PART 1:

But can we really feed a population of nine billion people which we will have by 2050 and it'll
peak according to the United Nations median projection at about nine point two nine point
three in about 2070 don’t helped me to that were bound to find that's wrong and either up or
down. But can we really feed that number of people. Well, at the moment, we need a large
proportion of the earth to feed six point nine billion people. So, if we add another two billion
people and we asked and we enable them to eat chickens and pigs and all these things we like
to eat then we're going to don't need a lot more land. Now it'd be nice to do all this organically
but the problem with that is we're gonna need a lot more land for the cattle whose fertilizer is
going to be whose manure is going to be used as fertilizer, etc. So, we're gonna need even more
land if we were using the mostly organic farming technologies of the 1950s today we would
need approximately twice as much land to produce the same amount of food as we produce
today. So, let's not do that. And let's treble yields. If we treble yields in farming, we could
actually feed 9 billion people from a smaller acreage than we feed six point nine billion today.
So can we treble yields well we've just done it in the last sixty years we trebled yields this is the
yields of rice wheat and maize the big three cereal crops which provide about sixty percent of
human calories and they trebled over that time despite taking effectively no extra acres under
the plough. Nobody thought this could be done we were told repeatedly throughout this period
by environmentalists such as Lester Brown that it could not be done and yet it was done and
how was it done it was done by getting dwarfing genes into wheat so that they put more of
their energy into seeds rather than stalks it was done by the use of machinery and chemicals
and fertilizers and all these things that raised yields in farming. And what that did was it
enabled us to well and what first thing he did was lit lowered food prices, and food prices have
been on a long-term decline now we've just heard that they're high at the moment and some
people even talk about record highs but if you correct for inflation these are not record I mean
this is roughly where we're at the moment that's actually the 2008 spike but the 2010 spike is at
about the same level as that it's an uptick and it's causing real pain but it's from a very low
level. And what this means is that by increasing yields we've actually been able to spare land if
you go in the woods of New England, you find stone fences like this running through the
landscape where people used to have farms. New England used to be 70% farmland now it's
70% woodland the more we can increase farm yields the more land we can spare for national
parks and wildernesses.

PART 2:
One of the most important ways to help threatened plants and animals survive is to protect
their habitats permanently in national parks, nature reserves or wilderness areas. There they
can live without too much interference from humans. It is also important to protect habitats
outside reserves such as on farms and along roadsides.
You can visit a nearby national park or nature reserve. Some national parks have special guided
tours and walks for kids. Talk to the rangers to find out whether there are any threatened
species and how they are being protected. You and your friends might be able to help the
rangers in their conservation work.
When you visit a national park, make sure you obey the wildlife code: follow fire regulations;
leave your pets at home; leave flowers, birds’ eggs, logs, bushes and rocks where you find
them; put your rubbish in a bin or, better still, take it home.
If you have friends who live on farms, encourage them to keep patches of bush as wildlife
habitats and to leave old trees standing, especially those with hollows suitable for nesting
animals.
Some areas have groups which look after local lands and nature reserves. They do this by
removing weeds and planting local native species in their place. You could join one of these
groups, or even start a new one with your parents and friends. Ask your local parks authority or
council for information.
By removing rubbish and weeds and replanting with native plants you will allow the native bush
to gradually regenerate. This will also encourage native animals to return
PART 3:
Can anybody hear me? Is this microphone working? Good! Now welcome everybody to the

second of these lectures on successful study at college. Yesterday we looked at housekeeping

issues, where to find information how to use the library, computer system and so on. Today

we’re going to cover an issue that will be vitally important to you all throughout your time here

at college and that is time management. Hundreds of books have been written about time

management and those of you who are interested in doing some extra reading on the subject

are very welcome to see me after the lecture. As I have a book list here and some other

useful materials. Now time management.

In the past this used to mean making a list to plan for every hour of the week and then try

to stick to this plan. These days however the whole idea of managing time has changed. In fact

if you think about it, you’ll find that it’s impossible to manage time it just goes. So, what you

really need to manage is yourself. To manage yourself effectively you need to have a clear idea

both of what you want to achieve and how to achieve it. In other words, you need to set

goals and you need to move towards achieving these goals, in an efficient and systematic way.

Most coursework at the college is set by mid semester and at the end of the semester
usually involves two written assignments of between 1,500 and 3,000 words in length. If you

look around you at college you will see that during the first weeks of the term, everyone looks

cheerful and focused. Followed by a change around week six, assignment time when people

start to look a bit stressed. The library reports that an increasing number of students

become angry when books are not available. So, what’s happened? Has everybody becomes

suddenly irritable and angry for no reason? Not quite. The reason is that people have not

managed their resources well. They have not set priorities for reaching their goals and, as a

result, some of them realize they’re going to do badly with their assignments, this will not be

because they lack intelligence or love of the subject. They will fail because they did not have a

clear eye dear of what they have to do and how long it should take them. Let’s step back a

minute.

