Effective Load Control With Arduino Using Fuzzy Logic Compared To
PIC Microcontroller Based Controlling In Over Voltage Protection.
G.Harshavadha1, Mrs.
, Uganya2
Harshavardha.G1
Project Scholar,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering ,
Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,
Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India. Pincode: 602105.
[email protected].
Mrs. Uganya2
Project Guide, Corresponding Author,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering ,
Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,
Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India. Pincode: 602105.
[email protected].
Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Arduino Uno, Relay, Load Control,Voltage Measurement Sensor.
1 of 12
ABSTRACT:
Aim: The ultimate goal that my project carries out is to protect the load that acts as the
peripheral connected with Arduino Uno via Fuzzy Logic. Materials and Methods: Developing
an innovative Self Working Unit with the help of Arduino Uno board and relay module which is
connected to 40W Bulb as Load along with 15 trials compared with PIC16f877a microcontroller
programmed with the help of Arduino IDE. Results: The Fuzzy Logic Library used in Arduino
IDE analyses the system with the values that are yielded from Voltage Measurement Sensor and
it protects the whole unit along with Load by the ideal time of Fuzzy Logic system. So if the
voltage crosses a certain value then the Load relay is tuned off so that the Load is prevented from
damage. Instead of PID controller the Fuzzy Logic system is used for avoiding many errors from
PID control to provide the output based on Artificial Intelligence by training the system with If-
then logic by having True or False alogorithm. Conclusion: The output at many changes in
voltage variations are highly accurate and precise along with the working of relay and load
control.
Keywords: Arduino Uno, Voltage measurement sensor, Embedded system, Fuzzy Logic, Load
Control.
1. INTRODUCTION:
The project is based on developing and implementing Load control using Arduino Uno
board with Fuzzy Logic Library for high voltage protection. (Zeeshan Ali Shah et al. 2020).
This project is completely based on security and protection basis for load like Motors, fan, Light
or any other home appliances from getting damaged due to voltage fluctuations with the help of
Arduino Uno along with Fuzzy Logic process on basis of time. (Mohamed S et al. 2016). These
kind of system can be found in many small scale industries for controlling number of peripherals
like AC motors, relays which can drive many industrial appliances using Fuzzy Logic to avoid
many human errors.(Gaberila et al.2015).
The work carried out here is automating Fan by means of Ultra Sonic Sensor along with
temperature sensor. The working concept is like if the ultra-sonic sensor senses any human
interference means the fan will be turned on by the real time data from Ultra-Sonic sensor and
the temperature sensor is used to measure the room temperature whenever the temperature goes
down the desired value means the regulator of fan will adjust accordingly to the real time
temperature.(Kanchanasatian 2018).Lickwise, (Harahap, Tanjung, and Fachri
2020;Widyaningrum and Pramudita 2018) carried out a work with the help of Microcontroller
for controlling home load like Light and Fan with complete automation. Using Arduino and
Internet of Things(IOT) Fan is controlled using the real time data of temperature from respective
sensor automatically and also this work includes a smart monitoring system.(Raju and Vidheya
Raju,2017). Many existing method uses monitoring of constant variation in temperature so they
used the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor for monitoring temperature at high accuracy.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The total analysis and Pre project work for my project is carried out in SIMATS. The
total number of cluster used in this analysis is 2. Number of sample size used for this work is ten
for each and every group. Arduino Uno is the selected MCU(Micro Controller Unit) board based
device equipped in Group (Pramudita and Widyaningrum 2018) and the Fuzzy Logic Library
along with time calculations and Load control using relay module are used in Group 2. The
calculations carried out here is done using G power method and the samples for this process are
acquired. Alpha=0.03,G power=0.8 are considered as the analytical parameters.
Group 1: Using Ardino Uno the load is controlled just by monitoring the voltage reading
and the output which has 10 samples are fed to the input of Arduino board. In this group the
process is carried out without using Fuzzy Logic. The output is just in binary format were it has
only Voltage exceeds the limit or not.
Group 2: Fuzzy Logic using time comes into play with having 10 samples in this project.
In this group a new method for time calculation used by Fuzzy logic is used for protecting the
load from fluctuations in voltage. If there is any voltage fluctuation is detected means then the
time delay will be triggered based on fuzzy logic and the voltage fluctuation persists means then
the relay will turn off the load.
