HIRANANDANI FOUNDATION SCHOOL, THANE
First Comprehensive Assessment 2019- 2020
Environmental Science
Std: X Marks: 80
Date: 27.08.19 Time: 2 hrs
Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first 10 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
This paper consist of two printed pages
Section I is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
Section I (40 Marks)
Attempt all questions from this section
Question 1.
a) Name any two financial institutions that provides loan to countries to improve their
economy. [2]
b) State any two ways by which electricity can be generated without using fossil fuel.[2]
c) What are clean fuels? [2]
d) State the benefits of MNC’s in developing countries. [2]
e) List any two points to show population growth is connected to climate change. [2]
Question 2.
a) What is E- Waste? State one reason for its increase in the environment today. [2]
b) Give any two functions of gene banks. [2]
c) How can private enterprise contribute towards city improvement? [2]
d) State any two disadvantages of four stroke engine. [2]
e) Mention any two ways by which small scale industries help to reduce poverty. [2]
Question 3.
a) Explain how planning energy helps in environmental improvement. [2]
b) Explain the terms penalties and subsidies [2]
c) State any two strategies that can be adopted to reduce birth rate in India. [2]
d) State any two disadvantages of using incinerators. [2]
e) State two factors responsible for population explosion. [2]
Question 4.
a) What is nuclear fission? Give one advantage of nuclear energy [2]
b) What are organic fertilizers? State one advantage of using them. [2]
c) Give any two steps to counter migration to urban areas. [2]
d) How does a bio fertilizer help plants?Name any one bio fertilizer. [2]
e) How has economic development helped to control population? [2]
Section II (40 Marks)
Attempt any four questions from this section
Question 5.
a) What is biomass? Name any two liquid fuels obtained from biomass. State any one
disadvantage of each? [5]
b) Explain any five consequences of uncontrolled population growth on the environment.
[5]
1
Question 6.
a) What is a catalytic converter? Explain its action on the harmful compounds. [5]
b) What steps must be taken to achieve global food security? [5]
Question 7.
a) State five measures to regulate activities of MNC’s in developing countries [5]
b) How can community help in keeping surrounding clean? [5]
Question 8.
a) What is TTZ? What are the steps taken to protect the Taj from environmental
pollution? [5]
b) What are landfills? State any four disadvantages of this disposal of waste. [5]
Question 9.
a) Write a short note on Bhopal gas tragedy. [5]
b) State the two aims of the integrated plant nutrient management programme.
What are the constraints faced by the farmers in implementing this programme? [5]
Question 10.
a) (i) Define the term: Bioremediation. Explain in any two ways how this method
can clean up the environment. [3]
(ii) What can you do to make a difference in solid waste management? [2]
b) State the cause for the depletion of water source. How can we ensure constant
supply of water? [5]
***************************************************************************
2
HIRANANDANI FOUNDATION SCHOOL, THANE
First Comprehensive Assessment 2019- 2020
Environmental Science – answer key
Std: X Marks: 80
Date: 27.08.19 Time: 2 hrs
Section I (40 Marks)
Question 1.
a. Name any two financial institutions that provides loan to countries to improve their
economy. [2]
World bank, International Monitoring Fund.
b. State any two ways by which electricity can be generated without using fossil fuel.[2]
Tidal energy, solar energy, geothermal, biogas, nuclear
c. What are clean fuels? [2]
Clean fuels are non conventional fuels that help to give better mileage, prolong
engine life and leads to less pollution
d. State the benefits of MNC’s in developing countries. [2]
Brings employment to local areas
Education helps improve local people
They help with better infrastructure, better living standards
Reduces technology gap between developing and developed countries.
e. List any two points to show population growth is connected to climate change. [2]
Growing population means more essential consumer products leading to more
industrial pollution thus global warming.
More population leads to more use of fossil fuel and thus global warming.
Question 2.
a. What is E- Waste? State one reason for its increase in the environment today. [2]
E- Waste is electronic waste.
