geologic feature forms when a divergent boundary occurs beneath the
oceanic lithosphere and there is rising convection current below lifts the
lithosphere?

25
 Science 10 – Course Guide

A. mountain belts
B. mid-ocean ridge
C. volcanic arcs
D. fault line

15. When a convergent boundary occurs between two oceanic plates, what will
happen to one of those plates?
A. The plate will subduct beneath to the other plate.
B. The plate will subduct toward to the other plate.
C. The plate will move away to the other plate.
D. The plate will move toward to the other plate.

REFERENCES
Hot Spots (n.d.). Retrieved June 9, 2020, from Oregon State University website:
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/hotspotparks

Hotspot (geology). (n.d.). In New World Encyclopedia. Retrieved from

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Hotspot_(geology)

King, Hobart M. (2020). Convergent Plate Boundaries. Retrieved from Geoscience News
and Information Geology.com website: https://geology.com/nsta/convergent-plate-
boundaries.shtm

King, Hobart M. (2020). Divergent Plate Boundaries. Retrieved from Geoscience News
and Information Geology.com website: https://geology.com/nsta/divergent-plate-
boundaries.shtm

King, Hobart M. (2020). Transform Plate Boundaries. Retrieved from Geoscience News and
Information Geology.com website: https://geology.com/nsta/transform-plate-
boundaries.shtm

Lillie, Robert J. (2020, February 11). Continental Hotspot. In National Park Service.
Retrieved from https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/plate-tectonics-continental-
hotspots.htm

Lotha, Gloria, et. al. (2018). Oceanic Ridge. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved
from https://www.Britannica.com/science/oceanic-ridge

Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Definition & Explanation. (2013, February 23). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/mid-atlantic-ridge-definition-lesson-quiz.html

Mount Pinatubo – the impacts of a volcanic eruption in an LECD. (n.d.). Retrieved May 15,

26
 Science 10 – Course Guide

202 from Coolgeography.co.uk website:

http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Restless%20Earth/Volcanoes/Mount%20Pinatu
bo.htm

Plate Boundaries. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.iris.edu/hq/files/programs/education_and_outreach/aotm/11/2a.PlateBoundari
es_Background.pdf

PICTURES

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/7036943145748938/ Japan

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/15692298677069199/ Mid-Atlantic ridge

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/129267451793311078/ Great Rift valley

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/389420699027491193/ Hawaii

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/187743878202872158/ San Andreas

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/241153755035107027/ Himalayas

27
 Science 10 – Course Guide

LESSON 4.

Causes of Plate Movements

INTRODUCTION
In this module, you will be able to identify and describe the causes of tectonic plate movement. In
module 1, you learned about the different types of plate boundaries (Divergent, Convergent, and
Transform fault boundary) which were differentiated according to the type of movement they
exhibit. You already had the idea about what plate tectonics is and how tectonic plates move. At
this point, you are expected to explore and find out the forces that have been proposed as the
main drivers or causes of plate movement. Are you ready? Let’s go!
Study the comic strip below. What did you notice? What are they telling about each other?

28
 Science 10 – Course Guide

DEVELOPMENT
Before proceeding with the new lesson, click the play button found in the top left corner of
the YouTube thumbnail and watch the video on Convection Current but if you failed to open
and watch the video, I have included a summary of what’s the video about.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mUU69ParFM

Learning Task 4.1. Picture Analysis

Learning Task 4.1: Study the two pictures. Answer the questions below each picture.

1. Based from the picture, what do you think are the causes of plate movement?
Describe movement of plates.

29
 Science 10 – Course Guide

2. Explain why plates are moving?

1. In the cycle shown, is mantle made of silicate rocks? Why?

2. Why do mantle rock rises?

30
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Summary:

You have probably heard that heat rises. This simple phenomenon creates never ending
movements in our atmosphere, ocean and in the molten rock of the earth's mantle. In this
video, you will watch hot water RISES and it draws more water in behind it. Once it gets to
the surface, it moves to the sides and begins to cool. Cool water SINKS and this sets up
circular movements of water that you will see here in real time. This process is what known
as convection current. According to Helmenstine (2019), convection currents are flowing fluid
that is moving because there is a temperature or density difference within the material. This
is exactly what happens in Earth’s mantle.

