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INTRODUCTION:
Dr. Ali Moustafa Mosharafa (Egyptian Arabic: على
( )مصطفى مشرفة11 July 1898 – 16 January 1950) was
an Egyptian theoretical physicist. He was
professor of applied mathematics in the Faculty of
Science at Cairo University, and also served as its
first dean. He contributed to the development of
the quantum theory as well as the theory of
relativity
ACADEMIC CAREER:
He was the youngest student in his class, but the most
knowledgeable. He obtained his primary certificate in
1910 ranking first nationwide. At the age of 16, he
obtained his Baccalaureate in 1914 to become the
youngest student at that time to be awarded such a
certificate. He preferred to enroll in the Teachers'
College rather than the faculties of Medicine or
Engineering due to his deep interest in mathematics.
ALI MUSTAFA He graduated in 1917. Due to his excellence in
mathematics, the Egyptian Ministry of Education sent
him to England where he obtained BSc (Honors) from
the University of Nottingham, 1920. The Egyptian
MOSHARAFA University consented to grant Mosharafa another
scholarship to complete his doctoral thesis. During his
stay in London, many of his scientific researches were
EGYPTION SCIENTIST WHO WORK ON THE THEOREY published in prominent science magazines. He
OF RELATIVITY AND ADVANCE MATHEMATICS. obtained a PhD in 1923 from King's College London in
the shortest possible time permissible according to the
regulations there. In 1924 Mosharafa was awarded the
degree of Doctor of Science, the first Egyptian and
11th scientist in the entire world to obtain such a
degree.
Scientific achievements:
Over the 1920s-1930s, he studied Maxwell's equations and the special relativity
and he had correspondence with Albert Einstein.
Mosharafa published 25 original papers in distinguished scientific journals
about quantum theory, the theory of relativity, and the relation between
radiation and matter. He published around 12 scientific books about relativity
and mathematics. His books, on the theory of relativity, were translated into
English, French, German and Polish. He also translated 10 books of
astronomy and mathematics into Arabic.
Musharafa was interested in the history of science, especially in studying the
contributions of Arab scientists in the Middle Ages. With his student M. Morsi
Ahmad, he published al-Khwārizmī's book The Compendious Book on
Calculation by Completion and Balancing (Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala).
He also was interested in the relation between music and mathematics and
helped to establish the Egyptian society of music fans in 1945.
Social and political views
He was the first to call for social reform and development based on scientific research. He
was keen on disseminating public scientific awareness and wrote several articles and books
for the public about science in simple forms. He, further, encouraged translations into Arabic.
He contributed in writing the Arab scientific encyclopedia and books on the scientific
heritage of the Arabs as well. He was against the use of atomic energy in war and warned
against the exploitation of science as a means of destruction.
Honors:
He was given the title "Pasha" by King Farouq, but he declined the title
claiming that no title is worthier than a sciences PhD.
A laboratory and an auditorium are named after him in the Faculty of
Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
An annual award carrying his name has been initiated by his family to be
given to the cleverest student in mathematics.
Egypt & Europe Magazine published a cartoon of him standing between
Russia and the USA holding in his hands rolled paper, and both
superpowers awaiting him to unfold the secrets of science.
In 1947 the Institute for Advanced Study invited Mosharafa to join as a
visiting professor at Princeton University, but the king disapproved.
The Newton-Mosharafa Fund was named after him and after Sir Isaac
Newton Newton-Mosharafa-fund ۔
Books and papers
He wrote 26 significant papers including theoretical explanations of natural
phenomena. He wrote 15 books on relativity and mathematics. Among which is
a book on the theory of relativity translated into English, French, German and
Polish. It was reprinted in the USA. He produced around 15 scientific books
about relativity, mathematics, and atom and space invasion. His most important
books are:
We and Science
Science and Life
Atom and Atomic Bomb
Scientific Claims
Engineering in Pharaohs Times
Papers
Some of His papers are:
1- On the Appearance of Unsymmetrical Components in the Stark Effect (Phil. Mag. Vol. 43,
p. 943) - (1922)
2- On the Stark Effect for Strong Electric Fields (Phil. Mag. Vol. 44, p. 371) - (1922)
3- On the Quantum Theory of Complex Zeeman Effect (Phil. Mag. Vol. 46, p. 177) - (1923)
4- On a Second Approximation to the Quantum Theory of the Simple Zeeman Effect (Phil.
Mag. Vol. 46, p. 514) - (1923)
5- The Stark Effect for Strong Fields (Phil. Mag. Vol. 46, p. 751) - (1923)
6- On the Quantum Theory of the Simple Zeeman Effect (Roy. Soc. Proc. A. Vol. 102,
p. 529) - (1923)
7- Half Integral Quantum numbers in the Theory of Stark Effect and a general Hypothesis of
Fractional Quantum numbers (Roy. Soc. Proc. Vol. 126, p. 641) - (1930)
8- On The Quantum Dynamics of Degenerate Systems (Roy. Soc. Proc. A. Vol. 107, p. 237) -
(1925)
9- The Quantum Explanation of the Zeeman Triplet (Nature Vol. 119, p. 96, No. 2907, July
18) - (1925)
10- The Motion of a Lorentz Electron as a wave Phenomenon (Nature Vol. 124, p. 726, No.
3132, Nov. 9) - (1929)
11- Wave Mechanics and the Dual Aspect of Matter and Radiation (Roy. Soc. Proc. A. Vol.
126, p. 35) - (1930)
12- Material and Radiational Waves (Roy. Soc. Proc. A. Vol. 131, p. 335) - (1931)
13- Can Matter and Radiation be regarded as two aspects of the same world-Condition
(Verhandlungen der Internationalen Kongress, Zurich, Switzerland) - (1932)
14- Some Views on the Relation between Matter and Radiation (Bulletin de l'institute
d'Egypte, T. XVI, p. 161) - (1939)
15- Modes in Modern Egyptian Music (Nature, No. 135, p. 548-549) - (1937)
16- The Maxwellian Equations and a Variable Speed of Light (Proceedings of the
Mathematical and Physical Society of Egypt, No. 1, Vol. 1) - (1937)
17- The Principle of Indeterminacy and the Structure of the World Lines (Proceedings of the
Mathematical and Physical Society of Egypt, Vol. 2, No. 1) - (1944)
18- Wave Surfaces associated with World Lines (Proceedings of the Mathematical and
Physical Society of Egypt, Vol. 2, No. 2) - (1943)
19- Conical Transformations (Proceedings of the Mathematical and Physical Society of
Egypt, No. 2, Vol. 3) - (1944)
20- On a Positive Definite Metric in the Special Theory of Relativity (Proceedings of the
Mathematical and Physical Society of Egypt, Vol. 2, No. 4) - (1944)
21- On the Metric of Space and the Equations of Motion of a Charged Particle (Proceedings
of the Mathematical and Physical Society of Egypt, Vol. 3, No. 1) - (1945)
22- The Egyptian Academy of Sciences (Nature, Vol. 157, p. 573, No. 3992, May) - (1946)
23- The Metric of Space and Mass Deficiency (Philosophical Magazine) - (1948)
24- The Mass-Defect Curves on Nuclear Forces (Nature, Vol. 164, October 15) - (1949)
Unexpected Death:
Ali Mustafa Mosharafa died at the age of 52 on 16th January, 1950.
[ CITATION Wik20 \l 2057 ]
References:
Wikipedia. ( 2020, November 18th). Ali Mustafa Mosharafa. Retrieved from
[Link]
