Department of Petrochemical Engineering
College Of Technical Engineering
University Of Polytechnic-Duhok
Subject: Work shop and industrial safety
Filling
Reporter Name: Waleed Adnan Taher
Date Of Submits: 4/7/2020
Objective
To Identify the parts, types and different grades of files.
Describe the different methods of filling.
Explain the use of the file safe edge and the file card.
Demonstrate an ability to file correctly and safely a metal work piece as per
the given dimensions.
INTRODUCTION
It is the process of carving and settlement of rough surfaces by removing a Reich
from the face of Exercise by tool called fill.
The file is defined as a steel hand tool with small sharp teeth on some or all of its
surfaces; used for smoothing metal or wood.
The following points should be taken in consideration when identify any file
1. The length of the file (measured from the point to the shoulder).
2. The shape of the file (the cross-sectional profile).
3. The pitch of the teeth (smooth, second and coarse).
4. The type of cut or the patterns of cutting edge (single, double and rasp).
Files could be categorized according to Length, Shape, Pitch and Cut Patterns.
Tools and equipment used in the filling workshop
1- File
2-Vice 3- Anvil
4-Vertical drilling 5-Try square
6-Hammers 7-Type of calipers
8-Chisels 9-Ruler
10-Vernier 11-Tape and dies
12-Grinder table 13-Iron saw
14-Grinding Paper
Types of files
A-according to the smoothness(softness) file and Roughness-divided into:
1- coarse file:
number of teeth in cm2(5-13) teeth.
2- Average softness file:
number of teeth in cm2(13-25) teeth.
3- softness file:
number of teeth in cm2(25-80) teeth
B-according to the cross-sectional of file
1- rectangle file
2- square file
3- triangle file
4- circular file
5- half circular file
6- knife edge file
C-according to the Cutting teeth.
1 Single Cut.
2 Double Cut.
3 Rasp Files.
4 Curved .
HOW TO DO FILING
To obtain a good surface finishing and accurate dimension for the finished work
piece, you should consider the following steps: 1- Select the proper file that is
best for the job.
2- Clean the file out with a stiff wire brush.
3- Clamp firmly the work piece in the vice.
4- Take the correct filing position
5- Grab the handle of the file with the dominant hand and place the palm of the
other hand on the end of the file.
6- Orient the file so that it points away from you.
7- Press down firmly, and make long slow strokes away from your body.
8- Remove downward pressure on the return stroke to prevent dulling the file.
METHODS OF FILING
It is important to make sure that the material to be filed is softer than the file
itself; so hardened steel should not be filed with a hardened steel file as this
might cause quick file ruination.
1- Cross filing: The work piece is first filed in one direction and then filed again at
a certain angle to the original strokes.
2- Draw filing: This method is only used to remove file marks and produce a good
finish on completed work. A smooth file is used to produce a good finish. This
finish can be improved further by rubbing chalk into the file. This prevents the
teeth from clogging.
3-FILING CURVES: There are two types of curves that you may have to file
smooth. With an internal curve, you should move the file across the work while at
the same time moving along the curve. As you are moving the file along the curve
change the angle of the file. For an external curve, run the file along the curve
while at the same time "rocking" the file so that the point of the file rises as you
can.
4-SAFE EDGE: There are no cutting teeth on one side of the hand file. This is
extremely useful when filing in corners. The safe edge is placed into the corner
and because it is smooth it does not damage the surface of the metal.
FILE CARD
FILE CARD: When filing the soft metals, the small particles of metal will tend to
clog the teeth and this is called pining. If the file is not cleaned, these particles will
scratch on the surface of the work. This case frequently appears when applying a
new smooth file on soft metals. The pinning can be removed with a File Card
which is a wire brush mounted on a block of wood. Sweep the file card along the
grooves on the file until the pinning is removed.
SAFETY AND CARE OF FILES
1. Never use a file with cracked or unsecure hand file.
2. Files teeth are brittle and therefore file should be placed properly and should
not be stacked on other tools.
3. Remove the pinning regularly by a file card/wire brush.
4. Use only light pressure.
5. Don’t just throw your files in a drawer. Care should be taken to keep each file
separate. Keep them in a rack or drawer with partitions.
6. Use a piece of cloth, not your hand to clean the surface being filed.
7. Never hammer on or with a file.
8. Don’t clean a file by slapping it on the bench; since it is brittle it may shatter.
9. Be sure to keep files away from water or moisture and avoid getting them oily.
Oil makes the file slide across the work surface without cutting.
