AN ANALYSIS OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF

EXAMINATION FUND OF FAKIR MOHAN UNIVERSITY

DURING 2019-20

A
Dissertation
Submitted to
FAKIR MOHAN UNIVERSITY
In fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION

Submitted by
SANTOSH KUMAR BHUYAN
13201FM184005
Submitted to
Prof. D.P MIISHRA

PG DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FAKIR MOHAN UNIVERSITY, VYASA VIHAR
BALASORE-756019, ODISHA, INDIA

2020

1
 CONTENTS

Declaration I
Certificate II
Acknowledgement III
List of Abbreviations IV
List of Tables V
List of Figures

Chapter No Particulars Page No.

1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the
Study
1.2 Importance & Scope
of the Study
1.3 Research Problem
1.4 Sequence of the Study
2 Review of Literature &
Conceptual Frame work
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Conceptual Frame
work
1.3 Review work
1.4 Research Gap
3 Research Methodology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Research Design
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Hypotheses of the
Study
1.5 Period of the Study
1.6 Sampling Design
1.7 Sources and Methods
of Data Collection
1.8 Tools & Techniques of
Data Analysis
4 Sample
Organizations/Industry at
a Glance

2
 5 Data Analysis

6 Summary & Conclusion

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Summary of the Major
Findings
1.3 Conclusion
1.4 Suggestions
1.5 Limitations & Future
Research Avenue

Bibliography
Annexure

List of Tables

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Income through 26
examination fee
2019-20
2 Income through 27
student
registration/migration
2019-20
3 Income through 27
subject
affiliation2019-20
4 TOTAL INCOME 28
TABLE
5 Centre Expenses 29
2019-20
6 Valuation Expenses 29
2019-20
7 Supervision Expenses 30
2019-20

3
 8 TOTAL 30
EXPENDITURE
TABLE

List of Figures

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Expenditure Centre Expenses 30
Expenses 2019-20
TOTAL TOTAL 31
EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE
TABLE

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the research work presented in this thesis entitled, “AN
ANALYSIS OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF EXAMINATION FUND OF FAKIR
MOHAN UNIVERSITY DURING 2019-20” is original and was carried out by me under
the supervision of Prof. Devi Prasad Mishra, P.G. Department of Business
Management, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore. The work is original and has not been
submitted for any degree/Diploma of this or any other University.

Digital signature

Signature of the candidate

Place :Balasore
Date: 19-08-2020
Examination Roll No.13201FM184005

Signature of the Guide

5
 (With date and seal)

Signature of the Head of the Department/College/Institution

(With date and Seal)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “AN ANALYSIS OF INCOME AND

EXPENDITURE OF EXAMINATION FUND OF FAKIR MOHAN UNIVERSITY

DURING 2019-20 ” is being submitted by SANTOSH KUMAR BHUYAN fulfillment for

the award of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRARION to Fakir Mohan University,

Balasore is a record of bonafide work carried out by his/her under my guidance and

supervision.

The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or

institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

6
 Signature of the Guide
(with place, date and seal)

Signature of the Head of the Department/College/Institution

(With date and Seal)

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
1.3SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.4RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.5SEQUENCE OF THE STUDY

7
 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Income is money (or some equivalent value) that an individual or business receives, usually in
exchange for providing a good or service or through investing capital. Income is used to fund
day-to-day expenditures. Investments, pensions, and Social Security are primary sources of
income for retirees. For individuals, income is most often received in the form of wages or
salary. Business income can refer to a company's remaining revenues after paying all
expenses and taxes. In this case, income is referred to as "earnings.” Most forms of income
are subject to taxation.

Individuals receive income through earning wages by working and making investments
into financial assets such as stocks, bonds, and real estate. For instance, an investor’s stock
holding may pay income in the form of an annual 5% dividend.

In most countries, earned income is taxed by the government before it is received. The
revenue generated by income taxes finances government actions and programs as
determined by federal and state budgets. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) calls income
from sources other than a job, such as investment income, “unearned income.”

