EXPERIMENT NO:1

AMPLITUDE MODULATION
clc;

clear all;

t=-5:0.001:5;

x=sin(2*pi*.2*t);

y=cos(2*pi*4*t);

m=input('enter the modulation index');

z=m*x;

s=y+y.*z;

subplot(3,1,1)

plot(t,x)

xlabel('time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

title('Modulating signal')

subplot(3,1,2)

plot(t,y)

xlabel('time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

title('Carrier signal')

subplot(3,1,3)

plot(t,s)

xlabel('time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

title('Amplitude Modulated signal')

FREQUENCY MODULATION
clc;

clear all;

t=-5:0.001:5;

fm=input('enter the modulating signal Frequency')

%fm=0.2;

x=sin(2*pi*fm*t);

fc=input('enter the carrier signal Frequency')

%fc=4;

y=cos(2*pi*fc*t);

m=input('enter the modulation index');

%m=10;

z=m*x;

s=cos(2*pi*fc*t+z);

subplot(3,1,1)

plot(t,x)

xlabel('time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

title('Modulating signal')

subplot(3,1,2)

plot(t,y)

xlabel('time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

title('Carrier signal')

subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,s)

xlabel('time')

ylabel('Amplitude')

title('Frequency Modulated signal')

AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING

clear all;

close all;

%GENERATE CARRIER SIGNAL

Tb=1; fc=10;

t=0:Tb/100:1;

c=sqrt(2/Tb)*sin(2*pi*fc*t);

%generate message signal

N=8;

m=rand(1,N);

t1=0;t2=Tb

for i=1:N

t=[t1:.01:t2]

if m(i)>0.5

m(i)=1;

m_s=ones(1,length(t));

else

m(i)=0;

m_s=zeros(1,length(t));

end

message(i,:)=m_s;

%product of carrier and message

ask_sig(i,:)=c.*m_s;

t1=t1+(Tb+.01);
t2=t2+(Tb+.01);

%plot the message and ASK signal

subplot(5,1,2);axis([0 N -2 2]);plot(t,message(i,:),'r');

title('message signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('m(t)');grid on

hold on

subplot(5,1,4);plot(t,ask_sig(i,:));

title('ASK signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('s(t)');grid on

hold on

end

hold off

%Plot the carrier signal and input binary data

subplot(5,1,3);plot(t,c);

title('carrier signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('c(t)');grid on

subplot(5,1,1);stem(m);

title('binary data bits');xlabel('n--->');ylabel('b(n)');grid on

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING

clear all;

close all;

%GENERATE CARRIER SIGNAL

Tb=1; fc1=2;fc2=5;

t=0:(Tb/100):Tb;

c1=sqrt(2/Tb)*sin(2*pi*fc1*t);

c2=sqrt(2/Tb)*sin(2*pi*fc2*t);

%generate message signal

N=8;

m=rand(1,N);

t1=0;t2=Tb

for i=1:N

t=[t1:(Tb/100):t2]

if m(i)>0.5

m(i)=1;

m_s=ones(1,length(t));

invm_s=zeros(1,length(t));

else

m(i)=0;

m_s=zeros(1,length(t));

invm_s=ones(1,length(t));

end

message(i,:)=m_s;
%Multiplier

fsk_sig1(i,:)=c1.*m_s;

fsk_sig2(i,:)=c2.*invm_s;

fsk=fsk_sig1+fsk_sig2;

%plotting the message signal and the modulated signal

subplot(3,2,2);axis([0 N -2 2]);plot(t,message(i,:),'r');

title('message signal');xlabel('t---->');ylabel('m(t)');grid on;hold on;

subplot(3,2,5);plot(t,fsk(i,:));

title('FSK signal');xlabel('t---->');ylabel('s(t)');grid on;hold on;

t1=t1+(Tb+.01); t2=t2+(Tb+.01);

end

hold off

%Plotting binary data bits and carrier signal

subplot(3,2,1);stem(m);

title('binary data');xlabel('n---->'); ylabel('b(n)');grid on;

subplot(3,2,3);plot(t,c1);

title('carrier signal-1');xlabel('t---->');ylabel('c1(t)');grid on;

subplot(3,2,4);plot(t,c2);

title('carrier signal-2');xlabel('t---->');ylabel('c2(t)');grid on;

PHASE SHIFT KEYING

clc;

clear all;

close all;

%GENERATE CARRIER SIGNAL

Tb=1;

t=0:Tb/100:Tb;

fc=2;

c=sqrt(2/Tb)*sin(2*pi*fc*t);

%generate message signal

N=8;

m=rand(1,N);

t1=0;t2=Tb

for i=1:N

t=[t1:.01:t2]

if m(i)>0.5

m(i)=1;

m_s=ones(1,length(t));

else

m(i)=0;

m_s=-1*ones(1,length(t));

end

message(i,:)=m_s;

%product of carrier and message signal

%Plot the message and BPSK modulated signal

subplot(5,1,2);axis([0 N -2 2]);plot(t,message(i,:),'r');

title('message signal(POLAR form)');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('m(t)');

grid on; hold on;

subplot(5,1,4);plot(t,bpsk_sig(i,:));

title('BPSK signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('s(t)');

grid on; hold on;

t1=t1+1.01; t2=t2+1.01;

end

hold off

%plot the input binary data and carrier signal

subplot(5,1,1);stem(m);

title('binary data bits');xlabel('n--->');ylabel('b(n)');

grid on;

subplot(5,1,3);plot(t,c);

title('carrier signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('c(t)');

grid on;
 EXPERIMENT NO:6

DTMF
% CLEARING PREVIOUS CONTENTS

clc;

clear all;

close all;

% ASSIGNING THE FREQUENCIES TO 'X' AND 'Y'

number=input('enter the number in single quotes :') ;

L=length(number);

t=[0:0.0001:0.05]'; % t (time vector) is a column matrix

x=2*pi*[697 770 852 941];% fixed freq for rows of dial pad

y=2*pi*[1209 1336 1477];% fixed freq for columns

tx=[sin(x(1)*t) sin(x(2)*t) sin(x(3)*t) sin(x(4)*t)];

ty=[sin(y(1)*t) sin(y(2)*t) sin(y(3)*t)];

% SWITCH STATEMENT TO SELECT THE NUMBERS DIALED

for i=1:1:L

switch number(i)

case'1'

tone=tx(:,1)+ty(:,1);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 1');

case'2'

tone=tx(:,1)+ty(:,2);

%sound(tone);
stem(tone);title(' tone for number 2');

case'3'

tone=tx(:,1)+ty(:,3);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 3');

case'4'

tone=tx(:,2)+ty(:,1);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 4');

case'5'

tone=tx(:,2)+ty(:,2);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 5');

case'6'

tone=tx(:,2)+ty(:,3);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 6');

case'7'

tone=tx(:,3)+ty(:,1);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 7');

case'8'

tone=tx(:,3)+ty(:,2);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 8');

tone=tx(:,3)+ty(:,3);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 9');

case'*'

tone=tx(:,4)+ty(:,1);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for *');

case'0'

tone=tx(:,4)+ty(:,2);

%sound(tone);

stem(tone);title(' tone for number 0');

case'#'

tone=tx(:,4)+ty(:,3);

%sound(tone);

tem(tone);title(' tone for #');

otherwise

disp('invalid number');

sound(sin(2*pi*5600*t));

end; %end of switch statement

pause(1) % delay between successive tones

end;%end of for loop