International journal of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics (IJCMP) [Vol-2, Issue-6, Nov-Dec, 2018]

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Application of Factor Analysis for Extracting

Abstract— Futsal is becoming an appropriate choice and Futsal is becoming an appropriate choice and alternative
alternative means of entertainment for the urban people. means of entertainment for the urban people of Nepal.
It can be played in a limited space, for a comparatively Since its introduction in Nepal in 2011, the sport has taken
shorter time period, and with a small team. The objective a step forward. The craziness for Futsal has been
of the study was to identify the factors associated with the increasing in the country recently, with people of all ages,
students’ perception to play the Futsal. The young college children, youth, and the elderly, becoming attracted to
students (n = 110) completed a self-administered sport [5].
questionnaire to acquire their perception on the Futsal. The trend of Futsal has grown so rapidly that it has
The questionnaire was prepared using Likert scale with attracted young people, especially students. In recent days,
five options (strongly agree to strongly disagree). The students have become more interested in playing Futsal.
descriptive cross-sectional study used exploratory factor The young students are influenced and interested to play
analysis with varimax rotation method to extract the Futsal because of advertisement and their own friend
factors related to Futsal. The result revealed that social circle. The researcher was interested in conducting a study
benefit, health benefit, and the reward were the major in the specific field, due to growing concerns of Futsal
three components that had positively influenced majority among the students. The objective of the study was to
of the students and their perception on the Futsal game identify the factors associated with the students’
was positive. perception to play Futsal. It was assumed that the students
Keywords— Factor Analysis, Futsal, Varimax Rotation, would be interested to play Futsal.
Cross-sectional, Descriptive Research, Student’s
Perception. II. METHOD
In this cross-sectional study, the consent of the
I. INTRODUCTION participation was obtained from all the respondents, and
Futsal (Five-a-Side Soccer) dates back to 1930, when Juan they were assured that their information would remain
Carlos Ceriani developed a five-a-side version of soccer confidential. Participants in the study included 110 college
for youth competition in Montevideo, Uruguay. The game students of Kathmandu who were involved in the Futsal
is referred to as FUTSAL in the international community. since last three years. Descriptive research design was
FUTbol or FUTebol is the Spanish or Portuguese word for used to describe the characteristics and perceptions of the
“soccer,” and SALon of SALa is the French or Spanish participants being studied.
word for “indoor” [1]. A questionnaire survey method was adapted to measure
Futsal, which literally translates to “mini-football,” is a participants’ perceptions of the potential importance of the
form of association football that is played on a hard court Futsal. The pre-testing of the questionnaire was done,
that is smaller than a football pitch and is primarily played among 15 students who were not included in the study, to
indoors. Futsal is a high-intensity indoor sport wherein remove any misunderstandings, inconsistencies, or
brief sprints and direction changes alternate with brief inadequate response options. After pilot study, the
relaxation periods for a rather long time. It’s a five-a-side questionnaire was corrected and then it was reprinted. The
football variant that’s played on artificial turf. In a 40 x 20 questionnaire was a balanced mix of open-ended questions
m indoor court, Futsal is a sport in which two teams of five and close-ended questions. There were two parts to the
players compete against each other, one of whom is the questionnaire: demographic information and perception of
goalkeeper. Substitutions are allowed indefinitely. The the respondents on importance of Futsal.
game is played on a hard court surface delimited by lines, The research instrument consisted of dichotomous choice
rather than on walls or boards, as in some other types of questions, multiple choice questioning, and the Likert 5-
indoor football. The game lasts two halves of 20 minutes point scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree) was used
each, with a 20-minute pause in between, and the clock to measure the strength of the response [6]. Data analysis
stops when the ball is out of play [2, 3, 4]. was completed using IBM SPSS version 21. The analysis