Forum 4.0. Possible Causes of Plate Movement

To better understand the possible causes of plate movement, open the links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYt4Muz6hSQ and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xWo1VsgRW8 then click the play button found in the
top left corner of YouTube thumbnails and watch the following videos below. It is
recommended to take note of important ideas for you to be able to answer the guide questions
below.

After watching the videos, answer the following questions in the forum. Post a comment on 1
or 2 of your classmates’ output. You only have one attempt in submitting your answer and
your work will be checked after the deadline.

1.Based on the video, what are the three possible causes of plate movement?

For question number 2, your answer must be factual rather than opinion-based and
substantiated by reference/s.

2.Which among the major driving force accounts for most plate movement?

31
 Science 10 – Course Guide

ENGAGEMENT

Learning Task 4.2. Article Review.

Learning Task 4.2: Study the articles below. Answer the question that follows.

Article 1

As a substance like water is heated, the less dense particles rise while denser particles
sink. Once the hot less dense particles cool down, they sink, and the other less dense particles
rise. This continuous process is called convection current. This is exactly what happens in the
Earth’s mantle. The hot, less dense rising material spreads out as it reaches the upper mantle
causing upward and sideward forces. These forces lift and split the lithosphere at divergent plate
boundaries. The hot magma flows out of the mantle and cools down to form the new ocean crust.
The downward movement of the convection current occurs along a convergent boundary where
the sinking force pulls the tectonic plate downward. The convection currents rotate very slowly,
as they move and drag the plates along. Because of convection current, the tectonic plates are
able to move slowly along the tectonic boundaries, pushing each other, sliding past each other
and drifting away from each other.

As an oceanic crust moves away from a divergent boundary, it becomes denser than the
newer oceanic crust. As the older seafloor sinks, the weight of the uplifted ridge pushes the
oceanic crust toward the trench at the subduction zone. This process is called ridge push.

Slab pull is the other possible process involved in the tectonic plate movement. The weight of the
subducting plate pulls the trailing slab into the subduction zone just like a tablecloth slipping off
the table and pulling items with it. Now that you understand what happens inside the Earth and
its effects on the Earth’s surface, you should be able to realize that the tectonic activities at the
surface just like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are inevitable. You should view the Earth as
a dynamic planet and still the most fascinating planet for it offers you a home that no other planet
can. Since you can’t prevent these tectonic activities from happening, the following performance
task will enable you to contribute meaningfully in minimizing the damage that these phenomena
can bring.

Question:

If you are a geologist, what theory will you present to describe the movements of plates?

32
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Learning Task 4.3. Article Review.

Learning Task 4.3: Study the articles below. Answer the question that follows.

Article 2

In 1912, Alfred Wegener (pronounced as vey-guh-nuhr), a German

meteorologist, proposed a theory that about 200 million years ago, the
continents were once one large landmass. He called this landmass Pangaea, a
Greek word which means “All Earth.” This Pangaea started to break into two
smaller supercontinent called Laurasia and Gondwanaland during the Jurassic
Period. These smaller supercontinents broke into the continents and these
continents separated and drifted apart since then. Wegener searched for
evidences to support his claim. He noticed the fit of the edges of the continents
on the opposite sides of the South Atlantic. His evidence to the Continental Drift
Theory includes the distribution of fossils in different continents, rock features,
and ancient climates.

Technology (192-1950)- the SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) system is a

device that bounces sound waves off underwater objects and then records the
echoes of these sound waves. It allowed scientist to map the mid-ocean ridges.
In the 1950s scientists used magnetometers to detect magnetic variations on
the ocean floor. Age acting rocks helped prove that mid-ocean ridges create new
sea floor.

Arthur Holmes (1929) was a British geologist. He suggested that thermal

convection currents in the mantle were the force moving the continents.
Ship Atlantis (1931-1966)- Atlantis was the first ship built specifically for
marine biology, geology, and oceanographic. The first Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) research ship. The ship began working in
1931 and retired in 1966.

Hugo Benioff (1935) is an American seismologist. He is famous for his work on

deep focus earthquakes and how they are associated with subduction zones. He
was the first to propose that subduction zones cause deep focus earthquakes.

React on each paragraph.

What ideas or principles can you add to these?