What do we mean by establishing goals? Well basically it means deciding what you want to

achieve. In other words, deciding on the results that you want to achieve. The students that I’ve

mentioned found themselves very stressed. Mainly because they have an assignment to do. But

they did not fully think through the effect that this would have on their day-to-day life.

There’s an awful lot of spare time in a day, for example, if you manage to spend some of

that time, even just one hour on an activity that helps you with your study, that one hour could

have a major impact in your course. Particularly if you make it a regular habit. I’d like to ask you

now to have a look at the planners in your information kits. You will see that there are 3-1 term

planner, one weekly planner and one daily planner the term planner. Is to help you get an

overview of everything that you will need to do for the term. The weekly planner is to

help you week by week and the daily planner will help you with the really detailed planning.

Before we go any further, I would like you to make a note in your daily planner right now. I want

you to picture how you could make a major difference in your life, by spending just one hour a

day on some activities for the next term.

Background reading for example or preparing a bibliography. Now imagine the benefit at the

end of the term. The term diary and the weekly diary are the most important ones. However

a week is really the shortest time you have to establish an overview of your time for

planning purposes. Now you need to set priorities for the term. Work out how you could
achieve those priorities and the results that you desire. If you can get into the habit of planning

like this, Q40 you’ll soon find that you’ve actually had more time than before to spend on

relaxation and other activities that you enjoy. Now let’s share some of the ideas that you’ve

come up with. I’ll divide you up into groups to share your ideas. Okay.

PART 4:

The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has promised a strong response after a suicide bomber killed
46 soldiers in India administered Kashmir on Thursday. India has said it will ensure the complete
diplomatic isolation of Pakistan following the attack the deadliest to hit the disputed territory in
decades. India accuses Pakistan of failing to act against the militant group based in Pakistan which said it
carried out the bombing. Well, we can go live now to our correspondent Sangeeta Mexico in Delhi
Sangeeta over to you. well Stephen, here in Delhi this morning tensions rising between the Indian
government and the Pakistani authorities. The Indians today saying outright that they believe they have
incontrovertible evidence that Pakistani authorities knew that the terror attack was going to happen and
that they are directly linked to it. The Pakistani government refuting those claims calling them
irresponsible and instead condemning the attack. In the meantime, questions over what the security
forces here in India knew is also up in the air. Reports today that suggests that three days ago security
forces in the region very close to where the attack happened knew that a major assault was planned.
What happened to that information and whether or not it was passed on to the right people is now a
matter of investigation. Mangled wreckage on a debris strewn Highway all that's left in the aftermath of
a massive attack launched by Islamist militants in which a suicide bomber drove a car packed with
explosives into a bus carrying over 40 paramilitary personnel in Indian-administered Kashmir. No one on
board survived and with dozens more being treated in hospital for their injuries, officials have warned
that number is likely to rise. this morning India's Prime Minister warns that the attackers would not go
unpunished. A befitting reply will be given to the perpetrators of the heinous attack and their patrons.
No force will succeed in disturbing peace progress and stability of energy. Local man Adil Armada is
believed to be the man responsible for the attack according to Indian authorities. The Islamist militant
group Jaish-e-Mohammed say they planned it. The organization based in Pakistan has been active in
Indian-administered Kashmir for nearly twenty years fighting for the state's independence. Today
soldiers have sealed the scene of the bombing which is also the main route linking the Kashmir Valley
with the rest of India. It's a high-security zone how militants were able to obtain store and use
explosives without detection has now become a key focus of investigations by anti-terror police. Those
police have told us that it's going to take several days before they get answers to those questions. In the
meantime, as I say diplomatic relations between both India and Pakistan under strain. We've been
hearing this morning that Indian officials have now summoned Pakistan's High Commissioner to come
and meet them to discuss their concerns over what Pakistan you and when. These security forces would
be given free rein in their response. What do you think that means? What are the options really that the
Indian security forces have? So, this is a really interesting question what we've already seen is the chief
minister of Jammu and Kashmir appealing to the Indian government for security to be stepped up.
Stephen, what we know is there are about half a million Indian soldiers already stationed there and
what we've seen this morning of pictures of security forces up along that main highway. it's worth
stressing that that highway is the only route really linking that part of Kashmir which as I said in my
report is a security zone and the rest of India so we've seen security forces are stepping up action there.
The question is what happens next on a diplomatic front. We understand that Indian authorities will be
appealing to the UN to have Pakistan declared a terrorist state. We know that they've tried that in the
past three times. In fact, and on each occasion, they were blocked by the Chinese.

Thank you - thank you very much indeed for that update.