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International journal of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics (IJCMP) [Vol-2, Issue-6, Nov-Dec, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijcmp.2.6.2 ISSN: 2456-866X
of the data was carried out using an exploratory factor leagues and 13.6% of them did not participated in any
analysis. The study used the extraction method based on tournaments.
the principal component analysis and the rotation method 3.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis
based on varimax with Kaiser normalization [7, 8, 9]. In order to identify factors related to the students’
perception on importance of playing Futsal, Kaiser-
III. RESULT Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy,
3.1 Socio-demographic Information Bartlett’s Sphericity Test and the determinant score were
The study reported that there were n = 23, 20.9% of female calculated to determine the suitability of the data set for
and n = 87, 79.1% of male participants. The majority of applying factor analysis [9, 10].
the students (45.5%) belong to the age group 18-20 years, Table 1: KMO, Bartlett’s Test, and Determinant Score
37.3% in 20-22, 14.5% in 22-24, and the rest 3% had age Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
0.6
more than 24 years. 62.7% of students spent less than Adequacy
NRs. 300, 23.6% spent NRs. 300-600, 3.6% spent NRs. Bartlett's Test of Approx. Chi-
253.5
600-900, and 10% of participants spent NRs. 900 and Sphericity Square
more money per week to play Futsal. The mass of the df 28
students (80%) were likely to play both indoor and outdoor Sig. 0
games, 17.3% preferred outdoor games, while 2.7% were Determinant Score 0.09
interested in indoor games.
It was interesting that the majority (88.2%) of participants Table 1 display that the value of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
used to play Football, 5.5% of them played cricket and statistics is equal to 0.60 (mediocre), which specifies that
6.4% played other games before joining the Futsal. The the sampling is adequate, and factor analysis is appropriate
participants were asked to mention frequency to play for the data. The Bartlett’s test of Sphericity is highly
Futsal. They disclosed that 41.8% played Futsal once a significant with p < 0.001, indicating that there are some
week, 33.6% played Futsal occasionally, 16.4% almost relationships between the variables. The determinant score
daily, and 8.2% of them played twice a week. They were is 0.09 >0.0001, which displays that there is absence of
interested to play Futsal at college (54.5%), nearby house multicollinearity.
(38.2%), and clubs (7.3%).
Among the respondents, 40.9% had participated in intra
college Futsal tournament, 40% had participated in inter
college Futsal tournament, 5.5% played in national level
Table 2: Eigenvalues and Total Variance Explained
Extraction Sums of Squared Rotation Sums of Squared
Initial Eigenvalues
Compone Loadings Loadings
nt % of Cumulative % of Cumulative % of Cumulative
Total Total Total
Variance % Variance % Variance %
1 2.31 28.82 28.82 2.31 28.82 28.82 2 24.96 24.96
2 1.87 23.31 52.13 1.87 23.31 52.13 1.96 24.51 49.48
3 1.53 19.08 71.2 1.53 19.08 71.2 1.74 21.72 71.2
4 0.74 9.23 80.43
5 0.63 7.83 88.27
6 0.37 4.66 92.93
7 0.29 3.66 96.59
8 0.27 3.41 100
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis

Table 2 displays that there are eight linear components set. The result shows that 71.2% of the common variance
within the data set before the extraction process. After shared by 8 variables can be accounted by the three
extraction and varimax rotation, there are three linear factors. This initial outcome suggests that no more than
components with a value greater than one within the data three components will be extracted from the final solution.

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International journal of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics (IJCMP) [Vol-2, Issue-6, Nov-Dec, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijcmp.2.6.2 ISSN: 2456-866X
Table 3: Rotated Component Matrix with Factor Loadings
Component
Variables
1:Social Benefit 2: Health Benefit 3:Reward
Futsal is a great fun sport to play. 0.868
It helps to develop teamwork and communication skills. 0.818
It helps to enhance a social circle. 0.713
Futsal is a great form of aerobic activity. 0.889
I can improve my overall fitness levels. 0.836
It is an effective way to reduce stress and anxiety. 0.658
Winning sports is important for popularity. 0.927
There is reward and scholarship. 0.906
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Table 3 demonstrates the components and factor loadings. convergent validity is established in this analysis because
The factor loading expressed the relationship of each average variance extracted (AVE) is ≥ 0.5. The AVE
variable to the underlying factor of students’ perception to values corresponding to the components social benefit,
play Futsal. The first component is labeled as ‘Social health benefit, and reward are 0.644, 0.641, and 0.840
Benefit’ explained 24.96% of total variance with respectively. The composite reliability value for first,
eigenvalue 2.31. This first component contained three second, and the third component are o.843, 0.84, and 0.913
items such as Futsal is fun sport, develops teamwork and respectively [11]. It indicates the internal consistency in
communication skill, and enhances a social circle. The scale items.
second component entitled ‘Health Benefit’ described To sum up, all the students were interested to continuously
24.51% of total variance with eigenvalue 1.87. This play Futsal in future. The perception of majority of the
component included three items such as Futsal is a great participants (n = 92, 83.6%) were positive and wanted to
form of aerobic activity, improves fitness levels, and play Futsal daily but n = 18, 16.4% of them did not want to
reduces stress and anxiety. The third component named involve daily in Futsal.
‘Reward’ illuminated 21.72% of total variation with
eigenvalue 1.53. This component comprised two items IV. CONCLUSION
such as winning for popularity and reward and scholarship. The study discussed the college students’ perception on
Table 4: Reliability, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) importance of Futsal game. There is significant positive
and Composite Reliability (CR) perception of students towards the Futsal. The findings of
Cronbach’s this study disclosed that the three components social
Constructs AVE CR
Alpha benefit, health benefit, and reward were the major factors
Component extracted by the exploratory factor analysis. The present
0.729 0.644 0.843 study made use of cross-sectional data with small sample
1: Social Benefit
size and hence it cannot be generalized for the large
Component population. However, the findings of the study will be
0.725 0.641 0.84
2: Health Benefit
beneficial to the future researchers who were interested on
Component study of sports.
0.835 0.84 0.913
3: Reward
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International journal of Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics (IJCMP) [Vol-2, Issue-6, Nov-Dec, 2018]
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