Taxable Income
Income from wages, salaries, interest, dividends, business income, capital gains, and pensions
received during a given tax year are considered taxable income in the United States. Other

8
taxable income includes annuity payments, rental income, farming, and fishing
income, unemployment compensation, retirement plan distributions, and stock options.
Lesser-known taxable income includes gambling income, bartering income, and jury duty pay.

The types of income listed above would be classified as ordinary income, which is composed
mainly of wages, salaries, commissions, and interest income from bonds, and it is taxable
using ordinary income rates. This type of income differs from capital gains or dividend income
in that it can only be offset with standard tax deductions, while capital gains can only be offset
with capital losses.

Tax-Exempt and Tax-Reduced Income

Types of income that may be tax-exempt include interest income from U.S.
Treasury securities (which is exempt at the state and local levels), interest from municipal
bonds (which is potentially exempt at the federal, state and local levels) and capital gains that
are offset by capital losses.

Types of income taxed at lower rates include qualified dividends and long-term capital gains.
Social Security income is sometimes taxable, depending on how much other income the
taxpayer receives during the year.

Disposable and Discretionary Income

Disposable income is money that’s remaining after paying taxes. Individuals spend disposable
income on necessities, such as housing, food, and transportation. Discretionary income is the
money that remains after paying all necessary expenses. People spend discretionary income
on items like vacations, restaurant meals, cable television, and movies.

In a recession, individuals tend to be more prudent with their discretionary income. For
example, a family may use their discretionary income to make extra payments on their
mortgage or save it for an unexpected expense.

Disposable income is typically higher than discretionary income within the same household
because expenses of necessary items are not removed from the disposable income. Both
measures can be used to project the amount of consumer spending. However, either measure
must also take into account the willingness of people to make purchases.

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Expenditure in business is a payment (disbursement, payout) of cash or cash equivalents.
Expenditure, In other words, means spending. Most expenditures result in cash outflows
either immediately or over time. However, the definition also includes the spending
of cash equivalents, which are current assets accepted in place of cash, such as barter credits
or near-term marketable securities.

Many people even in business use the terms expense and expenditure more or less
interchangeably. To the firm's accountants and those planning budgets, however, the terms
are not synonymous. Expense is only one of four kinds of spending actions that qualify as
expenditures.

Any of the following spending actions can qualify as an expenditure: (1) capital spending, (2)
distributing funds to owners, (3) retiring or paying off debt, or (4) paying expenses. Note
that accountants define expense spending as an action that reduces owners equity by using
up assets.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

The relationship between income and expenditure is often called a consumption schedule. It
is used to describe economic trends in the household sector. When there is more money or
anticipation of income, more goods are purchased by consumers. Meaning money is spent on
expenditures, at times, even if there isn't enough income to cover them. This is a common
economic principal used to describe spending trends for national and world economies. A
business should consider the relationship between consumption and savings to extract data
on buyer trends within its own industry.

The difference between income and consumption is used to define the consumption
schedule. When income grows, disposable income rises and thus consumers buy more goods.
The result is an increase in the consumption of major purchases and non-essential goods. The
increase in consumer expenditures is not a direct relationship to income. For every extra
dollar earned, there may be a fraction spent on disposable income. Low-income areas may
actually see more in expenditures than in actual income at different times.

10
The difference between income and consumption is how much is spent and left over as
savings at the end of the month. There are many factors that determine why consumers
choose to spend more on goods not required for day-to-day living expenses. These include
stock market trends, tax laws, and even consumer optimism. Economic experts look at
historical data to predict future trends based on new market conditions.

Consumers won't spend money unless they are confident in their personal economic situation
and strength. This means consumers feel good about having and keeping a job with the
potential of promotion. Pay increases, stock portfolio rises and tax cuts can put more money
in each person's pocket. As these conditions merge, consumer confidence increases.

Consumer confidence is the trust a buyer has that he can afford a purchase either today or in
the near future. For example, consumer confidence is shown by homebuyer trends. This is a
major purchase that takes decades to pay off. A buyer must feel good about the economy, as
well as feeling secure about his personal financial situation to take on such a major purchase.

nother factor that affects consumer confidence in inventory. Supply and demand have a
strong effect on whether buyers feel there is a need to purchase now. Going back to the house
purchasing example, if there are not a lot of homes for sale but interest rates are low, supply
is down but demand may increase. This could lead to higher buying desires among consumers
trying to get in while they can for the best deal possible.

