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Understanding R's tapply Function

This document discusses functions in R, including creating functions that take multiple inputs and return multiple outputs, saving and loading functions, inline functions, and looping functions like apply, lapply, tapply, and mapply. Functions in R can return a list to allow for multiple outputs. Loops like apply apply a function over array margins, lapply applies a function to each element of a list, and tapply applies a function to ragged arrays grouped by factors.

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Shashank Gautam
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62 views11 pages

Understanding R's tapply Function

This document discusses functions in R, including creating functions that take multiple inputs and return multiple outputs, saving and loading functions, inline functions, and looping functions like apply, lapply, tapply, and mapply. Functions in R can return a list to allow for multiple outputs. Loops like apply apply a function over array margins, lapply applies a function to each element of a list, and tapply applies a function to ragged arrays grouped by factors.

Uploaded by

Shashank Gautam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data science for Engineers

Advanced programming in R: Functions

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 1


Data science for Engineers

In this lecture
 Functions
◦ MIMO
 Source (load) and call (invoke)
 Inline functions
 Looping over objects
◦ apply
◦ lapply
◦ tapply

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 2


Data science for Engineers

Multiple input and multiple output functions


Function with multiple inputs and outputs

 Functions in R take multiple input objects but returns only one


object as output

 This however is not a limitation, because a list object (collection


of several objects) can be returned by function

Diameter Volume

volcylinder_mimo
Height list(volume, surface area)
Surface area

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 3


Data science for Engineers

Creating and saving


1. Creating a function file

2. Save the function file “volcylinder_mimo”


Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 4
Data science for Engineers

Loading and invoking


3. Load the function file

4. Execute

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 5


Data science for Engineers

Inline functions
Example of an inline function

func = function(x) x^2+4*x+4

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 6


Data science for Engineers

Looping over objects


 There are a few looping functions that are pretty useful
when working interactively on a command line

◦ apply: Apply a function over the margins of an array or matrix

◦ lapply: Apply a function over a list or a vector

◦ tapply: Apply a function over a ragged array

◦ mapply: Multivariate version of lapply

◦ xxply (plyr package)

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 7


Data science for Engineers

apply function
 Applies a given function over the margins of a
given array.
◦ Syntax: apply(array, margins, function,…)
◦ Here margins refer to the dimension of the array
along which the function need to be applied.

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 8


Data science for Engineers

lapply function
 lapply is used to apply a function over a list.
 lapply always returns a list of the same
length as the input list
◦ Syntax: lapply(list, function, …)

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 9


Data science for Engineers

mapply function
• mapply is a multivariate version of lapply.
• A function can be applied over several lists
simultaneously.
◦ Syntax: mapply(fun, list1, list2, …)

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 10


Data science for Engineers

tapply function
 tapply is used to apply a function over subset of
vectors given by a combination of factors
◦ Syntax: tapply(vector, factors, function, …)

Advanced Programming in R: Functions (cont.) NPTEL NOC18-CS28 11

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