MAGURA Company Standard MWNe1033

Quality Requirements for Cleanliness Testing on

Page 1 of 12
Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

Table of Content: page

1 Introduction 3

2 Purpose and Scope of Application 3

3 Normative References 3

4 Terms 3

5 Test Process 3

5.1 Extraction Process 4

5.1.1 Spraying Process 4
5.1.2 Extraction Process in an Ultrasonic Bath 5

5.2 Identifying the Decay Curve 5

5.3 Blank Value 6

5.4 Analysis Methods 6

5.4.1 Gravimetry 6
5.4.2 Light Microscopy 6

6 Documentation 7

6.1 Presentation of Gravimetric Values 7

6.1.1 Mass per Component 7
6.1.2 Mass per Surface 8
6.1.3 Mass per Volume 8

6.2 Presentation of the Particle Size Distribution (Coding) 8

7 Limit Values 9

7.1 Components 10

7.2 Systems 10

8 Test Frequency 10

9 Drawing entry (examples) 10

10 Other Applicable Documents 11

11 Appendix 11

Issue Created/changed Tested Approval

Change st. Dept./name: QM-S/bs QM-S/as T/ck
1.1 Date: 02.08.2017 03.08.2017 03.08.2017

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Quality Requirements for Cleanliness Testing on
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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

Change documentation:

date
Index modification
name
11.05.2017 adjustment to the reissues of VDA volumes 19 (see introduction),
1.1
QM-S/Nölke modification of chapter 5.4.2

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

1 Introduction
This MAGURA Work Standard (MWN) describes the conditions and regulates the process in determining the
particle contamination on components and systems.
Cleanliness testing serves as a basis for evaluating technical cleanliness during the
 incoming and outgoing goods inspection
 quality check of manufacturing processes relevant to cleanliness, monitoring of process steps
The new version of the MWN 1033 replaces all previous versions of this MWN. VDA Volumes 19 "Technical
Cleanliness Testing" and 19.2 "Technical Cleanliness in Assembly" are taken into consideration in this MWN.
The norm has been revised at 9 November 2016 and adjusted to the reissues of VDA volumes 19.

2 Purpose and Scope of Application

This MWN describes the determination of residual dirt particles on individual parts and in components. In doing
so, the existing contamination on the surface and interior of the systems that may result from the
manufacturing process and/or the environment should be recorded quantitatively during the cleanliness
testing.
It may be that there is increased friction, wear and tear and functional restrictions due to contamination of the
components with residual dirt particles from the manufacturing process and/or the environment. The
cleanliness of the component used has great significance.
Cleanliness testing takes place by determining residual dirt on the component and in the system according to
the process described below.

3 Normative References
The following normative documents contain definitions that are part of the MWN 1033 as a result of being
mentioned in this text. The last version of the normative document referred to applies with undated references.
 ISO 16232 Road vehicles - Cleanliness of Components for Fluid Systems - Part 10
Presentation of the Results
 VDA Volume 19 Technical Cleanliness Testing - Particle Contamination of Functionally
Relevant Automotive Parts
 VDA Volume 19.2 Technical Cleanliness in Assembly - Environment, Logistics, Personnel and
Assembly Equipment

4 Terms
Component describes all individual parts
System describes components and assemblies

5 Test Process
Cleanliness testing is carried out in two substeps.
1. In the first step the particles adhering to the component are detached using an extraction process.
2. In the second step the number of detached particles is determined gravimetrically and the detached
particles are characterised by means of light microscopy.
The cleanliness of the manufactured component can be impaired by:
 Material removal, e.g. particles from the base material, particles from the tool, separation equipment,
processing, etc.
 Captured particles, e.g. improper handling of the component and environmental influences, such as
personnel, work clothing, storage surface, ambient air, tools, packaging and testing of the component

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

The definition of the test procedure is an essential part of the test process in order to avoid the environment
influencing the test result.
Sampling must take place in the condition that the product is delivered and supplied.
Efforts must be made to ensure that the sampling and transportation of the samples to the test location are in
accordance with cleanliness standards.
The test area must be separated from areas where contamination occurs. The use of compressed air to
clean/dry objects should be avoided in the test environment as contamination can be dispersed in the process.
The test object must be tested as a whole. (Special cases must be jointly agreed between the supplier and
customer).
Conditioning of the test object is not required for the tests listed below.
A check of the test environment is conducted by means of a blind sample as required.