A business should consider its own inventory levels when seeing consumption schedules and
consumer confidence ratings. When inventory increases for any item, it's less urgent to buy
it. When inventory builds up in a sector, such as in the automotive industry, it suggests
reduced consumer confidence where conditions drive savings more than spending. A business
in this sector would want to take heed and keep inventory levels manageable to prevent
sitting on inventory stock for extended periods of time.

While no business can control consumer confidence, it can take proactive measures to protect
itself as buyer trends change. A business may need to increase or reduce manufacturing;
wholesale orders or it may even offer promotional pricing to retain profitability and
movement in its inventory. Poor consumer confidence with a negative relationship between

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income and expenditures means less people are going to the movies, buying new cars, homes
or spending less on the little extras they do when they feel that their pockets are a little
deeper.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

Here the income and expenditure of different sources of F. M. University are categorized
under different sources like different Government grants, development grants, funds from
different state and central agencies and expenditure incurred in various heads like payment
of salaries, infra structure expenditure etc. Howover, only the income and expenditure of
Examination fund is considered in this study. Hence, we have to analyse properly the flow of
income and the flow of expenditure of the examination section.

In this study of income and expenditure analysis, I categorized different sources of income
and difference sources of expenditure to know the percentage of income over the
expenditure. We make the different tabulation to analyze the income and expenditure of the
examination section.

RESEARCH PROBLEM

It is very necessary for an organization that the income should always be higher than the
expenditure. So it is necessary to analyse the different sources of income as well as different
sources of expenditure of examination section.

SEQUENCE OF THE STUDY

The present study has been structurally arranged into 6 chapters. These chapters are
mentioned and are given below in brief.
CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION
This chapter highlights the background of the study, research problem, statement of the
problem. CHAPTER-2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Review of literature is a summary or theme of literature relevant to the present research
work. It gives an overview and idea to researchers to know the in-depth idea and knowledge
from the existing study’s findings key highlights and suggestions etc. This chapter also

12
highlights the main contribution made by the researcher of the topic concerned and research
gap of the present study.
CHAPTER-3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology is very important for any research and investigation to analyze and
interpret the collected data to get inferences. This chapter deals with objective and
hypothesis of the study as well as research methodology i.e. data collection, the statistical
tools and techniques adopted, etc.
CHAPTER-4: F. M. UNIVERSITY AT GLANCE
This chapter deals with the university prfile i.e. its establishment, its activities etc.

CHAPTER-5: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter deals with the data analysis, mainly descriptive data analysis, inferential Data
analysis.
CHAPTER-6: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

The last chapter deals with summary of major findings of present study. That apart, chis
chapter will also with the conclusion and suggestion.

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 CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.3 REVIEW WORK
2.4 RESEARCH GAP

14
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION

The review of literature is a critical discussion that is of general and specialized relevance to
the particular area and topic of the research problem in statistics. Review of literature is first
supervisor which help to frame the research and generate ideas about the methodology to
work on different variables. It provides a right direction to the research to carry out his
research. It also introduces the research to alternative methods of analysis which increases
the scope and limitations of new areas for the research. So for proper understanding of the
problem, sincere efforts have been made to review the literature regarding the current
research problem. In this chapter an attempt has been made to summarize the results of the
studies undertaken by the researchers on Analysis of income and expenditure pattern of
cultivators. Some prominent theoretical and analytical studies are.

Review of literature of theoretical context

Keynes, J. M (1936) mainly looked at consumption in form of a macroeconomics perspective.

He saw aggregate consumption expenditures as important components of national income.
Keynes argued that with rises in income, consumption would also increase but not as fast like
income. When income raises the marginal’s propensity to consume (MPC) would go down as
consumer needs are satisfied Keynes regarded effective demand by the consumer as the
principal vehicle of economic growth.

Sen, A (1985) focused not on the ownership of commodities but on he uses to which they can
be put in extending peoples capabilities. Commodities were important for enriching 16
human lives, but their effectiveness depends on personal characteristics’ and social
circumstances, variations in which contribute to inequalities in a society.