Block diagram of proposed system:
The Block diagram for this project is shown in Figure 1. The Fuzzy Logic algorithm is
fed into the microcontroller that is embedded on the Arduino Uno Dev board with the help of
Arduino IDE Software. The voltage is measured and if the voltage goes beyond the pre-
determined value means the time delay based on the Fuzzy Logic system gets started and the
load is controlled accordingly based on the voltage variations since it is not constant.
Testing Procedure for proposed system:
The structure of Fuzzy Logic is shown in the Figure 2. The software and hardware tools
used in this proposed method are Arduino Uno which acts as the main control unit for the whole
project , Voltage detection Sensor and a relay module to drive the load that is connected for
example a light, fan or motor. The software section includes Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) and also the eFLL(embedded Fuzzy Logic Library) is used for
programming the calculated values based on the Fuzzy Logic.
The following code was written in Arduino IDE then debugged for any errors and then
uploaded successfully to the arduino hardware. Relay connection on Arduino Uno and voltage
detection sensor on Arduino Uno. The PC was connected to the arduino Uno with the help of a
USB cable. Under the conditions specified in the code, the voltage is equal to a 230V load. The
load is automatically selected. When the voltage exceeds 230V, the load is automatically turned
off. Due to fluctuations in the voltage level, the fans automatically turn on or off at the same
time. Statistical analysis was opened in SPSS software ("SPSS software" n.d.) with two groups
of independent variables, and the dependent variable being voltage.
3. RESULTS:
Table 1 reveals that the Voltage readings by the Voltage Detection sensor and based on
the Voltage value the relay based on the fuzzy logic will drive the Load on and off . Whenever
the voltage crosses 230v then the Fuzzy Logic process will start and then later depending on the
voltage fluctuations the relay will drive the load automatically. The Statistical analysis of
Arduino Uno and the whole system is shown in Table 2. Standard deviation , Mean voltage
value, and Standard Error Mean for Arduino and PIC16f877a Microcontroller based device are
acquired for 10 samples. It is observed that Arduino Uno gives better performance than PIC
6f877a Microcontroller based device.
4. DISCUSSION:
The work carried out here includes a voltage detection sensor that measures the voltage
fluctuations in the circuit. Fuzzy logic is a type of Artificial Intelligence and programming that helps to
build models for training and perform to represent the ambiguous concepts of Artificial Intelligence
expressions. Therefore, fuzzy systems are very useful in situations involving very complex systems whose
operation is not well understood, and in situations where a rough but fast solution is required. Fuzzy
systems try to understand systems where the model does not exist. This is done using information that is
uncertain in the sense that it is ambiguous, inaccurate, or completely absent. The behavior of an
understanding controllable system shows some stability against erroneous changes. Fuzzy systems are
robust because they are designed to control within a frame of uncertain conditions. The output of the
system is used to inform the structure of the system itself. Analysis of existing systems requires a model
based on the collective assumptions needed to develop a mathematical form. Today, most industrial
applications are more complex, so some fuzzy rules need to be used to develop fuzzy control over whether
a control process exists.
Microcontroller-based automatic lamp and fan control studies have taken into account
voltage fluctuations. The device is not working properly due to voltage changes. For example, if
the user sets the fan on voltage to 230V, the fan will also light up due to fluctuations if the
temperature is below 230V (Widyaningrum and Pramudita 2018; Harahap et al. 2020). Another
study by (Shivesh, Mishra, and Elisabeth 2017) . In this study, we have developed a fuzzy logic-
based load protection system. The system used purge rules to guide the calculation of the time
delay used to stop the motor. This value was determined according to the characteristics of the
selected motor. The values in Table 2 were used to create the purge rule base. Limits were
selected based on the TSI (Turkish Standards Institution) NEMA standard and the TS3205 EN
600341 number standard.
5. CONCLUSION:
In this project, comparison between Arduino Uno and voltage detection sensor-based devices with
PIC 16f877a microcontroller-based devices and discuss new automated systems that turn home appliances
like load by turning on or off in response to voltage changes with Fuzzy Logic Algorithm. The final
outputs obtained with the performance of Arduino Uno and Voltage detection sensor-based devices are
much higher than those of PIC 16f877a microcontroller-based devices at various voltage levels.