33
 Science 10 – Course Guide

ASSIMILATION
Learning Task: Study the articles below. Answer the questions below.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Where does seafloor spreading occur?

A. Mid- Ocean ridges B. Oceanic rift zones

C. divergent boundaries between two oceanic D. convergent boundaries

2. The heat process caused by the uneven distribution of thermal energy in Earth’s interior is
called

A. Ridge push B. Seafloor spreading C. slab pull D. mantle convection

3. What was the name of the super continent that existed 250 million years?

A. Eurasia B. Disneyland C. Pangea D. Wegener land

4. Earth’s crust is being actively recycled. Where is new oceanic crust created?

A. At convergent boundaries B. At mid-ocean ridges

C. At subduction zones D. At transform boundaries

5. Which of following observations about landforms best supports the theory of plate tectonics?

A. Volcanoes are distributed randomly on every continent.

B. As lava cools on Earth’s surface, it forms a variety of igneous rocks

C. Impact craters have been found both on dry land and on the ocean floor

D. Mountain ranges sometimes appear to be continuous on opposite sides of an ocean.

34
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Additional Resource

Please click the link below for additional reading on the causes of Plate Tectonic Movement.

https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/hazards/earthquakes/whatDrivesTectonicPlates.
html

REFERENCES

British Geological Survey. Retrived from

https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/hazards/earthquakes/whatDrivesTectonicPlates.
html

Causes of Tectonic Movement. Retrived from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYt4Muz6hSQ

DIY Lava lamp. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9QdMaOlVrM

Helmenstine, Anne Marie. (2019, September 13). Convection currents in Science, what they
are and how they work. ThoughtCo. Retrived from https://www.thoughtco.com/convection-
currents-definition-and-examples-4107540

How to make a lava lamp. Retrived from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxAvnKutz2Y

Plate tectonic movement mechanisms. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

xWo1VsgRW8

35
 Science 10 – Course Guide

LESSON 5.

Evidences of Plate Movement

INTRODUCTION

In 1912, Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist proposed a theory about 200 million years
ago; the continents were once large landmass which he called as Pangaea. This Pangaea
started to break into two supercontinents called Laurasia and Gondwanaland during the
Jurassic period and continued to break into continents and these continents separated and
drifted apart since then. In your previous lessons, you were able to explore the different
processes that occur along the plate boundaries. At this point, you will further explore the
variety of evidence that supports the claims that plate tectonics accounts for the distribution
of fossils on different continents, the occurrence of earthquakes, and continental and ocean
floor features including mountains, volcanoes, faults, and trenches. At the end of the lesson,
you are expected to enumerate the lines of evidences that support plate movement.

DEVELOPMENT

Forum 5.0. Continental Drift Theory

Have you heard of Continental Drift Theory proposed by Wegener? If you haven't, carefully
study the two pictures below and answer the guide questions found in the forum. Post a
comment on 1 or 2 of your classmates’ output. You only have one attempt in submitting your
answer.

PICTURE A

36
 Science 10 – Course Guide

PICTURE B

https://s.pubs.usggov/gip/dynamic/continents.html

Guide questions:

1. In picture 1, how has the Earth’s continents changed over time?

2. In picture 2, what do you observe with the distribution of fossils across different continents?

Forum 5.1. Evidences of Plate Movement

Watch the video below to clearly understand the evidence that supports plate movement. The
YouTube thumbnail is indicated for your reference. It is recommended to take note of
important ideas for you to be able to answer the guide questions.

37
 Science 10 – Course Guide

After watching the videos, answer the following questions in the forum. Post a comment on 1
or 2 of your classmates’ output. You only have one attempt in submitting your answer and
your work will be checked after the deadline.

Guide questions:

1. What are some of the evidences of Continental Drift Theory? Provide examples
for each.

2. What was the weakness in Wegener’s Theory? And how does the Theory of Plate
tectonics support Wegener’s Theory?

After completing the forum, kindly perform Learning Task 5.1 and 5.2 to further enhance your
understanding on the evidence that supports plate movements. Submit your activity in the
Submission Bin with the format SURNAME_SECTION_LearningTask5.1.