Rapid development in science and technology and increased consumerism has lead
to the increase of E- Waste.
b. Give any two functions of gene banks. [2]
Preservation of biodiversity
Conservation of genetic material of any organism
Duplicate and regenerate material required from the preserved genes.
c. How can private enterprise contribute towards city improvement? [2]
Job oppurtunities
Allot funds for carrying out awareness programme on issues like literacy,
environmental issues etc
d. State any two disadvantages of four stroke engine. [2]
This engine is heavier than the two stroke engine.
Expensive because their production cost is high.
e. Mention any two ways by which small scale industries help to reduce poverty. [2]
Providing employment opputunities.
Mobilising entrepreneurial skill from rural and semi urban areas which are untouched by
large industries
3
Question 3.
a) Explain how planning energy helps in environmental improvement. [2]
the energy should be sufficient affordable and non polluting for the number of
people living in the area
alternative energies which are cheaper and less polluting like solar energy, wind
energy tidal etc should be encouraged.
b) Explain the terms penalties and subsidies [2]
The failure to comply with the specific provisions of the act formulated by the
government to sustain a healthy environment, will attract penalties which could be
in the form of fines or cancellation of license or even imprisonment.
The government provides subsidies in the form of financial support or grants low
interest loans for activities believed to be ecofriendly.
c) State any two strategies that can be adopted to reduce birth rate in India. [2]
family planning should be made a peoples movement.
Population should be made a part of school and college curriculum
Awareness of contraceptives and surgical methods to control population
Increasing the marriageable age to delay the birth reduce the child bearing span
Education of women. Use of electronic media to spread message among masses
d) State any two disadvantages of using incinerators. [2]
two disadvantages of using incinerators
the operation, installation and maintenance cost is high
requires a lot of energy to run the incinerator.
It produces a large amount of fly ash.
It produces a lot of polluting gas which may also contain toxic particulate
e) State two factors responsible for population explosion. [2]
Two factors responsible for population explosion are
Accelerating birth rate.
Decreased mortality rate.
Increased life expectancy.
Improvement in public health.
Advancement in medical technology
Illiteracy.
Question 4.
a. What is nuclear fission? Give one advantage of nuclear energy. .[2]
Fission is the splitting of a large atom into two or more smaller ones.
Advantage:
Reliable
Clean
Economical
Efficient
Inexhaustible supply
b. What are organic fertilizers? State one advantage of using them. [2]
They are natural fertilizers derived from dead plant or animal matter.
Organic fertilisers increase physical and biological nutrient storage mechanism in
the soil.
c. Give any two steps to counter migration to urban areas. [2]
Improving agricultural productivity.
Empowering rural woman.
Provision of basic infrastructure like school, health care etc.
d. How does a bio fertilizer help plants?Name any one bio fertilizer. [2]
4
It helps by fixing the nitrogen, solubilising phosphorous, and synthesising growth
promoting hormones.
Azobacter, Rhizobium, Azospirillum
e. How has economic development helped to control population? [2]
Government must offer incentives for families accepted for sterilisation.
Facilities offered to employees who have limited to two children only.
Government must strive for the economic development and raise the living
standards of it people; if the people are economically sound, they will have access to
better heath care, education etc.
Section II (40 Marks)
Question 5.
a) What is biomass? Name any two liquid fuels from biomass. State any one advantage of
each? [5]
Biomass is the energy got from organic matter like waste from plants and animals,
wood, agriculture, sewage industrial effluents etc.
Ethanol/ methanol/ gasohol/CNG/hydrogen.
Not easily available for use in automobiles/ needs alteration of the engine/ less
mileage
b) Explain any five consequences of uncontrolled population growth on the environment.[5]
The increasing population need food, fuel, shelter etc for which forest are destroyed
which affects the climate and the entire ecosystem.
The use of excessive fossil fuel leads to increase in green house gases leading to
global warming.
Growing need of consumer products results in growth of industries leading to air
and land pollution...
Increase in demand of food leads to intensive cropping thus leading to decrease in
soil fertility and conversion of forest land to crop land
Infrastructure development leads to change in land use pattern
More generation of waste further enhancing land, air, water pollution.
Question 6.
a) What is a catalytic converter? Explain its action on the harmful compounds. [5]
It is a device that uses a catalyst to convert the harmful compounds in vehicular
exhaust into harmless compounds.