5.1 Extraction Process

An aqueous solution with the addition of a neutral surfactant-based cleaning agent is a suitable medium for
cleaning components.
Note: Thinning agent, benzine, etc. can also be used as cleaning additives (depending on the component).
The following extraction processes are preferred by MAGURA (deviations must be agreed):
 For components  the ultrasonic bath
 For systems  the spraying process
The use of an ultrasonic bath can be provided as an alternative process.
Note: Extraction in an ultrasonic bath is not a suitable process for certain moulded parts (e.g. leaching may occur
from the raw material with die-cast components).

5.1.1 Spraying Process

The conditions are described below that must be observed when using the extraction process in combination
with the spraying process. Test liquid is applied to the component through an open jet in the spraying process.
The cleaning effect is mainly based on the pulse transmission when the jet comes into contact with the
component as well as, to a lesser extent, on a part that is being rinsed by the cleaning agent solution.
The spraying process allows different nozzles and operating pressures to be used depending on the geometry
of the component in order to achieve an effective detachment of dirt particles.
The areas of the components to be sprayed should be defined by the customer and supplier depending on the
end application.
A double determination is carried out.
 So many components are subjected to the extraction process that preferably an area of (100 to 200)
cm2 should be available.
 With systems, only the functionally relevant interior in its assembled state should be rinsed (wetted
volume 100 cm3). The result can be distorted by dismantling the system and subsequently rinsing it.
 The spraying is done in a collecting tray that can fully accommodate the part to be tested and the
amount of test liquid used.
 The amount of test liquid required is established from a decay measurement (see Identifying the Decay
Curve 5.2). Repeat sampling identifies whether the chosen extraction conditions are suitable. A defined
decrease of the cleanliness values must be obtained.

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

 The test liquid, a solution of neutral surfactant-based cleaning agent in demineralised water, is pre-
filtered using a filter with a mesh size of 5 µm. A filter with a mesh size of 8 µm should be used for
parts contaminated with mineral oil.
 The analysis filter used (mesh size 5 µm) is preconditioned with test liquid. To this end, 100 ml of pre-
filtered test liquid is drawn over the analysis filter. The analysis filter is dried in a drying cabinet for a
period of 60 minutes (constant weight must be given) at a temperature of 80 + 5 °C. The analysis filter
is cooled to room temperature in a desiccator for a period of 15 minutes (constant weight must be
given).
Note: The preconditioning of the analysis filter to a constant weight is optional.
 The extraction process is carried out at room temperature.
 The extraction container is rinsed once with an adequate amount of test liquid.
 The following pressure conditions are possible:
Undefined low pressure laboratory spray bottles
Low pressure up to 1 bar
Medium pressure from 1 to 10 bar

5.1.2 Extraction Process in an Ultrasonic Bath

The conditions are described below that must be observed when using the extraction in combination with the
alternative ultrasonic bath.
Note: The ultrasonic bath is not suitable with systems, as dirt particles from the surface are also released.
A double determination is carried out.
 So many components are subjected to the extraction that preferably an area of (100 to 200) cm
2