2.3 Review of literature of international context

15
Burney et al. (1991) discussed on the household consumption patterns separately for the
urban and the rural sectors in Pakistan by estimating the marginal expenditure shares and
expenditure elasticities for twelve broad commodity groups, using household level data for
the year 1984-85. They estimated marginal expenditure shares that indicated in examining
the household expenditure patterns one could safely assume that all the households in the
sample face the same price structure. While the findings of the paper sports the validity of
Engel’s law, the estimates presented indicate that expenditure elasticities for different
commodity groups very with income and in general, exhibit a cyclical pattern, which was
explained in terms of quantitative as well as qualitative change in the household consumption
basket.

The results indicated that as the level of income increases, the share of food and drinks in
total household expenditure declines for households in both the urban and the rural sectors.
The expenditure share of transport and communication was found to rise with the level of
income, while that of clothing and footwear and fuel and lighting declines in the case of rural
households. The results further indicated that the expenditure elasticity of food and drinks
was less than unity in urban and the rural sectors as well as for household in different income
groups within each sector.

Selim, R. (1995) analysed the changes in the expenditure patterns of Turkish household during
this period, using data on household expenditure. Data had been taken from the Survey of
Household Income and Consumption Expenditures conducted by the State Institute of
Statistics (SIS) of Turkey for the years 1987 and 1994. .

To find out the factors cause these changes, consumption expenditure patterns of urban and
rural households and the households at different income levels were also analysed. Total
expenditure elasticities for eleven expenditure groups were estimated by using Engel curves.
The method used for estimating regression equations was the weighted least squares. Total
expenditure elasticities were estimated by using double-log function type. The Changes in
total expenditure elasticities of four consumption expenditure groups were statistically
significant. The total expenditure elasticities of transportation-communication, Restaurant
and various commodities-services had increased significantly.

16
The clothing was the only expenditure category that showed significant decrease in the total
expenditure elasticity. While the clothing was a luxury commodity in 1987, it moved up near
to the necessity Commodity category in 1994. The total expenditure elasticity of housing was
lower at rural areas than urban areas of the total expenditure elasticities of food, clothing and
education were higher at rural areas than urban areas.
Ahmad and Karunakaran (1996) estimated that expenditure elasticities for the poor, middle
income and rich Australian households using spline function on the working-leser Engel
equations system. These elasticities are very substantially with the level of total expenditure.
The main objective of the study was to examine the difference in budget allocation decision
across rich and poor household in Australia. The study was based on primary data. These had
been collected from the household Expenditure Survey 1988-89. In survey, 7225 household
were taken. For analyzing the data, the working-leser Spline Functions and the simple
Working-leser System were estimated by the OLS method. The results showed that the
traditional argument which proposes that a tax imposed on a good that has income elasticity
greater than one, affects only the rich income household.

Karunakaran et al. (1996) analyzed the total expenditure elasticities for the poor, middle and
rich Australian households using Spline functions on the Working-Leser Engel equations
system. The results showed that the elasticities were very quiet substantially with an increase
in total expenditure with a general declining trend. The consumption categories food &
beverages, fuel and services had expenditure elasticities less than one at each of the four
specified levels of total expenditure. In the case of personal care and health the elasticities
among the poor household were almost equal to one. This means that relative to other
consumption goods, personal care and health were considered to be equally important. From
the lower middle income households towards the rich the expenditure elasticity for both
personal care and health decline. The increased expenditure on alcohol was most likely to
result from improved quality of alcoholic drinks that rich household could afford.
Review of literature of national context

Singh, B. (1972) studied on consumer behaviour. It was assumed that any two households
with equal per capita/per unit income within a homogeneous group would display similar
consumption pattern. In this study, it was proposed an iterative procedure which did not