Action on the harmful compounds.
it converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide.
It converts hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water.
It converts nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen.
b) What steps must be taken to achieve global food security? [5]
Rapid economic growth in agricultural sector.
Slower population growth.
By boosting agricultural sciences and technology.
Securing poverty rights and access to finance.
Enhancing human capital through education and improved health.
Question 7.
a. State a few measures to regulate activities of MNC’s in developing countries [5]
Stake in the company
Employment of the local work force.
Good remuneration to the work force.
Use of local raw materials.
Economic and social stability.
5
Compensation in case of accidents or death while on duty
b. How can community help in keeping surrounding? [5]
Taking up cleanliness drive.
- Building community toilets.
- converting organic waste into manure
- celebrating sanitation day where people get together and clean roads and
drains.
- safe disposal of garbage.
Question 8.
a. What is TTZ? What are the steps taken to protect the Taj from environmental pollution?
[5]
Taj trapezium zone is a area of 10,400sq km around the taj to protect the monument
from pollution.
The use of coal / coke is banned in industries located in the TTZ.
Relocating them outside the TTZ or shutting them down.
Creation of a green belt around the Taj
b. What are landfills? State any four disadvantages of this disposal of waste. [5]
Landfills are dug up land which are filled with garbage and then covered with soil.
disadvantages;
landfills produce leachate which seep into the underlying groundwater,
posing serious health hazard to the environment and to public health.
Leachate often run into agricultural fields along with run off during rainfall
and enters the food chain.
Methane and carbon dioxide are two major gases produced from the
decomposition of the solid waste in the landfill leading to global warming.
The leachate also threatens the marine environment and also enters the food
chain.
Question 9.
a. Write short note on Bhopal gas tragedy. [5]
Bhopal gas tragedy was a gas leak that occurred in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
in 1984 at a pesticide plant UCIL
The plants MIC related safety system wasn’t functioning and the valves and lines
were in poor condition.
The tragedy happened while trying to unclog a pipe leading to a tank containing 42
tons of MIC
500,000 people were exposed to this gas thousands died due to breathlessness,
stomach pains and pulmonary odema
150,000 still struggle with respiratory issues, birth defects, elevated risks of cancer
and TB
b. State the two aims of the integrated plant nutrient management programme.
What are the constraints faced by the farmers in implementing this programme. [5]
Two aims of integrated plant nutrient supply programme:
To maintain soil productivity.
To ensure productive and sustainable agriculture.
To use bio fertilizers, green manure, leguminous plants
To prevent degradation of environment social and economic aspirations of the
farmers.
Constraints:
Non availability of farm yard manure in sufficient quantity.
6
Non availability of soil testing facilities.
Non availability of water.
Non availability of new improved seeds.
Difficulty in growing green manure.
Question 10.
a) (i) Define the term: bioremediation. Explain in any two ways how this method
can clean up the environment. [3]
This involves the use of naturally existing micro organisms to speed up the breaking
down of biological substances and degradation of various materials into simple
organic compounds like carbon dioxide, water, salts and other harmless products.
two ways this method can clean up the environment.
Genetically engineer microorganisms which can degrade organic pollutant
molecule.
Promotion of microbial growth in insitu can be achieved by addition of nutrients,
overtime these microbes use up these compounds thus degrading them
Plants are also used to clean metal infested sites whereby metals can be recovered by
burning the plants
(ii) What can you do to make a difference in solid waste management? [2]
To make products with less packaging.
Encouraging customers to bring their reusable bag while shopping.
Reusing of products like cloth, glass etc
To practise donation of unwanted items in good usable conditions.
b) State the cause for the depletion of water source. How can we ensure constant supply
of water? [5]
Increase in population, wastage of water, pollution of water and improper
distribution of water are the causes for depletion of water sources
To ensure constant supply of water
- Distribution of water is to be planned considering the number of household.
- Water distribution to industries, markets, offices, hospitals and educational
institutions must be allocated
- Water should be treated and not contain any life threatening pathogens.
- Contamination of water bodies should be avoided.
- Water tariff should be rationalised
- Water meters should be fixed
- People must be encouraged to harvest rain water.
***************************************************************************