should be available.
 The extraction process takes place in a suitable container in which the parts must be completely
covered with the test liquid. .
 The test liquid, a solution of neutral surfactant-based cleaning agent in demineralised water, is pre-
filtered using a filter with a mesh size of 5 µm.
 The analysis filter used (mesh size 5 µm) is preconditioned with test liquid. To this end, 100 ml of pre-
filtered test liquid is drawn over the analysis filter. The analysis filter is dried in a drying cabinet for a
period of 60 minutes (constant weight must be given) at a temperature of 80 + 5 °C. The analysis filter
is cooled to room temperature in a desiccator for a period of 15 minutes (constant weight must be
given). .
Note: The preconditioning of the analysis filter to a constant weight is optional.
 The extraction process is carried out at room temperature.
 The duration of the extraction process is max. 5 minutes at 30-40 kHz.
 The extraction container and the test pieces contained therein are rinsed once with an adequate
amount of test liquid.

5.2 Identifying the Decay Curve

The effect of the extraction process determines whether the cleanliness of a component/system can be
correctly evaluated.
As there is no absolute method to determine the particle load that actually exists, decay measurements are
carried out in accordance with VDA Volume 19.

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

Repeat testing of a component/system identifies whether the chosen extraction conditions are suitable for
evaluating the cleanliness of the component. A defined decrease of the cleanliness values must be set.
Repeat testing of the component/system checks whether the detached particle load decreases in each case.
A deterioration of the component surface by the extraction process must be prevented to avoid the removal of
mixture components that will distort the result of the cleanliness test. As soon as there has been a
deterioration of the component surface, the reduction of the cleanliness values can no longer be identified:
The test conditions in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 are defined with the identification of the decay curve in accordance with
VDA Volume 19.

5.3 Blank Value

The blank value represents the additional contamination when testing that can appear from unpacking the
component up to and including the analysis of the particle load. The blank value must be identified under the
conditions that are also used in the routine testing of the component. Here, the cleanliness testing is carried
out without the component.
The blank value should not exceed 10% of the required / anticipated cleanliness value of the component.

5.4 Analysis Methods

This section describes the analysis methods applied to the components/systems in order to examine the
cleanliness of the components.
The particles adhering to the component/system are detached from the component surface using the
extraction process. The test liquid is filtered through a preconditioned analysis filter with a mesh size of 5 µm
under a water jet pump vacuum. It is then rinsed with the test liquid.
The analysis filter, including the residue, is dried in a drying cabinet for a period of 60 minutes (constant weight
must be given) at a temperature of (80 + 5 °C). The filter is cooled to room temperature in a desiccator for a
period of 15 minutes (constant weight must be given).
The filter residue is analysed.
Two analysis methods that consist of two parts (gravimetric and light microscopy) are used here when
evaluating the component/system.
It should be noted that the time and effort incurred for the dirt particle extraction and analysis can lead to
considerable investment of time and cost depending on the method used.

5.4.1 Gravimetry
Gravimetry is a quantitative analysis method whereby the measurement of the quantity of matter is based on
the determination of the masses. The particle load of the component/system is determined by the increase in
mass of an analysis filter. The corresponding analysis filter already addressed in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 is weighed
before and after the filtration of the washing liquid by means of an analytical balance. To this end, an analytical
scales with a reading accuracy of 0.1 mg must be employed.

5.4.2 Light Microscopy

Light microscopy is suitable for evaluating filter residues quantitatively and qualitatively according to 5.3.1. The
result of this analysis delivers the number and size of the detected particles on the analysis filter as well as the
particle size distribution and the number of residue particles.
Note: If the filter is too heavily charged, an analysis can be inaccurate or even impossible (strong grey colouring
of the filter, overlapping of particles, etc.).
The analyses can be carried out manually or fully automatically. The size of a particle is identified by its longest
dimension.

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

Picture 1: Definition of the particle length as Feretmax diameter.

Picture 2: Particle width, example of fibre size determination.

6 Documentation
The cleanliness value of a component can be expressed by the residue weight of the particle (gravimetry) and
by the size of the largest particle found or, if required, by the particle size distribution (number of particles per
size class).
The relevant test parameters and analytical conditions should be documented in a test protocol.