38
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Learning Task 5.1. Drifted Supercontinent (required)

Objectives:

● Tell the possible direction of motion of the continents as they directed as they
drifted away
● Draw fossils of plants and animals as evidences found in the present continents
that will help solve the puzzle in the fitting of the drifted continents
● Reconstruct and describe Pangaea
● Predict what will happen to the world as the continents continuously move

Materials:

● Photocopy of the seven continents

● World map
● Pair of scissors

Procedures:

1. Cut carefully the traces of the seven continents. Warning: Be careful in using
scissors.

2. Sketch the dominant species of plants and animals found in the continents
before and after drifting away from each other.

3. Put the cut-outs together.

Q1. What do the Glossopteris fossils tell us about the early positions of the continents?

Q2. If Glossopteris fossils were found in Antarctica, what was the climate in this continent
before?

Q3. If the climate and the position of a place are relative to each other, where then was
the initial location of Antarctica 250 million years ago?

Q4. What does the presence of Mesosaurus fossils tell us about the initial location and
positioning of South America, Africa, and Antarctica?

4.Make sure that you put fitting edges of the continents side by side to form the
supercontinent Pangaea.

Q5. What clues are useful in reconstructing Pangaea?

Q6. Which continents do you think were neighbours before?

Q7. Is there a possibility that the current location of the continent would be different 100
years from now?

Q8. Where do you think the Philippines located during the time that the Pangaea existed?
Research on how the Philippine islands emerged.

5. Compare Pangaea with the world map.

6. Now move one continent relative to its current location. Observe carefully the
direction of its motion as it assumes its current location and position. Record your
observation.

39
 Science 10 – Course Guide

7. Do the same procedure to other continents. Record your observations.

Q9. If the continents continue to move, try to predict the Philippines’ location 100 million
years from now.

Learning Task 5.2. Split and Separate (required)

Objectives:

● Simulate and describe the seafloor spreading process.

● Realize the importance of the seafloor spreading process relative to the
Continental drift theory.

Materials:

● Board paper, bond paper, colored pencil, pair of scissors, ruler

Procedure:

1. Using colored paper, draw stripes across one sheet of bond paper parallel to the
short sides of the paper. The stripes vary in spacing and thickness.

2. Fold the bond paper in half lengthwise.

3. Write the word “Start” at the top of both halves of the paper. It should look like
the figure on the right.

4. Cut the bond paper in half along the dashed line to form strips.

5. Take the board paper and make three 11-cm long slits as indicated in the illustration.

6.The two slits near the edges of the bond paper should be both 11-cm from the center slit.

40
 Science 10 – Course Guide

7. Put the two striped strips of paper together so that the “Start” labels touch one
another.

8. Insert the strips up through the center slit, then pull them toward the side slits.

9. Insert the ends of the strips into the side slits. Pull the ends of the strips as shown
in the figure below and watch what happens at the center slit.

10. Practice pulling the strips through the slits until you can make the stripes come up
and go down at the same time.

Q1. What do the stripes in the paper represent?

Q2. What does the middle slit represent? What occurs in this region?

Q3. What is the role of the mid-ocean ridge in the movement of lithospheric plates?

Q4. How does the new seafloor form at the mid-ocean ridge?

Q5. What process/es happen at the side slits?

Q6. Is the Earth getting larger and wider when plates drift away from each other? Explain
briefly.

For activity number 2 Drifted Supercontinent, please click and download the links below for
the 7 Continents of the world and World Map.

https://www.countries-ofthe-world.com/continents-of-the-world.html

https://geology.com/world/world-map.shtml

41
 Science 10 – Course Guide

ENGAGEMENT

Learning Task 5.2. Justify your answer.

Learning Task 5.2: Read the following paragraph. Determine whether these statements are
correct. Justify your answer if it is correct. If it is false, try to explain what makes the statements
wrong.

1. One of the first lines of evidence suggesting the existence of plate tectonics was the
discovery of very similar fossils in rock masses separated by vast distances and by ocean
expanses. It suggested that those land areas had in the past been connected.

2. The similarity of coastlines for different continents suggests that they may once have been
connected. But the fact that they were separated by sometimes thousands of miles suggested
continental drift or plate tectonics.

3. The magnetic North and South poles of the Earth correspond closely, although not exactly,
with the spin axis of the Earth. Although the mechanism of generation of the magnetic field,
called the geodynamo, is not fully understood, it is clear that it has something to do with the
rotation of the Earth and the presence of mobile materials with significant electrical conductivity
which can circulate.