17
entail any such problems. Since the proposed procedure was also based on the same
formulation of the Engel function as used by Prais and Houthakker. In this iterative procedure,
he used the Engel function in which household members of different age-sex characteristics
had been assigned different weights in respect of specific items of consumption as well as
overall consumption of the household. The weights which related to specific items constitute
specific 'adult-equivalent,' or 'unit consumer' scales, and those which relate to the overall
consumption of the household constitute income 'adult-equivalent' or 'unit consumer' scales.
He estimated the income elasticities had been obtained according to three models of the
Engel function. first, when both the composition and the economies scale effects were
ignored, second, when only the economies of scale effects were ignored, and third when both
the composition and economies of scale effects were taken into account.
Singh, B. (1973) estimated in their study the effects of household consumption of its
consumption pattern of the rural households in West U. P. (India). Household members were
weighted according to the specific and income scale estimated by the Singh Nager interactive
technique. Engel curve were estimated using different function forms both in per capita and
per unit terms. The Engel elasticities obtained and then analysed, together with the estimated
adult-equivalent scale. The data used in the present study had been extracted from the
duplicate schedules on consumer expenditure of the fifteenth round (July 1959-June 1960) of
the National Sample Survey (NSS). These data related to the rural sector of the Western Uttar
Pradesh (India).In analysing first the specific scales, it was found that Group 1 generally
accounts for the largest proportionate expenditure on various consumption items with
greater tendency in case of food items as compared to non-food ones. This seems justified
because those included in Group I are involved in heavy manual work, have higher body
weights and get priority over other household members for allegedly conventional and
economic reasons.
The study found that these generalities did not hold well in many cases, since the initial and
final critical levels were rather arbitrary and influenced by several economic and non-
economic factors. B-type occupants have over elastic demand for "Amusement and
economies of scale effects were taken into account.

18
RESEARCH GAP

Here the research is about to examine income and expenditure analysis of examination
section funds of FM University. It was not earlier investigated on the income and expenditure
pattern of examination section. It is very important for a university to analyze the pattern of
income and expenditure of the examination fund.

19
 CHAPTER-3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
3.5 PERIOD OF THE STUDY
3.6 SAMPLING DESIGN
3.7 SOURCES AND METHODS OF THE DATA COLLECTION
3.8 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF DATA ANALYSIS

20
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

The process of research involves systematic and in-depth study or research of particular topic or
subject. It involves the collection, compilation, presentation and interpretation and
interpretation of relevant details or data. It is a careful search and inquiry into the any
subject matter which is an endeavor to discover or to find out the valuable facts which
would be useful for solving problems and or improving existing solutions to specific
problem. The research also involves the scientific analysis which resulting the formulation
of new theories and techniques and modifies the old concepts or a knocking-off an
existing theory or techniques. An essential aspects of any research is the activity of data
collection whether primary or secondary or both and the method of analysis which can
help to answer the research questions and objectives. In this chapter, the research
objectives, the research approaches or design, sampling techniques adopted, data
collection instruments employed and statistical tools and techniques used in data analysis
has been explained and presented in the following paragraphs.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research methodology typically refers to the techniques which are followed to conduct research.
It provides the researcher(s) with a guideline of how to collect and analyze the data. Thus
any research should be governed by a well-defined research methodology and based on
some scientific principles. Research Methodology consists of the following aspects.
Visited the examination section of F.M University and gathered information required
Research Design- Descriptive based on Exploratory

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

● To study the pattern of income

● To study the pattern of expenditure and also to know the sources of income and
expenditure.
● To analyze the income and expenditure of examination section of FM University.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

21
The study was for a period of one accounting year that is the year of 2019-20.
SOURCES AND METHODS OF THE DATA COLLECTION
Data has been collected both from secondary sources.
SECONDARY DATA
It refers to those data that was already being collected and analyzed by someone else.
These data is collected from Reports, Internet, Magazines and Newspaper.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF DATA ANALYSIS
The data after collection has been coded, edited, classified and tabulated to analysis the data.
Statistical tools such as percentage, graphs and charts are utilized for analysis and
interpretation of data

CHAPTER-4

F. M. UNIVERSITY AT A GLANCE

22
 F. M. UNIVERSITY AT A GLANCE

INTRODUCTION

Here I take the examination section of Fakir Mohan University to analyze the different sources
of income and expenditure.

his university was established by the Government of Odisha, under Section 32 of the Odisha
Universities Act, 1989 (Act 5 of 1989). It has been accredited by the Association of Indian
Universities (AIU) since 2000 and is a member of the Association of Commonwealth
Universities (ACU), UK.

