Unit 1: Introduction to System
We are surrounded by system.
Ex. Transportation system, Educational System
1. System are developed to satisfy a set of
requirement that meet a goal or need.
2. A system is a set or group of components that
interact to accomplish some purpose.
Ex: Publication firm that contains authors, proof
reader, typists, editors are set of components.
Types of system:
Closed system
Open system
Physical system
Management Information System (MIS)
Expert system
Executive Information system (EIS)
Decision Support System(DSS)
Computer based system
Physical system:
The physical system could be static or dynamic.
Static system which don't change as far as working.
Dynamic system may change due to processing of
system.
Ex: In computer system ,the hardware part are static, but
data which changes for processing is dynamic.
These both together for physical system along with
program controlling the data.
Open system:
A system which interact with the environment is called
open system.
Ex: Human system, Organizational system
Closed system:
A system which does not interact with the environment
is called closed system.
Ex: chemical reaction in sealed tube
Management Information System:
Management Information System (MIS) is basically
concerned with processing data into information and
is then communicated to the various Departments in
an organization for appropriate decision-making.
WHAT IS MIS? 1) Right Information 2) To the right
person 3) At the right place 4) At the right time 5) In
the right form 6) At the right cost
Characteristics of a Management Information System
1) Provides reports with fixed and standard formats -
Hard-copy and soft-copy reports
2) Uses internal data stored in the computer system
3) End users can develop custom reports
4) Requires formal requests from users
THE MIS DEFINITION
1) The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man
and machine for providing the information to support
the operations, the management and the decision
making function in the organization.
2) The MIS is defined as a system based on the
database of the organization evolved for the purpose of
providing information to the people in the
organization
Executive Information system
Decision Support System
An DSS uses two types of data.
1) Internal data 2)External data
Internal data is used for studying trends.
External data used for understanding the environment.
Benefits of DSS
1) Increase no. of alternatives
2) Better decisions are taken
3) Saves cost and reduce clerical work
Computer Based Information system
This system are faster, more accurate and attractive.
It is possible to perform different operations.
Security of the system is possible.
What is software Engineering?
Software is:
1) Is an Instructions when executed provide desired
result.
2) Is a data structure that enables the program to
manipulate data.
3) Is a document that describe the operation and use of
program.
The main objective of software engineering is to
produce the software product.
Software product are the software which delivered to
customer with documentation which describe how to
install and use the system.
There are 2 types of software product
1) Generic product: These are standalone system which
are produced by an organizations and sold in an open
market to any customer who is able to buy them
2) customized product: The software is developed
specially for customer by some special contract.
Need for software Engineering:
Every organization involve in software development.
Software engineering plays the key role if an
organization want to be in the competitive
environment.
The reasons are:
1) To deliver quality product
2)Fact changing technology
3) Time to market
4) Realibilty in software product
Software Qualities:
The goal of software developer is to develop high
quality software product.
Quality is a charctertics or attribute.
There are many measures of software quality.
McCall defined a set of quality factors:
Software Qualities:
Product Operation Factors :
Correctness requirements are defined in a list of the
software system’s required outputs.
Output specifications are usually multidimensional;
some common dimensions include
The output mission
The required accuracy of output
The completeness of the output information
The up-to-dateness of the information
Product Operation - Reliability
Reliability requirements deal with failures to provide
service.
Determine the maximum allowed software system
failures rate, and can refer to the entire system or to
one or more of its separate functions.
Product Operation - Efficiency „
Efficiency requirements deal with the hardware
resources needed to perform all the functions of the
software system in conformance to all other
requirements.
Product Operation - Integrity
„Integrity requirements deal with the software system
security, that is requirements to present access to an
authorize person.
Product Operation - Usability
Usability requirements deal with the scope of staff
resources needed to train a new employee and to
operate the software system.
Product Revision
Maintainability:
„Maintainability requirements determine the efforts
that will be needed by users and maintenance
personnel to identify the reasons for software failures,
to correct the failures, and to verify the success of the
corrections.
Flexibility
The efforts required to modify an operational
program.
Product Revision
Testability
„Testability requirements deal with the testing of an
information system as well as with its operation.
Product Transition Factors:
Portability:
„Portability requirements tend to the adaptation of
software system to other environments consisting of
different hardware, different operating systems, and so
forth.
• Reusability:
Reusability requirements deal with the use of software
modules originally designed for one project currently
being developed.
Product Transition Factors:
Interoperability:
Interoperability requirements focus on creating
interfaces with other software systems or with other
equipment firmware