6.1 Presentation of Gravimetric Values

The following information is required when specifying the results of the gravimetric analysis:
 Number (n) of components sampled
 Wetted surface (A, in cm²) or
 Wetted volume (V, in cm³)
 Total mass of the extracted particles (M in mg).

6.1.1 Mass per Component

The particle mass per component is calculated as follows:

M
GC  mg / component 
n

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

The abbreviations have the following meaning:

n The number of components
M The total mass of the extracted particles in mg

6.1.2 Mass per Surface

The particle mass in relation to the surface is calculated as follows:

M  1,000
GA 
AC

mg / 1,000cm 2 

The abbreviations have the following meaning:

AC The wetted surface of the component in cm²
M The total mass of the extracted particles in mg

6.1.3 Mass per Volume

The particle mass in relation to the volume is calculated as follows:

M  1,000
GV 
VC

mg / 100cm 3 

The abbreviations have the following meaning:

VC The wetted volume of the system in cm³
M The total mass of the extracted particles in mg

6.2 Presentation of the Particle Size Distribution (Coding)

The particle size distribution CCC (Component Cleanliness Code) is carried out in accordance with ISO 16232-
10.
The following presentation thus means:
CCC = A (H2 / I1 / JO)
A component/system with the CCC as described in (2), should include a test area of 1,000 cm2, 2 - 4 class H
particles (200  X< 400 µm), 1 - 2 class I particles I (400  X < 600 µm) and 0 - 1 class J particles (600  X <
1,000 µm).

The abbreviations have the following meaning:

CCC Component Cleanliness Code
A Area (to 1,000 cm2)
V Volume (100 cm³)
N Component/system (1 – n)
B-K Particle classes in µm
00 - 20 Number of particles per area A and volume V
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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

For "A" and "V" the exact assignment of the particle classes B - K should be taken from table 1 and the exact
assignment of the particle numbers 00 - 20 from table 2. For N the exact assignment of the particle classes B -
K should be taken from table 1 and the corresponding number of particles is shown uncoded.

Table 1: Definition of the Particle Classes Table 2: Definition of the Particle Count
Particle Class Code Particle Class in µm Particle Count Code Particle Count
B 5  X < 15 00 0
C 15  X < 25 0 1
D 25  X < 50 1 2
E 50  X < 100 2 4
F 100  X < 150 3 8
G 150  X < 200 4 16
H 5 32
200  X < 400
6 64
I 400  X < 600
7 130
J 600  X < 1000
8 250
K 1000  X < 1500
9 500
L 1500  X < 2000
10 1000
M 2000  X <3000
11 2000
N 3000  X
12 4000
13 8000
14 16000
15 32000
16 64000
17 130000
18 250000
19 500000
20 1000000

7 Limit Values
A distinction must be made in two areas when describing limit values. The distinction is made by dividing them
into components and systems.
The following strictly applies for the limit values that are described in tables 3 and 4:
 Fibres are not generally considered as particles. Fibres that are smaller than 3,000 x 80 µm are not
evaluated. If the fibres are larger then they are counted as particles. This definition should be put into
effect using the appropriate software design criteria when the evaluation is fully automatic (see pict.2).
 Hard particles (such as metals, hard plastics, other inorganic materials)
 The limit value is defined by component or system for class 1.

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

 For classes 2 and 3, the definition of the limit value for hard particles is carried out in direct
agreement with the customer and supplier.
 In a manual evaluation the limit value of the largest permissible particle is taken from the CCC
specification.

7.1 Components
Components are all individual parts that are used in the manufacture/installation of assemblies and systems.
Limit value for hard particles CCC = (I-K00). i.e. no particle should be larger than 400 µm.