4. Earthquakes don’t occur randomly across the world, but happen across limited belts which
also contain most of the world’s volcanoes. These belts mark the location of plate boundaries.
These areas are so active because the stress of 2 plates against each other and eventually
gives in the form of a volcano or earthquake. The largest belt of activity is the “Ring of Fire”
surrounding the Pacific Ocean which is home to 90% of all quakes.

5. As we travel farther and farther out from the spreading center the rocks get older and older,
and the magnetic orientation of the rock changes with the magnetic pole reversals.

ASSIMILATION

Forum 5.2. Reflect and Share

Assess your level of understanding on Continental Drift Theory by answering the questions
below. Reflect and share your answers in the forum. Comment and give feedback to at least
one other submission.

● Why was Wegener's Theory of Continental Drift not accepted when he first
proposed it? What evidence revealed to scientists that continents could be
moving apart from each other?

42
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Additional Resources

Please click the link below for additional reading on evidences of Plate Tectonics

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.wegener2/plate-
tectonics-further-
evidence/?fbclid=IwAR3f2GF4o_NYnn90IWA9gkDm0P1wX4JBs1dCrpXKsIStAT0Vgp5VJEjYGv

Please watch the link below for additional information on evidences of Plate Tectonics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB7HzF2O3Kg&fbclid=IwAR1CXB-3TWs5UZpv-GWyXe-
91-QEKPtSNWW5qauC9PUfuApOsh5DcRsS1bo

REFERENCES

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOi542f5p0Y

How Do We Know Plate Tectonics Is Real?. Retrived from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB7HzF2O3Kg&fbclid=IwAR0sYQAQhAe03l-
NhcWz4veMdfPlL5y240OEq6jl81oPA_TfVZZQkcPir8M

Science Learner’s Material. DepEd. Grade 10 First Edition 2015.pp 59-60,pp 66-67.

https://www.countries-ofthe-world.com/continents-of-the-world.html

USGS. Retrieved from https://s.pubs.usggov/gip/dynamic/continents.html

https://clarkscience8.weebly.com/evidence-for-plate-
tectonics.html?fbclid=IwAR1gZGdlfiWsEXAwqGh4FjjdYKaXMwmLHJAfHgiYn5OHi0aK4aLT

https://www.countries-ofthe-world.com/continents-of-the-world.html

43
 Science 10 – Course Guide

APPENDICES
Work Sheets

44
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Learning Task 1.1: Find the Center

Objective
Locate the epicenter of an earthquake using the triangulation method.
Materials
· Hypothetical records of earthquake waves
· Philippine map
· Drawing compass and ruler

Procedure:
1. Study the data showing the difference in the arrival of P-waves and
S-waves on three seismic recording stations.

Recording Time Distance of Scaling

Station difference in epicenter (2cm:
the arrival from the 200km)
time of P-wave station
and S-wave (km)
(seconds)

Batangas 40

Puerto Princesa 48

Davao 32

2. Compute the distance of the epicenter from each of the stations

using the formula.

Where:
d = distance (km)
Td = time difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave (in seconds)

45
 Science 10 – Course Guide

3. Choose one of the recording stations and measure the computed

distance on the map scale (the scale of the map is 2 cm: 200 km).
Set your compass for that computed distance.

4. Center your compass on the station you have chosen. Draw a circle.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the rest of the stations. You should get three
circles that intersect or nearly intersect at a point. This intersection
is the epicenter.

46
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Learning Task 1.2: Mark the Plate

Objectives:

· Enumerate the different major plates in the earth’s lithosphere.

·Determine the major tectonic plates found around the Philippines.

Source: https://geology.com/plate-tectonics.shtml
Map of Plate Boundaries

This is a list of the 15 major tectonic plates shown on the map. Identify the location of
each plate by putting a number beside the name of the plate on the map. African plate
which is number 1 in the list is done for you as an example.

