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Polar Curves: Analytical Methods

The document discusses polar coordinates including defining polar coordinates, plotting points in polar coordinates, writing and sketching polar graphs, and converting between polar and rectangular coordinates. It also discusses the relationships between rectangular and polar coordinates and introduces spherical coordinates.

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Dexter Ahamed
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38 views16 pages

Polar Curves: Analytical Methods

The document discusses polar coordinates including defining polar coordinates, plotting points in polar coordinates, writing and sketching polar graphs, and converting between polar and rectangular coordinates. It also discusses the relationships between rectangular and polar coordinates and introduces spherical coordinates.

Uploaded by

Dexter Ahamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

POLAR

CURVES

Analytical Methods
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the student is expected to
be able to:

• define polar coordinates.


• plot points polar coordinates.
• write and sketch the graphs of polar equations.
• convert polar to rectangular and vice versa.
Examples: Plot the given points on a polar coordinate system.
a. P (3, 45°)

b. P (3, –60°)
c. P (–3, 220°)

d. P (-3, –75°)
RELATIONS BETWEEN RECTANGULAR AND POLAR
COORDINATES
The transformation formulas that express the
relationship between rectangular coordinates and polar
coordinates of a point are as follows:
and

Also,
;

;
2. Express the rectangular coordinates (-4, 3) in terms of polar
coordinates.
Spherical coordinates
The coordinate ρ is the distance from P to the
origin. If the point Q is the projection of P to the xy-
plane, then θ is the angle between the positive x-
axis and the line segment from the origin to Q.
Lastly, ϕ is the angle between the positive z-axis
and the line segment from the origin to P
Spherical coordinates
• X=ρsinϕcosθ
• y=ρsinϕsinθ
• z=ρcosϕ.

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