Table A: Classification for Components

Class Residual dirt in mg per 1,000 cm2 CCC
1 5 A (E10, F9, G6, H4, I0, J00)
2 > 5  15 A (E11, F10, G7, H5, I2, J1, K00)
3 > 15  30 A (E11, F10, G8, H7, I4, J3, K00)

7.2 Systems
Systems are all assemblies and finished products/spare parts.
Limit value for hard particles CCC = (J-K00). i.e. no particle should be larger than 600 µm.

Table B: Classification for Interior Systems (brake, clutch fittings, etc.)

Class Residual dirt in mg per component CCC
1 5 N (E1000, F500, G64, H32, I4, J-K00)
2 > 5  10 N (E2000, F1000, G250, H32, I8, J2, K00)
3 > 10  20 N (E2000, F1000, G500, H64, I16, J4, K00)

Table C: Classification for Kit Systems (piston sets, etc.)

Class Residual dirt in mg per 1,000 cm2 CCC
1 5 A (E10, F9, G6, H4, I0, J00)
2 > 5  15 A (E11, F10, G7, H5, I2, J1, K00)
3 > 15  30 A (E11, F10, G8, H7, I4, J3, K00)

8 Test Frequency
Cleanliness testing on components and systems is carried out at the initial sampling stage in agreement with
the supplier and the customer.
Thereafter the given testing type should be repeated periodically at an interval determined by the manufacturer
as part of the requalification on components and systems.

9 Drawing entry (examples)

Drawing entry for class 1 components:
MWN-1033-A1  Herein "A" is Table A: Classification for components (page 10)
Drawing entry for class 1 systems:
MWN-1033-B1  Herein "B" is Table B: Classification for interior systems (page 10)
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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

Drawing entry for class 1 systems:

MWN-1033-C1  Herein "C" is Table C: Classification for kit systems (page 11)

Conversion to E-Px described in LE-12 – Cleanliness requirements of components

10 Other Applicable Documents

The following documents should be taken into account in addition to the standards and VDA volumes
mentioned in "2. Normative References":
P15_Delivery Conditions_D_080312
P15_Packing Instructions_D_080312
MWN 1031

11 Appendix
Example of an evaluation:

Sample Description
General Information
Company MAGURA
Ref. work instructions QV34021
Ref. qualification data MAGURA 1-2007

Test object/component
Component C-fitting (clutch)
Component no. 000
Sample no. 275
Sampling date 06.04.2011

Sampling
Sampling Rinse status
Number of components 1
Sampling environment Not defined
In accordance with ISO 14644-1 Aspirated

Gravimetry
Filter tare weight 62.7mg
Overall filter weight 69.0mg
Amount of residual dirt 6.3 mg

Analysis
Filter no. 275
Filter type 8 µm
Filter size/mm 46.4
Evaluation size/mm 43.4
Measurement µm/pixels 2,60
Test filter No
Cascade No
Lighting Reflected light
Analytical environment Not defined
In accordance with ISO 14644-1 Rinsed

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Components and Systems (Residual Dirt Analysis)

Tester xxx
Date 06.04.2011 10:04

Class Number Max. number Fibre Metal filing Other

XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX
Up to 100 µm 122 5,000 0 0 122
Up to 500 µm 11 1,000 2 0 9
Up to 1,000 µm 3 100 2 1 0
Up to 2,000 µm 4 5 3 0 1
Total 140 6,105 7 1 132

Largest particle (by type)

Type Size
Fibre 2,365 µm
Other 1,053 µm
Metal filing 677 µm

Component Cleanliness Code

CCC specification V(B23/C20/D-K16)
Test batch [number]: 1
Component: 100.0 cm³
CCC measurement V(B-K8) In order

Size class B C D E F G H I J K
Size range 5-15 15-25 25-50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-400 400-600 600- >1,000
1,000
Particles per test batch 0 0 93 29 5 1 4 1 3 4
Particles per 100 cm³ 0 0 93 29 5 1 4 1 3 4
Concentration class 00 00 7 5 3 0 2 0 2 2

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