47
 Science 10 – Course Guide

1. African Plate
2. Antarctic Plate
3. Arabian Plate
4. Australian Plate
5. Caribbean Plate
6. Cocos Plate
7. Eurasian Plate
8. Indian Plate
9. Juan de Fuca Plate
10. Nazca Plate
11. North American Plate
12. Pacific Plate
13. Philippine Plate
14. Scotia Plate
15. South American Plate

48
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Learning Task 1.3: Let’s Mark the Boundaries

Objectives:
● Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters,
and major mountain belts.
● Determine the scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric plates. 


Study the three figures and answer the questions below each figure.

Source: http://marc.fournier.free.free.fr

Figure 1. Map of earthquake distribution (Red, green, and blue dots represent earthquake
epicenters) 


49
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/ g34.html

Figure 2. Map of active volcanoes (Red areas represent presence of volcanoes)

50
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Source: http://www.clipart.dk.co.uk/1068/az/Earth/Mountain_ranges
Figure 3. Mountain ranges of the world


51
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Type of Plate Boundaries

Name: ________________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________

I. Answer the following;

1. What are the three types of plate boundaries?

2. Explain the different types of plate boundaries using a comprehensive

concept map or SmartArt.

52
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Type of plate boundaries How does it look like? Describe each type of
(Paste the picture) plate boundaries in 3

words

Convergent

a. continental-
continental

b. oceanic-oceanic

c. oceanic-continental

Divergent

Transform

53
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Location of Plate Boundaries

Name: __________________________________________Grade& Section: _____________

Study the world map below and answer the questions;

https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=1f6tXLC8CcaHr7wPpOawyAs&q=worl+map+with+arrow+of+
plate+movements+pic&oq=worl+map+with+arrow+of+plate+movements+pic&gs_l=img.3...288937.313903..314214
...12.0..0.253.8361.0j40j10......1....1..gws-wizimg.......0i67j0j0i7i30j0i8i10i30j0i10i24.S6UYWc 5h774# imgrc=-
yC_4d21DoqW_M:

Questions:

1. What type of plate boundaries are existing in the following plates;

a. Eurasian and Philippine plates

b. Antarctic and South American plates
c. Pacific and Australian Plates
d. South American and African plates
e. North American and South American plates
f. Pacific and Antarctic plates

54
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Name: ______________________________________
Section: _____________________________________

Learning Task 3.1. Oceanic Crust vs. Continental Crust

This interactive simulator shows the two types of crust—oceanic and continental crust. On the
Crust tab, you will see three slabs of crust. The slab of crust in the left is an oceanic crust while the
slab of crust in the right is a continental crust. The slab of crust in the center is called My Crust.
Decide on what type of crust you want your crust to become by navigating the tools in app. If
your crust looked like the slab on the left then it is an oceanic crust and if it looked like the slab on
the right, then your crust is a continental crust.

Objectives:

Distinguish between oceanic crust and continental crust.

Materials:

Interactive simulator https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/plate-tectonics

Procedure:

1. Navigate around the simulation using your mouse.

2. Click “Show Labels”.
3. Study the legends for “Density” and “Temperature”. Then click “Both”.
4. Drag the arrow “Zoom” down and up to show layers of the Earth.
5. Drag the arrow for “Temperature” to the right for “warm” and to the left for “cool”.
Observe what happens to your crust (middle slab).
6. Drag the arrow for “Composition” to the right for “more silica” and to the left for
“more iron”. Observe what happens to your crust (middle slab).
7. Drag the arrow for “Thickness” to the right for “thick” and to the left for “thin”.
Observe what happens to your crust (middle slab).
8. Compare the thickness and densities of the different trials using the ruler and “Density”
meter found in the toolbox by simply dragging these tools towards your crust.
9. Design your crust by setting your desired temperature, composition and thickness.

55
 Science 10 – Course Guide

Observations:

Put a check “√” mark under the type of crust that corresponds to your observation.

Observations Oceanic Continental

Crust Crust
cool
Temperature
warm
more iron
Composition
more silica
thin
Thickness
thick
less dense
Density
denser

Guide Questions:

1. What do you call the uppermost layer of the Earth? _______________________________

2. What are the two types of crust? _________________________________________________
3. What have you observe on the thickness of the two types of crust?
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which type of crust is denser? Why do you say so?
_________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion:

______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

56
 Science 10 – Course Guide

57
 Science 10 – Course Guide

58
 Science 10 – Course Guide

59
 Science 10 – Course Guide

60
 Science 10 – Course Guide

61