It was carved out of the Utkal University in 1999 and acts as an affiliating university. FM
University has 92 colleges and 15,000 students at the graduate and postgraduate levels. It is
the only university in India that offers a postgraduate course in Ballistics.

FM University is functioning in two campuses: the old campus at Januganj, besides the
National Highway near Remuna Golei (around 3 km from Balasore bus stand and railway
station) and the new campus at Nuapadhi (around 15 km from Balasore bus stand and railway
station).

Collaborations/linkages with national institutions

The Department of Information and Communication Technology has established linkage with
Proof and Experimental Establishment, and Integrated Test Range, Balasore in undertaking
research.

The Department of Applied Physics & Ballistics offers M.Sc. in Applied Physics & Ballistics with
active support from Proof and Experimental Establishment.

Other departments have also established linkage with local industries for research and
consultancy.

DIFFERENT SECTIONS

1. Directorate of Distance and Continuing Education(DDCE)- Established for providing

distance education.

23
 2. Administration Section-Regulates the whole campus

3. PG Council-Administers and regulates the whole campus

Departments

Dept. of Biotech and Bioscience

Dept. of Botany

Dept. of Business Management

Dept. of Chemistry

Dept. of Commerce

Dept. of Education

Dept. of Environmental Science

Dept. of Geography

Dept. of Geology

Dept. of History & Archaeology

Dept. of Information and Communication Technology

Dept. of Journalism & Mass Communication

Dept. of Language and Literature

Dept. of Mathematics

Dept. of Population Studies

Dept. of Social Science

Dept. of Zoology

Master of Law (LL.M)

24
Directorate of Distance and Continuing Education (FMU-DDCE)

Dept. of Applied Physics and Ballistics

CHAPTER-5
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

25
 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
For analysis of income and expenditure of examination section funds of Fakir Mohan
University I have categorized income and expenditure through different sources like income
through –

Sources of Incomes-
● Income through examination fee 2019-20
● Income through student registration/migration 2019-20
● Income through subject affiliation2019-20
Sources of Expenditure-
● Centre Expenses 2019-20
● Valuation Expenses 2019-20
● Supervision Expenses 2019-20

The above sources of income and expenditure are taken for the analysis of income and
expenditure of examination section funds of Fakir Mohan University.

INCOME TABLE-1
Income through examination fee 2019-20 Percentage
1 For B.A/B.Sc/B.Com/BBA/BCA 2,70,00,000 84.05%
2 For PG(Reg.& self financing courses) 15,00,000 4.66%
3 For LLB/LLM 16,50,000 5.13%
4 For B.Ed/BPEd./MPEd. 5,00,000 1.58%
5 For all distance courses 10,00,000 3.11%

26
 6 For other examination 1,20,000 0.39%
7 For Ph.D 3,50,000 1.08%
Total 3,21,20,000 100%
Interpretation

The above table shows the total income through examination fee of different departments of
the University.Income through examination fee for B.A/BSC/B.Com/BBA/BCA is more.

INCOME TABLE-2
Income through student registration/migration 2019-20 Percentage
1 Student registration fee 20,00,000 65.55%
2 Migration fee 9,00,000 29.51%
3 Fee for inter college transfer 1,00,000 3.28%
4 Fee for late admission 1000 0.03%
5 Duplicate Registration fee 50,000 1.63%
Total 30,51,000 100
Interpretation

The above table shows the total income through student registration and migration fee of the
University.

INCOME TABLE-3
Income through subject affiliation2019-20 Percentage
1 Affiliation fee 1,60,000 51.61%
2 Inspection fee 1,00,000 32.27%
3 Fee for NOC 10,000 3.22%

27
 4 Fee for late application 40,000 12.90%
5 Affiliation book fee ----
Total 3,10,000 100
Interpretation
The above table shows that the total income through subject affiliation fee of the University.

TOTAL INCOME TABLE Percentage

1 Income through examination fee 2019-20 3,21,20,000 90.52%

2 Income through student registration/migration 30,51,000 8.59%

2019-20

3 Income through subject affiliation2019-20 3,10,000 0.89%

TOTAL 3,54,81,000 100%

Interpretation

The above table shows that the total income through examination fee , income through
student registration and income through student affiliation.