DECLARATIONS:
Conflict of interests
No conflict of interest in this manuscript.
Authors Contributions:
The Author AVVK was involved in data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing.
The Author JV was involved in conceptualization, data validation, and critical review of
manuscript.
Acknowledgement:
The authors would like to express their gratitude towards Saveetha School of
engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Formerly known as Saveetha
University) for providing the necessary infrastructure to carry out this work successfully.
Funding: We thank the following organizations for providing financial support that enabled us
to complete the study.
1. BRAIN O VISION SOLUTIONS (INDIA) PVT LTD
2. Saveetha University
3. Saveetha institute of Medical and Technical sciences
4. Saveetha School of Engineering
REFERENCES:
Zeeshan Ali Shah , Hatem F.Sindi , Azhar U L-HAQ and Mian A. 2020. “Fuzzy Logic Based
Direct Load Control Scheme For Air Conditioning Load To Reduce Energy Consumption”
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.DOI.
Mohamed S. Zaky and Mohamed K and Metwaly. 2016. “A Performance Investigation of a
Four-Switch Three-Phase Inverter-Fed IM Drives at Low Speeds Using Fuzzy Logic and
PI Controllers” 2016 IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2016.2583660.
Geraldo N. A. Maranhão, Alaan U. Brito, João T. Pinho, Jessica K. S. Fonseca, Anderson M.
Leal and Wilson N. Macêdo. 2016. “Experimental Results of a Fuzzy Controlled Variable-
Speed Drive for Photovoltaic Pumping Systems”. 2016 IEEE Sensors Journal.
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2524530.
Shivesh, Rishabh Mishra, and E. Annie Elisabeth. 2017. “Speed Control of Ceiling Fan Using
PWM Technique.” In 2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy
Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/iccpeic.2017.8290449
Gabriele, T., L. Pantoli, V. Stornelli, D. Chiulli, and M. Muttillo. 2015. “Smart Power
Management System for Home Appliances and Wellness Based on Wireless Sensors
Network and Mobile Technology.” 2015 XVIII AISEM Annual Conference.
https://doi.org/10.1109/aisem.2015.7066808.
Raju, B. Vidheya, and B. Vidheya Raju. 2017. “An Automatic Form Monitoring System Using
Arduino and Wireless Sensor Networks.” International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.15680/ijirset.2017.0607318.
Widyaningrum, V. T., and Y. D. Pramudita. 2018. “Automatic Lamp and Fan Control Based on
Microcontroller.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/953/1/012146.
Harahap, Ricky Ramadhan, Mahardika Abdi Prawira Tanjung, and Barany Fachri. 2020. “LAMP
CONTROL SYSTEM THROUGH ANDROID AND WIFI BASED ON ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER.” JURTEKSI (Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi).
https://doi.org/10.33330/jurteksi.v6i3.866.
Rizvi, Safdar, Izaan Sohail, Mehreen M. Saleem, Areeba Irtaza, Maria Zafar, and Mehak Syed.
2018. “A Smart Home Appliances Power Management System for Handicapped, Elder and
Blind People.” 2018 4th International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences
(ICCOINS). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccoins.2018.8510595.
Kanchanasatian, Keeratiburt. 2018. “Automatic Speed Control and Turning ON/OFF for Smart
Fan by Temperature and Ultrasonic Sensor.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/325/1/012022.
“SPSS Software.” n.d. Accessed March 19, 2021.
https://www.ibm.com/analytics/spss-statistics-software.
Tables and Figures:
Table 1: shows the Voltage read by the Voltage detection sensor is used to take action based on
the fluctuations.
Voltage Sensor Readings(AC) Load condition
252.00 OFF
265.00 OFF
269.00 OFF
223.00 ON
197.00 ON
230.00 ON
210.00 ON
150.00 ON
180.00 ON
90.00 ON
Table 2: The standard deviation and mean for the Arduino UNO and Voltage sensor which are
analyzed using the Group statistics.
Group Statistics
group N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
voltage voltage 4 4.4800 .36451 .18225
current
4 4.1050 .00577 .00289
current voltage 4 4.3025 .24391 .12195
current
4 4.0075 .00957 .00479
Fig. 1: Block diagram.
Fig. 2: Structure Of Fuzzy Logic.