EXPENDITURE TABLE-1
Centre Expenses 2019-20
1 Centre Expenses for B.A/B.Sc/BBA/BCA 20,00,000

28
 2 Centre Expenses for P.G
3 Centre Expenses for LLB/LLM
4 Centre Expenses for BED/BPED/MPED
5 Centre Expenses for Distance courses
6 Centre Expenses for Other Exams
Total 20,00,000
Interpretation

The above table shows the total expenditure of centre expenses of the examination section
of the University is 20,00,000.
Pie-chart

Centre Expenses 2019-20

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Centre expenses
Valuation
2019-20
Supervision
Expenses 2019-20
Expenses 2019-20
Total

EXPENDITURE TABLE-2
Valuation Expenses 2019-20 %
1 Valuation Expenses for B.A/B.Sc/BBA/BCA 2,00,00,000 90.29%
2 Valuation Expenses for P.G 3,00,000 1.35%
3 Valuation Expenses for LLB/LLM 8,00,000 3.61%
4 Valuation Expenses for BED/BPED/MPED 3,00,000 1.38%
5 Valuation Expenses for Distance courses 6,00,000 2.70%
6 Ph.D Thesis Evaluation and viva voce 1,50,000 0.67%

29
 Total 2,21,50,000 100%

Interpretation

The above table shows that the total valuation expenses of examination section funds of the
University is 2,21,50,000. Valuation expenses for B.A/B.Sc/BBA/BCA is more as compared to
other expenses.

EXPENDITURE TABLE-3
Supervision Expenses 2019-20
1 Supervision Expenses for B.A/BSC/B.Com/BBA/BCA
2 Supervision Expenses for P.G
3 Supervision Expenses for LLB/LLM
4 Supervision Expenses for BED/BPED/MPED 10,00,000
5 Supervision Expenses for Distance Courses
6 Supervision Expenses for Other Exams
Total 10,00,000
Interpretation
The above table shows that the total supervision expenses of examination section funds of
the University is 10,00,000.

TOTAL EXPENDITURE TABLE %

1 Centre Expenses 2019-20 20,00,000 7.95%
2 Valuation Expenses 2019-20 2,21,50,000 88.07%
3 Supervision Expenses 2019-20 10,00,000 3.98%
TOTAL 2,51,50,000 100%
Interpretation

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According to the above data analysis the income is higher than the expenditure in the year
2018-19.
The percentage of total income is higher than the expenditure which signifies the economic
condition of examination section fund of Fakir Mohan University was good in the year 2019-
20 but not as much as good of 2018-19.
Pie-chart

Total Expenditure 2019-20

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Centre expenses
Valuation
2019-20
Supervision
Expenses 2019-20
Expenses 2019-20
Total

CHAPTER-6
Summary of the findings and Conclusion

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1.6 Introduction
1.7 Summary of the Major Findings
1.8 Conclusion
Bibliography

Summary of the findings and Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
In this chapter we concentrate on the overall financial position of the examination section of
Fakir Mohan University and discuss how they income through different sources and also

32
discuss how they expend through different sources and finally analyses the overall economic
condition and financial position in the year 2019-20.
SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS
In this report we find some major findings which internally or externally affects the economic
condition and financial position of examination section of Fakir Mohan University.
These are as follows-
● Control on expenditure are very necessary
● Budget should be made on every end of the academic year
● Control over unbeneficial promotion
● Keeping record of total income and expenditure through different sources
CONCLUSION
Based on our discussion in above, it is very important to highlight the total income and
expenditure in order to know how their spending pattern in the context of nowadays
situation. From the expenditure items that mentioned before this, Examination section fund
of Fakir Mohan University especially among the income and expenditure should have good
information and knowledge to manage their money and to put the priority expenses of the
total expenditures.

Bibliography

From the annual reports of examination section of Fakir Mohan University

Journals
• Keynes, J. M (1936)
• Sen, A (1985)

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• Burney et al. (1991)
• Selim, R. (1995)
• Ahmad and Karunakaran (1996)
• Karunakaran et al. (1996)
• Singh, B. (1972)

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35